History of Architecture and Human Part-1
- 1. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE HISTORY OF ART & ARCHITECTURE -2 SEMESTER-2
- 2. URBAN SOCIOLOGY Lec #2 GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
- 3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES •Origins of Gothic Architecture •History of the region •Materials •Techniques •Distinct elements
- 4. Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century When? Gothic Architecture began towards the end of Romanesque architecture. It heralded many changes in design and appearance of churches, both inside and out. Why? There was a need to progress in the development of building design. There was a desire to reach perfection in the buildings and this perfection was to resemble Gods relationship with the universe.
- 5. Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century Where? It began in France. By the end of the 12 Century it reached England and later on the rest of Europe.
- 6. Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century
- 7. History of Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century • flourished during the high and late medieval period • known during the period as Opus Francigenum ("French work") • began in mid-18th-century England, spread through 19th-century Europe and continued, largely for ecclesiastical and university structures, into the 20th century. • Grew out of Romanesque architecture • Called Gothic by people during the Renaissance who viewed Gothic as being crude and backward like the Goths who invaded Rome
- 8. Characteristics of Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century Gothic architecture outside 1. Pointed arches 2. very linear 3. Tall and slender in appearance 4. Very decorative The overall pointed look was for the church to appear that it pointing towards God and the Heavens.
- 10. Characteristics of Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century A. Pointed arches Unlike the Romanesque style, these arches are pointed. They point up towards the Heavens, as does the whole appearance of Gothic architecture. B. Flying buttresses These were attached to the outside walls of the church. They gave extra support to the roof and the thinner walls. They took the weight of the roof away from the walls.
- 12. Characteristics of Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century What did it look like inside? Gothic architecture inside • Bright and airy • High ceilings • Very decorative • Lots of windows • Stained glassed windows. • Pointed arches. • Vertical and slender in appearance.
- 13. Characteristics of Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century What did it look like inside? Ribbed vaults Pointed arches “Ribs” were the extra support in the vaults. The roof and support system consisted of ribbed vaults.
- 14. Characteristics of Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century What did it look like inside? What were the results and effects of ribbed vaults? a) They discovered that if they used ribs in their vaults the ribs would support much of the weight of the roof. The areas in between the ribs could be filled with much lighter stone than that had been used in the Romanesque barrel vaults. b) b) If the ribs were capable of taking the weight of the roof there was no need for thicker walls, therefore the walls became thinner, another difference from the Romanesque churches.
- 15. Characteristics of Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century What did it look like inside? What were the results and effects of ribbed vaults? c) As there is not as much pressure on the walls to support the roof (ribbed vaults and the flying buttresses support the weight), there is an opportunity of adding more windows. Therefore the churches became brighter and airier. d) Due to the support of the ribs and the buttresses builders could afford to make the roof higher. Less weight – less likely to collapse. Another difference from Romanesque architecture.
- 16. Characteristics of Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century Stained Glass Gothic architecture gradually abolishes the gallery and aisle and increases the size of the window. These windows are high enough, almost to be used as the walls. The stained glass, covered with religious stories which help to illustrate the doctrines to illiterate people is of high artistic achievement. There are two main colors, blue and red. Blue symbolizes the heaven and red symbolizes the blood of Christ. The stained glass creates a mysterious but brilliant scene, which express people’s longing for the kingdom of heaven.
- 17. Characteristics of Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century Pointed Arch It is simply known as the Gothic Arch and was reconstructed from cylindrical vault of Roman architecture. There are four stones at the end of the arch supporting the power from the top so that the height and the span of the arch are no longer restricted and the arch can be made as large and high as possible.
- 18. Characteristics of Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century Gargoyles Gargoyles came into gothic architecture in the early 13th century and are defined as "a waterspout, projecting from an upper part of a building to throw water clear of walls or foundations." Gargoyles are frightening and intimidating sculptures - perfect for the likes of great Lords and Kings who built elaborate fortresses and castles in order to crush and intimidate the indigenous population.
- 20. Characteristics of Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century Flying Buttress Buttress, also known as kongfuduo, is a supporting facility to share the pressure from the main walls. It has been largely used in Roman Architecture. The original buttress was solid and covered by the roof. However, the buttress with Gothic style is exposed out to be known as flying buttress. Due to the further requirements of the height, the role and appearance of buttress have been greatly enhanced. It is coved with complicated decorates and elaborate carvings.
- 21. Construction techniue of Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century Beam-Column Many columns, no longer simple round, come together and emphasize the vertical lines, which makes the whole architecture to form an organic whole with simple lines and grand appearance.
- 22. Gothic Architecture 12 Century – 16 Century Regional Differences • French Gothic architecture • English Gothic architecture • Germany architecture • Spanish architecture • Italian architecture
- 27. Questions ?? or comments.. Thank you for joining in