High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Technique and Validation for Determination of Favipiravir in Bulk and Tablet Formulation

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 6 Issue 7, November-December 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52424 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 7 | November-December 2022 Page 719
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic
Technique and Validation for Determination
of Favipiravir in Bulk & Tablet Formulation
Ms. Pritee R. Atkar, Dr. Mirza Shaihed Baig
Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
Favipiravir is an antiviral that is active against many RNA viruses, &
also used in COVID-19. A simple, economical, accurate, and precise
HPLC method with UV detection was developed to quantify
Favipiravir. It was resolved on the C18 column using the mobile
phase blend of methanol: acetonitrile: ortho phosphoric acid in an
isocratic mode, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with a proportion of
40:30:30%,v/v/v. The detector wavelength was set at 322 nm.
Reverse phase HPLC method, using UV detector is developed for the
estimation of Favipiravir API. Used Liquid chromatographic system
from Shimadzu comprising of Auto sampler, quaternary gradient
pump for constant flow and constant pressure delivery and UV-
Visible detector connected to software Lab solutions for controlling
the instrumentation as well as processing the generated data. A
mixture of Methanol: Acetonitrile: Ortho phosphoric acid in the ratio
40:30:30 v/v/v was used in RP-HPLC as diluent and as a mobile
phase.
KEYWORDS: Favipiravir, Valadation, Accuracy, Precision, LOD,
How to cite this paper: Ms. Pritee R.
Atkar | Dr. Mirza Shaihed Baig "High
Performance Liquid Chromatographic
Technique and Validation for
Determination of Favipiravir in Bulk &
Tablet Formulation" Published in
International
Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research
and Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN:
2456-6470,
Volume-6 | Issue-7,
December 2022,
pp.719-725, URL:
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52424.pdf
Copyright © 2022 by author (s) and
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an
Open Access article
distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
INTRODUCTION
FVP is an antiviral medication created by Toyama
Chemical for the treatment of influenza. It prevents
viral replication by specifically inhibiting the RNA
polymerase of RNA viruses.[1]It has molecular
formula C5H4FN3O2 and a molecular weight of
157.104 g/mol.[4] No chromatographic method with
fluorimetric detection has been developed for
quantitation of FAV neither in pure form nor in
pharmaceutical preparation.[3] Favipiravir (6-fluoro-
3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide) is an analog of
pyrazine It selectively inhibits the RNA polymerase
of RNA viruses, thus preventing viral reproduction. It
displays antiviral activity against alpha-, filo-, bunya-,
arena-, flavi-, and noroviruses, as well as being active
against the influenza virus.[2] FVP is not officially
available in any pharmacopoeia and there is still a
need for validated HPLC methods to determine FVP
in pharmaceutical formulations.[2]
Chemical structure of Favipiravir
Materials and Methods
Method development- A reverse phase high
performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC)
method was developed for the estimation of
Favipiravir API. The separation was achieved on
Shimadzu C18 analytical column (250 mm × 4.6 mm
i.d., 5 µm) using Methanol: Acetonitrile: 0.1% Ortho
phosphoric acid in the ratio 40:30:30 v/v/v as mobile
phase and at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection was
IJTSRD52424

