History of graphics design.
- 1. History of graphics design. Adrianna Woszczynska, 305575
- 2. 15,000 - 10,000 BC The first known visual connection with photographs and symbols in the Lascaus caves in the southern france.
- 3. 3600 BC The blau movement, the oldest artifact known to combine words and pictures ever.
- 4. 105 AD Chinese government official Tsiai Lun or Cai Lun credited in inventing paper.
- 5. 1450 Gutenberg credited with [perfecting the system for printing type in books.
- 6. 1460 Alberecht Pfister was the first to add illustration to a printed book.
- 7. 1470 Nicholas Jenson, considered one of the history’s greatest typeface designers created the new standard font for roman type.
- 8. 1760 Industrial revolution begins, setting the stage for advances in graphic design.
- 9. 1816 First sans serif font makes a subtle entrance as one line of a book. A beggining to one of the most popular fonts.
- 10. 1880 Development of halftone screen allows for first photo printed with a full range of skills.
- 11. 1916 Dada movement. George Grosz, Hannah Hoch, Kurt Schwitters, Marx, Ernst, Marcel Duchamp, Andre Breton, Hans Arp. Dada was an art movement formed during the First World War in Zurich in negative reaction to the horrors and folly of the war. The art, poetry and performance produced by dada artists is often satirical and nonsensical in nature.
- 12. 1917 The art movement called De Stiji, Dutch for “The style” was on the rise. De stiji movement embraced an abstract, pared-down aesthetic centered in basic visual elements such as geometric forms and primary colours. Led by painters Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian. De stiji artists turned their attention not only to fine art media such as painting and sculpture, but virtually all other art forms as well, including industrial design, typography, even literature and music.
- 13. 1919 The Bauhaus, a German school is founded, eventually providing the framework for modern design. Most influencial modernist art school of the 20th century, one whose approach to teaching, and understanding art’s relationship to society and technology, had a major impact both in Europe and the United States long after it closed. Included artists like; Wassily Kandinsky, Josef Alverts, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Paul Klee and Johannes itten, architects Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and a designer Marcel Breuer. Creativity and manufacturing were drifting apart, and the Bauhaus aimed to unite them once again, rejuvenating design for everyday life. It has led to the 'fine arts' being rethought as the 'visual arts', and art considered less as an adjunct of the
- 14. 1919 Constructivism movement originated in Russia. El Lissitzky, Alexander Rodchenko, Vladimir Taltin, Naum Gabo. Constructivism was an artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beggining 1919 by Vladimir Tatlin. This was a rejection of the idea of autonamous art. He wanted to “construct” art. The term “construction art” was first coined by Kasmir Malevich in reference to the work of Aleksander Rodchenko. Graphic Design in the constructivism movement ranged from the production of product packaging to logos, posters, book covers and advertisements.
- 15. 1932 Stanley Morison oversees design of Times New Roman font, commissioned by the Times of London. Times New Roman is serif typeface commissioned by the British newspaper The Times in 1931, created by Victor Lardent. It was commissioned after Stanley Morison of the English branch of printing equipment company Monotype criticised the Times for being badly printed and typographically antiquated.
- 16. 1932 Stanley Morrison oversees design of Times New Roman font commissioned by the Times of London.
- 17. 1947 Swiss design: Armin Hofmann, Emil Ruder. Use of sans-serif typography, grids and asymmetrical layouts. Combination of typography and photography as a means of visual communication. The primary influencial works were developed as posters, which were seen to be the most effective means of communication.
- 18. 1950 The New York School: Paul Rand, Alexey Brodovich, Henry Wolf, Herb Luvalin, George Lois. The term New York School usually refers to both the younger Abstract Expressionists sometimes also known as 2nd generation Abstract Expressionists and artists directly influenced by this movement.
- 19. 1956 Paul Rand designs IBM logo using City Medium typeface.
- 20. 1957 Max Miedinger designs Neue Haas Grotesk font, later renamed Helvetica. Max Miedinger was a Swiss typeface designer. He was famous for creating the Neue Haas Grotesk typeface in 1957 which was renamed Helvetica in 1960. Marketed as a symbol of cutting-edge Swiss technology, Helvetica went global at once. Between 1926 and 1930 Miedinger trained as a typesetter in Zürich, after which he attended evening classes at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Zürich.
- 21. 1960 Pop art; Pentagram design: Colin Forbes, Theo Corsby: Scandinavian Designer: Alvar Aalto.
- 23. Chip Kidd Based in New York, Chip Kidd is best known for his stunning book jackets – most notably for seminal publishing house Alfred A. Knopf. Kidd has worked for writers such James Elroy, Micheal Crichton and Neil Gaiman (amongst many others). Jurassic Park is one of his most notable book covers, and in his 2005 monograph he explained the thinking behind it: "When trying to recreate one of these creatures, all anyone has to go on is bones, right? So that was the starting point... Not only was the drawing integrated into the movie poster, it became the logo in the film for the park itself. I think it's safe to say that the Jurassic Park T-Rex became one of the most recognisable logos of the 1990s.” Rob Janoff Rob designed the Apple logo. Janoff masterminded possibly the most famous mark in the world today while at ad agency Regis McKenna back in 1977. And although it’s been tweaked, the basic form has remained the same ever since – a testament to its simplicity and longevity (and it was created in only two weeks). Back in 2013, Janoff told us that the idea of an apple with a bike taken out of it was “really a no- brainer”. He continued: “If you have a computer named after a piece of fruit, maybe the image should look like the fruit? So I sat for a couple of weeks and drew silhouettes of apples.
- 24. Peter Saville Peter Saville is best-known for his record sleeve designs for Factory Records artists – think Joy Division and New Order (Unknown Pleasures, Transmission, Blue Monday and more). But his sleeve work spans five decades – Saville is one of the most prolific record designers of all time; if not the most prolific. But the Manchester-born designer’s work doesn’t stop at sleeve design. In 2004 he became creative director of the City of Manchester; has worked with fashion’s elite including Jil Sander and Stella McCartney; and in 2010 he designed the England football home kit. Michael Bierut There aren’t many more design agencies that are more respected than Pentagram – and becoming a partner is one of the ultimate design accolades. Designer and educator Bierut has been a partner for 27 years now and has won hundreds of design awards (he’s also got permanent work in MoMA). Before Pentagram, Bierut worked for 10 years at Vignelli Associates. The designer's projects at Pentagram include identity and branding for Benetton, the New York Jets, Walt Disney and design work on Billboard magazine. This is of course, just a small slice of his sprawling portfolio. Bierut is also a senior critic in graphic design at the Yale School of Art. Check out his Monograph – How To – published by Thames & Hudson in 2015.