History Chapter 9 Progressivism
- 1. Chapter 9 Progressivism Takes Hold
- 2. Section 1 – Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency I. Early Political Career - Harvard Graduate/Cattle Rancher -Military Hero/Governor of NY 1898 II. Roosevelt & McKinley - McKinley assassinated – Roosevelt was VP but becomes President -“Bully Pulpit” – strong language but moderate action -1 st modern President – weakened Congress III. Managing Natural Resources - Conservation -Newlands Reclamation Act – federal funds paid for irrigation in the west -Resource Management – US Forest Service (Gifford Pinchot) regulated lumbering
- 3. 9-1 (continued) IV. Supervising Big Business -Sherman Antitrust Act – unsuccessful because of holding companies - “Trustbuster” filed suit against Northern Securities Company -Railroads retained most of the control -1902 UMW strikers won shorter workday and better wages but lost union recognition -Roosevelt set a precedent of being involved in labor disputes -”Square Deal” – campaign slogan for 1904 -Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act – protects consumers
- 4. 9-1 (continued) V. Going Beyond Roosevelt -Roosevelt supported his successor W.H. Taft in 1906 -Taft supported Progressivism -Prosecuted twice as many trusts as Roosevelt -Expanded national forests -Supported miner safety laws -Established Children’s Bureau -Public underestimated Taft and encouraged Roosevelt to run again
- 5. Section 2 – Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom I. Wilson’s Rise to Power -strong moral beliefs, overcame learning disability, President of Princeton University -Governor of NJ, began destroying the political machine that brought him to power -Supported Progressivism -revamped election laws -established utility regulatory boards -allowed commissioner government
- 6. 9-2 con’t. II. The Election of 1912 -Democrats elected Woodrow Wilson -Republicans were split but nominated William Taft -Progressive Republicans did not like that, so they voted for Theodore Roosevelt who created the “Bull Moose” Party -Also Eugene Debs – Socialist candidate -2 way race – Wilson vs. Roosevelt – they disagreed on trusts -Roosevelt – New Nationalism – regulate trusts -Wilson – New Freedom – destroy trusts -Wilson Wins! (Republican vote is split with Bull Moose /Progressive votes)
- 7. 9-2 con’t. III. The New Freedom in Operation -Attacked tariffs – taxes that protected business interests but increased consumer prices -Underwood Tariff – 1913 – cut all tariffs nearly in half -Wilson’s 2 nd initiative – Federal Reserve System to protect banking -Against trusts and unfair business – passed the Clayton Antitrust Act and established the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to regulate trade -Also supported Workers’ Compensation and Child Labor laws
- 8. 9-3 – Limits to Progressivism African Americans and Equality -Jim Crow laws legalized segregation - Plessy v. Ferguson upheld “separate but equal” doctrine -Booker T. Washington – said accommodation was the answer -W.E.B. DuBois demanded equality
- 9. 9-3 con’t. II. Immigrants and the Melting Pot -Progressives valued “Americanizing” over diversity -Nativism – prefers native-born to foreign-born -Eugenics – science proves some groups to be inferior -Restrictions began- 1882 on Chinese – 1907 “Gentleman’s Agreement” with Japan – and 1917 literacy test requirements
- 10. 9-3 con’t. III. Workers and Radicals -Progressives agreed on issues but disliked radical leaders of labor unions -Jane Addams was a strong advocate for the unions -American Federation of Labor distrusted the government who often sided with big business – gov’t. saw strikes as a restraint to trade - Progressives said the problem was the factory owners and the solution was laws to regulate them -Socialists said the problem was the system of capitalism and the solution was public ownership -IWW (Wobblies) were radicals who confronted owners directly