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
carried out using a UV detector set at 322 nm. The
total chromatographic analysis time per sample was
about 6.0 min with Favipiravir eluting at retention
time of about 3.409 min.
Chromatographic conditions set as below
Table No. 1
Mobile Phase Methanol: Acetonitrile: 0.1% Orthophosphoric acid (40:30:30 v/v/v)
Column C18, 4.6 mm x 2.5 cm, 5 µm (Make- Shimadzu)
Flow rate 1.0 ml/min
Injection volume 10 µl
Wavelength 322 nm
Oven temperature Ambient
Run time 6 min
0.1% orthophosphoric acid preparation- 1 ml of orthophosphoric acid was mixed with water and diluted to
1000 ml with HPLC grade water. Sonicated for 5 minutes and filtered through 0.45 µ filter paper.
Mobile phase- Mixed 400 ml of Methanol: 300 ml of Acetonitrile and 300 ml of 0.1% Orthophosphoric acid.
Filtered through 0.45 µ filter paper. Sonicated for 5 minutes.
Solution preparation-Weighed 10 mg of Favipiravir and dissolved it in 10 ml of mobile phase -Stock solution
(1000 ppm) 2 ml of Stock solution diluted to 100 ml with mobile phase. (20 ppm)
Datafile Name:Favipiravir 40 30 30 ACN MeOH 0.1% OPA.lcd
Sample Name:Favipiravir
Sample ID:20 ppm
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 min
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
mV
Figure1
Table No.2
Name Ret. Time Area Area% Asymmetry Theoretical Plates
Favipiravir 3.409 692167 100.000 1.304 5233
This method found suitable w.r.t. peak shape, RT and system suitability parameters. So it is finalised for method
validation. System suitability
Table No.-3
Name Area Retention Time Theoretical plates Asymmetry
Favipiravir 692167 3.409 5233 1.304
Limit ------- ---- NLT 1500 NMT 2.0
Details of Chemicals used-
Table No.-4
Chemicals/ Solvents used Grade Make
Acetonitrile HPLC Gradient Finar Ltd.
Water HPLC Finar Ltd.
Ortho Phosphoric acid SQ Qualigens
Methanol HPLC Grade Finar Ltd.

Method validation: The method of analysis was validated for the parameters like Accuracy, Linearity,
Precision, Recovery, Robustness, LOD and LOQ.
Accuracy: Accuracy is a measure of the closeness of the experimental value to the actual amount of the
substance in the matrix. The accuracy of the method was determined by calculating percentage recovery of
Favipiravir For the drug, recovery study was carried out by applying the method to known label claim tablet
solution known amount of Favipiravir corresponding to 50%, 100% and 150% of drug sample had been added
(standard addition method). The results obtained were as depicted in table12.
Linearity: The linearity of a test procedure is its ability (within a given range) to obtain test results proportional
to the concentration (amount) of analyte in the sample. Linearity was studied by diluting the volume of standard
stock solution (1000 µg/ml) equivalent to 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0ml to 100ml with same composition of
mobile phase to obtain 10, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40µg/ml working solutions respectively. All of these solutions
were injected to aforesaid chromatographic conditions to quantitatively estimate the area and equivalent
concentration. The results were shown in table 5.
Precision: Precision measures of how close individual measurements are to each other. All of these solutions
were injected in predetermined chromatographic conditions and observed for various parameters and found
within limit. Mean area was subjected to statistical analysis to determine percent RSD and found within limit as
per ICH guideline Q2R1. The results were depicted in table 14,15,16,17.
Recovery: It is calculated by following formula-
Recovery = [Amount found-amount sample]/amount standard spiked*100
The obtained results were depicted in table 13.
Robustness: The robustness of an analytical method is a assessment of its capabilityto stay unaffected by small,
but purposeful variations in method parameters and provides an indication of its consistency throughout
customary usage. There are not much variation in the results obtained w.r.t. area after the deliberate changes
done in wavelength and flow rate in case of Favipiravir. Which demonstrates that the developed method is
robust and accurate. The resuts were shown in table 6,7.
Limit of Detection [LOD] & Limit of Quantification[LOQ]:Calculated based on the standard deviation of the
response (Sy) of the curve and the slope of the calibration curve (S) at levels. Limit of detection(Lod) =
3.3*standard deviation/ slope,
LOD = 3.3(Sy /S) = 3.3 x 8117.4 = 0.78 µg/ml
Limit of quantification (Loq) = 10* standard deviation/slope,
LOQ = 10(Sy /S) = 10 x 8117.4 = 2.37 µg/ml
34230
Result and Discussion
Calibration curve-
Table no.-5
Conc. in ppm Area
10 346707
20 692521
25 843522
30 1027641
35 1200122
40 1375655

