History asignment
- 1. Contents Topic pages 1 Introduce about india architecture 3 2 Taj Mahal 4-5 3 Taj Lake Palace 6-7 4 Indonesia Yogjakarta 8-9 5 Konark Sun Temple 10-11 6 Amritsar Golden Temple 12-13 7 Qutub Minar 14-15 8 Khajuraho temple complex 16-17 9 Conclusion 18 10 References 19
- 2. Introduction about india architecture Ancient India is one of the four ancient civilizations, its architectural culture has a long history, generally have the following architectural style. Early Indian architecture (BC 1500 to 1200) are mostly built by adobe, in the Indian River has several thriving city. These cities have well-planned grid system, the main street to form a rectangular block. Buddhist architecture (300 BC - 320 AD) This original wood and adobe buildings, the oldest surviving building on the current point of view, there are three main forms: live in caves carved cave preaching sermons, pagoda. In order for these types of Shentang are designed to meet a large number of followers. The main form and detail sermons Cave followed the wooden architecture of the early prototypes. Stupa for hemispherical grave mound, around it there for believers during a walk on the road, held ceremonies in India was undoubtedly the most representative Sangqifota. Buddhist temple is Shentang stone structure, its external mostly covered with rich carving material. Islamic architecture (AD 600 to 1500) The main building types are mosques and palaces. Mosques are mostly rectangular layout courtyard, there are a prayer hall, the pattern is completely symmetrical. Exterior with glass bricks, plaster carved stone tiles pattern or colour bars, decorative grandeur. Decorative use of round, square and other geometric symbols symbolic patterns, combined with leaf ornaments and Arabic text. The famous Taj
- 3. Mahal mausoleum is a masterpiece of Islamic architecture, beautiful, incomparable. 1、Taj Mahal
- 4. Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal in India and the world is full of the most famous tombs were called miracle on earth architecture. It is located in the northern Indian city of Glasgow Gentiles suburbs south bank of Yamuna, can be reached by train from New Delhi 3 hours. Mughal emperor Shah Khan Taiji Mahal blooming beauty, brilliance, Shah Khan patrol along the way the tragic death, when he was 39 years old. To
- 5. commemorate with inseparable Shah Khan, mobilized more than 20,000 workers built this mausoleum. The Taj Mahal was built in 1632 to 1653 was completed, the duration of up to 22 years. Hill north to south and 580 meters wide and 305 meters, the middle is a beautiful square gardens. Middle of the garden is a marble pool, the pool at the end of the tomb. All with white marble mausoleum brick, forming a very holy reflection in the clear pool. The platform is the tomb of red sandstone, with white marble mausoleum formation of contrasting shades. Central tomb covered with a dome 17 meters in diameter, towering yet full to the sky as the background, constitutes the sublime Clean contours. Mausoleum each corner a 41 m high minarets. Supporting the construction of the mausoleum on both sides of the mosque, exactly the same style. Domed tomb underground palace, white marble walls inlaid with precious stones. Grand magnificent Taj Mahal. Early morning or evening is the best time to watch the Taj Mahal, the Taj Mahal this time showing unparalleled purity, serene and beautiful.
