Hg 6e ch_04_lecture
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This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 4 of the textbook "Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context" including: 1) It discusses the relationship between nature and society, environmental philosophies like those of Pinchot, Carson and Shiva, and the I=PAT formula for measuring environmental impact. 2) It covers topics like cultural ecology, climate change, water politics, and different views of nature in American environmental philosophy from Thoreau to Marsh. 3) It also examines issues such as ecological imperialism during European expansion, recent environmental changes including impacts of meeting energy needs, and challenges of globalization and sustainability.
Hg 6e ch_04_lecture
- 1. Chapter 4 Lecture Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context Sixth Edition Wendy A. Mitteager State University of New York, Oneonta People and Nature
- 2. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Key Concepts • Nature and Society • Environmental Philosophies • Ecological Imperialism • Energy Needs • Climate Change • Environmental Impacts • Globalization of Environment • Sustainability Figure: Chapter 4 Opener Rescue workers in Japan
- 3. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Nature as a Concept • Relationship between nature and society • Earth Summit – Sustainable future • Environmental Advocates – Pinchot, Carson, Shiva • Ecosystem Figure 4.2 Technology often aggravates rather than solves environmental problems
- 4. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Nature as a Concept, (cont'd) • Technology – Physical artifacts – Activities or processes – Knowledge or know-how • I=PAT – Impact on earth resources – Population – Affluence – Technology Figure 4.4 Electronic waste
- 5. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Nature-Society Interactions • Cultural Ecology • Global climate change • Hurricane Katrina • Haiti earthquake • Political Ecology Figure 4.6 Haiti, one year after the earthquake Apply your knowledge: Give examples of cultural ecology from your community or campus.
- 6. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Climate Change Figure 4.5 Four elements represent how climate change is affecting the planet
- 7. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Water Politics Figure 4.A Virtual water expended to produce foods Figure 4.B Protesters in Bolivia, during the action against the hike in water rates
- 8. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. U.S. Environmental Philosophies • Views of nature • Henry David Thoreau – Romanticism • Ralph Waldo Emerson – Transcendentalism • George Perkins Marsh – Humans as significant agent of environmental change Figure 4.8 Walden Pond today
- 9. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. • Environmental Ethics • Ecofeminism • Deep Ecology • Environmental Justice • Ecotheology U.S. Environmental Philosophies, (cont'd) • Gifford Pinchot • Theodore Roosevelt • Conservation & Preservation • Environmental organizations Apply your knowledge: Provide examples of how Thoreau's ideas about nature can be understood in terms of late-twentieth-century environmental philosophies. Apply the same analysis to Marsh and Emerson.
- 10. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. European Expansion • Internal, at first • Disease & depopulation – Virgin soil epidemics – Columbian exchange – Demographic collapse Figure 4.10 Population growth in Europe
- 11. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Ecological Imperialism • Introduction of exotics into new ecosystems • Intentional and unintentional • Agriculture and livestock • Animal power Figure 4.12 Painting of the capital city of the Aztecs Apply your knowledge: Provide examples of plants and animals in your region that are examples of ecological imperialism
- 12. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. European Voyages of Exploration Figure 4.11 Not all voyages were violent and exploitative – many were mutually beneficial through the exchange of knowledge.
- 13. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Recent Environmental Change • Anthropocene • Impact of energy needs – Nonrenewable – renewable Figure 4.13 Biomass pyramid
- 14. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. World Energy, 2008 Figure 4.14
- 15. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Peak Oil Figure 4.D Predictions of future oil production Figure 4.C Oil reserves by region, 2007 Figure 4.E Price of crude oil, 1986–2011
- 16. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Energy Needs Figure 4.15 Increase in energy demand Figure 4.16 Surface coal mining in Germany
- 17. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. World Distribution of Nuclear Reactors, 2011 Figure 4.20
- 18. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Global Consumption of Fuelwoods, 2010 Figure 4.21
- 19. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Percentage of Hydropower in the Electricity Supply, 2010 Figure 4.22
- 20. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Global Climate Change Figure 4.F Schematic framework of climate change drivers, impacts, and responses
- 21. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.G This graph shows projected sea level rise. The maps show the impact of 5 meters of sea level rise. Global Climate Change, (cont'd)
- 22. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Three Gorges Dam, China Figure 4.23
- 23. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Global Acid Emissions Figure 4.24 Apply your knowledge: How do various countries other than the U.S. address the problem of acid rain?
- 24. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Impact of Land-Use Change • Five categories of land • Conversion • Modification Figure 4.30 Greening of the Sahel
- 25. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Global Land Grab Figure 4.27
- 26. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Globalization of the Environment • Global change • Environmental politics – WTO, IMF, G8, United Nations, NGOs • Environmental Sustainability Figure 4.30 Bioprospecting in the Arctic Apply your knowledge: Research an international institution that implements sustainable development programming.
- 27. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Future Geographies • Increase in world energy consumption – Population growth – Periphery is industrialized • Global challenges will require international political and economic cooperation Figure 4.31 Raw materials are shipped out of the U.S. to China. Containers from China to the U.S. are loaded with manufactured commodities
- 28. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. End of Chapter 4