Robustness
Two parameters changed-
1. Change in wavelength i.e. + 2 nm
Table No.-6
2. Change in Flow i.e. + 0.1 ml/min
1. 0.9 ml/min 2. 1.10 ml/min.
Flow Rate
Flow 0.9 ml/min 1.10 ml/min
Area 767161 761648
% Relative Standard Deviation for Area obtained by setting 2 flow rates 0.51%
Table No.-7
Accuracy
Area obtained for Favipiravir tablets
Inj. No. Area
1 734558
2 733037
AVG 733797
Table No.-8
Formula for Assay % Assay = Avg. area of sample solution x conc. of std x purity x 100
Area of standard solution x conc. of sample
% Assay = 733797 x 20 x 100 x 100 = 98.7%
743066 x 20 x 100
Assay of Tablets – Inj. 1
Table No.-9
Favipiravir 3.410 734558 100.000 1.005 5380
WAVELENGTH (WL)
WL 320 nm 324 nm
Area 747131 751351
% Relative Standard Deviation for Area obtained by setting 2 WL 0.398%

Assay of Tablets – Inj. 2
Favipiravir 3.410 733037 100.000 1.005 5308
Table No.-10
Drug sample- 20 ppm solution
Favipiravir 3.411 743066 100.000 1.047 5156
Table No.-11
Recovery
Level
Favipiravir
Stock solution taken
Tablet Stock
Solution taken
Diluted with
Mobile phase
Favipiravir
(in ppm)
I (50%) 1.0 ml 2.0 ml 100 ml 30
II (100%) 2.0 ml 2.0 ml 100 ml 40
III (150%) 3.0 ml 2.0 ml 100 ml 50
Table No.-12
Result Table – % Recovery of Favipiravir
Theoretical Conc. (t) area obtained (m) Slope (y) Observed conc. in µg/ml (x) % recovery
30 µg/ml 1047126 34230 30.6 102.0%
40 µg/ml 1405552 34230 41.0 102.6%
50 µg/ml 1734573 34230 50.7 101.3%
Table No.-13

PRECISION- INTRA DAY
Table No.-14
Morning 11.30 AM
Conc. 18 PPM 28 PPM 38 PPM
Area 666814 996612 1363077
Afternoon 2.30 PM
Area 666545 997349 1363882
Evening 5.30 PM
Area 667160 996980 1364684
%RSD of Area calculations-
Table No.-15
Level Conc. Morning Afternoon Evening Mean Area %RSD
I 18 ppm 666814 666545 667160 666839 0.046%
II 28 ppm 996612 997349 996980 996980 0.037%
III 38 ppm 1363077 1363882 1364684 1363881 0.059%
%RSD of RT calculations-
Level Conc. Morning Afternoon Evening Mean RT %RSD
I 18 ppm 3.405 3.406 3.407 3.406 0.029%
II 28 ppm 3.406 3.408 3.407 3.407 0.029%
III 38 ppm 3.410 3.410 3.411 3.410 0.017%
PRECISION- INTER DAY
Table No.-16
DAY 1
Area 666814 996612 1363077
DAY 2
Area 666435 997094 1363860
DAY 3
Area 666288 998032 1364694
%RSD of Area calculations-
Table No.-17
Level Conc. Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Mean Area %RSD
I 18 ppm 666814 666435 666288 666512 0.041%
II 28 ppm 996612 997094 998032 997246 0.072%
III 38 ppm 1363077 1363860 1364694 1363877 0.059%
%RSD of RT calculations-
Level Conc. Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Mean RT %RSD
I 18 ppm 3.405 3.407 3.407 3.406 0.034%
II 28 ppm 3.406 3.406 3.410 3.407 0.068%
III 38 ppm 3.410 3.411 3.409 3.410 0.029%

References
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