- 7. Taj Lake Palace Udaipur is often called the Venice of the East, because the city lakes everywhere, the most eye-catching is an artificial lake leather pull autumn (Pichola Lake), as well as full of magnificent palace built in the center of the lake would be surprising or tall as Whitewater Wonderland palace. It is said that the palace was built in 1746, this is the summer palace of the emperor Maharana Jagat Singh II, has been converted into a five-star hotel Taj Lake Palace. Entire palace is like an independent kingdom, guests must spend a luxury yacht, swaying lake, just enjoy the beauty of the palace. Almost the entire palace built of marble make elegant palace gardens and more flowers, spa, two main restaurant meal in accordance with the park, lakes and landscape construction, while doing close your eyes, delicious food while enjoying the treatment. With 83 rooms and suites, the emperor lived here, of course, luxury suites, 17 different functions, such as the moon suites, all rooms with crystal chandeliers and gold carvings, marble columns, as well as private swing door, do was kingly. Palace area, patio and indoor similar, such as the Grand Palace, why palace built in the narrow channel portal, because the enemy is very small defensive purposes, when soldiers invaded relief;
- 8. while intrauterine room has a different architectural style, the King had a different and preferences, there are glass and mirror palace, some luxurious marble billiard room grand palace. As for the most beautiful part of the palace, which is peacock atrium walls remain colorful peacock mosaic pattern, the emperor said, before enjoying dance places extraordinarily gorgeous. It is worth mentioning that the palace has an outdoor cafe peripherals, their pizza tastes class is a good place to rest. Indonesia Yogjakarta (Borobudor)
- 9. Indonesia Yogjakarta (Borobudor) Borobudur "The meaning of the name comes from the Sanskrit Vihara Buddha Ur ", meaning" pagoda "hill. Borobudur is approximately between 750 to 850 AD by the then ruling the island of Java in summer even in Tel Kings (Sailendra) for collection of a small portion of the ashes of the Buddha, spent hundreds of thousands of peasants and slaves, with near rivers andesite and basalt, with over a decade of time blocks. By the early tenth century, volcanic eruptions, make this pagoda group sinking, and implicitly covered in dense tropical jungle almost a thousand years, until the 19th century to reproduce the light of day. Borobudur stupa is a solid, no windows, no pillars. It's like looking down from above in a Vajrayana Buddhist mandala,
- 10. simultaneously representing the Buddhist deep and spiritual worlds. It is a quadrilateral pyramid, a total of ten layers of the tower, a symbol of ten ten-store tower Dharma, this monument known as the "five towers." Three parts of the Buddhist stupa represents the world leading three practice realm, namely: Yujie (Kamadhatu), colored circles (Rupadhatu) and formless (Arupadhatu). This magnificent building magnificent Buddhist art, and the Great Wall, India's Taj Mahal, Angkor in Cambodia and China's famous pyramids of Egypt, has been hailed as the world's top five wonders of the ancient Orient. Konark Sun Temple
- 12. The konark sun temple is india most stately building, not only magnificent appearance, perfect proportions, but also reflects a religious harmony. It is located in the easternindian state of Orissa, Kona Mubarak Village, on the verge of the bay of Bengal. Temple built in the 13th century, the shape is unique sun god Surya’s chariot. 24 wheels decorated with character patterns, 7 horses pulling the chariot. Today ,most being destroyed, leaving only half of the original, but still left the ruins of the building without losing its charm year. The temple’s main hall has three carved Titan by Blackstone. Rising from the sea every morning sunrise will be mapped in the first bunch Titan head, temples revolution around the sun always shines on these three Titan’s body. Into the Sun Temple, the face is bluestone brick ballroom, but now only remained three meters tall base wall, a wall carved with the crowd, dancing and varied, and looked different. The entire main hall looks like a giant chariot, is made with red-brown stone. The main hall is about 50 meters and a width of 40 meters, the wall thickness of 2m. a total of 24 wheels of the chariot, each wheel has a diameter of about 2 meters, engraved with beautiful patterns, as well as eight thick wedge-shape spokes. According to report, seven horses said one week for seven days, 24 wheels, said there 24 hours a day. Chariot appearance lined patterns and statues, while the largest number in the statue, the most impressive, the performance of court life or those of luxury, extravagance relief, and some larger-than-life characters, vivid modality realistic.
- 14. Amritsar Golden Temple Amritsar Golden Temple is located in the Indian border city of Amritsar, situated on one called "Strom," the central pool surrounded by walls studded with gleaming marble, gilded entire building almost the whole body, very spectacular. This is known as "the Sikh holy crown jewel" of architecture, style and elegant, sleek, both Islamic architecture of solemn silence, another Hindu gorgeous bright buildings. Golden Temple is the Sikh temple non-Hindus cannot enter. The temple dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. As a Sikh shrines, Amritsar means "nectar pond." Then only Hindu reformist Sikh branches, through unremitting efforts of several generations of Catholics, culminating in the 16th century developed into a fully independent religion, therefore, when the founder of Sikhism 4th generation Roma Das has built a pools, called "nectar pond", Amritsar, hence the name. The Sikh Golden Temple by the fifth generation founder Arjun in 1589 presided over the construction, completed in 1601, so far has been 400 years of history. Because of the size 19 circular temple and the temple are covered with gold foil top, in the sunshine, exceptionally bright, Sikhs have long been known as the "house of God." Golden Temple is located in the excavated area of 1500 square meters of lakes in the middle, a 60 m-long pier leading to the lake in the center. Calm lake temple reflected in the water, adds a special charm temple. Golden Temple castle gatehouse, there were five white bell tower and Golden plum-shaped size. Everywhere you looked, awe-inspiring atmosphere, resplendent reflect over the entire field of vision. The total area of about 10 hectares of the Golden Temple, inside a rectangular layout, the center of an artificial lake, surrounded by a dozen meters wide, surrounded by black and white marble, towering castle erecting poly spotlights from four directions to the center, a golden the temples stand tall in the middle of the lake, "the house of god" will be in front.
