Hg 6e ch_04_lecture
- 1. Chapter 4 Lecture Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context Sixth Edition People and Nature Wendy A. Mitteager State University of New York, Oneonta
- 2. Key Concepts • Nature and Society • Environmental Philosophies • Ecological Imperialism • Energy Needs • Climate Change • Environmental Impacts • Globalization of Environment • Sustainability Figure: Chapter 4 Opener Rescue workers in Japan © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 3. Nature as a Concept • Relationship between nature and society • Earth Summit – Sustainable future • Environmental Advocates – Pinchot, Carson, Shiva • Ecosystem Figure 4.2 Technology often aggravates rather than solves environmental problems © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 4. Nature as a Concept, (cont'd) • Technology • I=PAT – Physical artifacts – Impact on earth resources – Activities or processes – Population – Knowledge or know-how – Affluence – Technology Figure 4.4 Electronic waste © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 5. Nature-Society Interactions • Cultural Ecology • Global climate change • Hurricane Katrina • Haiti earthquake • Political Ecology Figure 4.6 Haiti, one year after the earthquake Apply your knowledge: Give examples of cultural ecology from your community or campus. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 6. Climate Change Figure 4.5 Four elements represent how climate change is affecting the planet © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 7. Water Politics Figure 4.B Protesters in Bolivia, during the action against the hike in water rates Figure 4.A Virtual water expended to produce foods © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 8. U.S. Environmental Philosophies • Views of nature • Henry David Thoreau – Romanticism • Ralph Waldo Emerson – Transcendentalism • George Perkins Marsh Figure 4.8 Walden Pond today – Humans as significant agent of environmental change © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 9. U.S. Environmental Philosophies, (cont'd) • Gifford Pinchot • Environmental Ethics • Theodore Roosevelt • Ecofeminism • Conservation & • Deep Ecology Preservation • Environmental Justice • Environmental • Ecotheology organizations Apply your knowledge: Provide examples of how Thoreau's ideas about nature can be understood in terms of late-twentieth-century environmental philosophies. Apply the same analysis to Marsh and Emerson. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 10. European Expansion • Internal, at first • Disease & depopulation – Virgin soil epidemics – Columbian exchange – Demographic collapse Figure 4.10 Population growth in Europe © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 11. Ecological Imperialism • Introduction of exotics into new ecosystems • Intentional and unintentional • Agriculture and livestock • Animal power Figure 4.12 Painting of the capital city of the Aztecs Apply your knowledge: Provide examples of plants and animals in your region that are examples of ecological imperialism © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 12. European Voyages of Exploration Figure 4.11 Not all voyages were violent and exploitative – many were mutually beneficial through the exchange of knowledge. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 13. Recent Environmental Change • Anthropocene • Impact of energy needs – Nonrenewable – renewable Figure 4.13 Biomass pyramid © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 14. World Energy, 2008 Figure 4.14 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 15. Peak Oil Figure 4.C Oil reserves by region, Figure 4.D Predictions of future oil 2007 production Figure 4.E Price of crude oil, 1986–2011 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 16. Energy Needs Figure 4.16 Surface coal mining in Germany Figure 4.15 Increase in energy demand © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 17. World Distribution of Nuclear Reactors, 2011 Figure 4.20 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 18. Global Consumption of Fuelwoods, 2010 Figure 4.21 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 19. Percentage of Hydropower in the Electricity Supply, 2010 Figure 4.22 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 20. Global Climate Change Figure 4.F Schematic framework of climate change drivers, impacts, and responses © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 21. Global Climate Change, (cont'd) Figure 4.G This graph shows projected sea level rise. The maps show the impact of 5 meters of sea level rise. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 22. Three Gorges Dam, China Figure 4.23 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 23. Global Acid Emissions Figure 4.24 Apply your knowledge: How do various countries other than the U.S. address the problem of acid rain? © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 24. Impact of Land-Use Change • Five categories of land • Conversion • Modification Figure 4.30 Greening of the Sahel © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 25. Global Land Grab Figure 4.27 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 26. Globalization of the Environment • Global change • Environmental politics – WTO, IMF, G8, United Nations, NGOs • Environmental Sustainability Figure 4.30 Bioprospecting in the Arctic Apply your knowledge: Research an international institution that implements sustainable development programming. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 27. Future Geographies • Increase in world energy consumption – Population growth – Periphery is industrialized • Global challenges will require international political and economic Figure 4.31 Raw materials are shipped out of the U.S. to China. Containers from China to the U.S. cooperation are loaded with manufactured commodities © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 28. End of Chapter 4 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.