History: Definition, Sources and Methodologies
- 3. CHAPTER 01 DEFINITION OF HISTORY: ISSUES, SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY
- 4. ● It is the study of the past as it is described in written documents. ● It provides the analysis and interpretation of the human past enabling us to study continuity and changes that take place over time. HISTORY
- 5. ● “History is the record of what one age finds worthy of note in another.” - Jacob Burckhardt ● “History, in it’s broadest sense, is everything that ever happened” -Henry Johnson HISTORY by Historians:
- 6. ● “History is the story of man’s struggle through the ages against Nature and it’s elements; .” - Jawaharal Nehru HISTORY by Historians:
- 8. 1.History is a study of the present in the light of the past. 2. History is the study of man. 3. History is concerned with man in time. 4. History provides an objective record of happenings. 5. History is multisided.
- 9. History is a study of the present in the light of the past. -The present owes its existence on the past. To understand how society has come to its present form, there is a need to know its past.
- 10. History is the study of man. -Past events are riddled with man’s engagement in wars, his struggles to win his independence.
- 11. History is concerned with man in time. -It deals with a series of events and each events happen at a given point in time.
- 12. History provides an objective record of happenings. They based their data on original sources and make them free from subjective interpretation.
- 13. History is multisided. -It is not limited to one certain aspect of man’s life, it covers all aspects as they are all closely interrelated.
- 15. 1.History helps us understand people and societies. 2. History contributes to moral understanding. 3. History provides identity. 4. History is essential for good citizenship. 5. History is useful in the world of work.
- 16. History helps us understand people and societies.
- 17. History contributes to moral understanding.
- 19. History is essential for good citizenship.
- 20. History is useful in the world of work.
- 21. ROLES OF HISTORY ● It gives lessons that can be used to make sense of the present. ● Great past can inspire people to keep their good practices to move forward.
- 22. Traditional historians mantra: “no document, no history” Alexis de Tocqueville • It means that unless a written document can prove a certain historical event, then it cannot be considered as a historical fact.
- 23. ● Restricting historical evidence as exclusively written is also discrimination against other social classes who were not recorded in paper. ● Nobilities, monarchs, elites and even the middle class would have their birth, education, marriage and death as matters of government and historical record.
- 24. ● Does the absence of written documents about them mean that they were people of no history or past? Question:
- 25. QUESTIONS AND ISSUES IN HISTORY 1.What is history? 2. Why study history? 3.And history for whom?
- 26. HISTORIOGRAPHY ● It is the history of history. ● It covers how historians have studied and developed history including its sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches.
- 27. POSITIVISM Is the school of thought that emerged between the 18th and 19th century. This thought requires empirical and observable evidence before one can claim that a particular knowledge is true.
- 28. POST- COLONIALISM ● Is the school of thought that emerged in the early 20th century when formerly colonized nations grappled with the idea of creating their identities and understanding their societies against the shadows of their colonial past.
- 29. TwoThings in Writing History: ● 1. Tell the history of their nation that will highlight their identity free from that colonial discourse and knowledge. 2. To criticize the methods, effects, and idea of colonialism.
- 30. HERODOTUS • “Father of History” • was the first writer to do systematic investigation of historical events.
- 33. PRIMARY SOURCES ● It provide the original materials on which other research is based and enable students and other researchers to get as close as possible to what actually happened during a particular event or era.
- 34. Are those sources produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being studied PRIMARY SOURCES
- 35. EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES Autobiographies, Memoirs, diaries personal letters and correspondence, interviews, surveys, emails, blogs, photographs, drawings magazines, newspapers, audio recordings, artifacts and government documents.
- 36. Are those sources produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material SECONDARY SOURCES
Editor's Notes
- #23: Question: sa isang relasyon, maniniwala ka ba kaagad sa nasagap mong masa