- 15. Qutub Minar
- 16. Qutub Minar Qutub Minar located in Delhi South, built in the early 13th century. This red sandstone spiers high 72.5 meters. Base diameter of 14.32 meters, 2.75 meters in diameter tower peak, tapering upward from the bottom groove decorative tower angular and rounded interspersed appear. Archaeological area around the building, including some tombs: the famous have built in 1311 Indian Muslim art boutique Ala Yi - Darvaza door; and two mosques, one of which is Library Vatu mosque. The temple is the oldest mosque in northern India, which supplies more than 20 blocks from the Brahmin temple. Qutub Minar is the tallest building in Delhi, called "one of the seven wonders of India." It was built in the late 12th century, has been Qibabainian history. Tower rounded maroon, 72.56 meters high, the bottom diameter of about 14.4 meters, nearly 2.7 meters in diameter at the top. It is said that there are seven layers Qutub Minar, now remaining five layers, each separated by a circular balcony room. The first storey 29 meters, the second storey 15.5 meters, a few meters above the layers decreasing. Tower of attractive appearance,
- 17. architectural style and chic. The first to third layers are constructed with red sandstone, each tower decorative appearance of a protruding fold lines, and the shape is different, the bottom is semi-circular and triangular cross, the second layer is a semi-circular the third layer is a triangle. The upper two floors of the tower without folds, built with white marble, the middle of the red sandstone, the shape of the tower body wrapped in a red belt. Khajuraho Temple Complex
- 18. Khajuraho Temple Complex Khajuraho temple complex located in the northeastern part of India 21 square kilometers, divided into two things, the total number of 85 temples have been built in AD 950-1050 years. In this historical period, Khajuraho in India, rice area is law school activity center. Perhaps, from the ravages of conquerors remoteness here, so there are more than 20 temples temples still quite well preserved. Khajuraho temple complex, the vast majority are built with hard sandstone river, the temple has a large number of exquisite sculpture, reliefs hundreds of pornographic performance piece is based on the eighteenth century, the "Kama
- 19. Sutra carvings created content", the characters involved is the relief of God, the monarchy, military, musicians, dancers, and many civilians, shape lifelike, is a wonderful Indian civilization. Khajuraho group of ancient ruins sculptor who left masterpiece. She is from the temple, now recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site of ancient kings built-candlelight group. Although Khajuraho sculpture site is famous erotic, in fact, the temple of profound philosophical significance richer meaning, they are celebrating life at that time. Khajuraho site group's name comes from a local tree commonly grown Khajuraho. The building was built in chandella built temple 85 years, only 22 were saved. The temple is divided into three zones according to geographic location, Western, Eastern, Southern, Western architecture, including the most extensive, the most artistic value. Even the description of specific, real-life photos in textbooks inside. However, Sculpture porn only a small part of all, but unfortunately, that is a small fraction of pornographic websites carved pieces let Khajuraho group cast a bad reputation. While the Eastern and Southern Districts of beautiful architecture, magnificent compared to the West End, is significantly less. Conclusion
- 20. India gives the impression that the dirty and messy. Actually not the case, I also have just started with the same idea, but it was a unique sense of mystery so I want to know about it. India is a multi-racial country, a long history of building added to the mystery. Most buildings are included India advocated religious freedom spirit. Not to be bound by the thoughts and ideas created the India one after another spectacular building; bold style does not cover other Asian countries to overthrow the original architectural style. Influence of Indian architecture is very large, there are still other countries to follow its architectural style. Indian designers to intricate drawings carved in stone and walls, some buildings even need to spend a long period of time to build up. Because of their indomitable spirit to build all of this, but because of various factors that lead to these ancient buildings suffered damage. Efforts and development of technology people can use these world heritage has been repaired, so we should cherish these precious heritage in order to allow future generations to witness firsthand the miracle of the history. Reference