History Of Personal Computers
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The document traces the history of personal computers from manually operated abacus in the 12th century to modern electronic computers. It discusses early mechanical counting machines invented by Pascal and Leibniz. In 1890, Herman Hollerith developed the first electromechanical machine using punched cards to tabulate the US Census faster. The first modern electronic computer without mechanical parts, ENIAC, was developed in 1946. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the 1950s, integrated circuits were invented in the 1960s, and microprocessors placed computing power in the hands of individuals and small businesses in the 1970s, launching the era of microcomputers.
History Of Personal Computers
- 1. HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTERS
- 2. MANUALLY OPERATED DEVICES The Abacus – aids in counting Chinese perfected in 12 th Century
- 3. MECHANICAL DEVICES 1642 – Pascal designed first gear-driven counting machine Called Pascaline – principle behind adding machines for 300 years Used series of interlocking wheels and gears to add and subtract First attempt to make tax collection easier
- 4. MECHANICAL DEVICES CONT’D 1670 – German mathematician Leibniz invented calculator Improved Pascal’s design by adding “crank” on side that simplified repetition 1834 – English mathematician Babbage proposed an “Analytical Engine” Unique design never built Ability to calculate and store numbers
- 5. ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES 1890 – Herman Hollerith, Census Bureau employee perfected machine that tabulated census figures using punched cards Simple count performed in 6 wks and full statistical data in 2 ½ years Started company called Tabulating Machine Company, later would become International Business Machines (IBM)
- 6. ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES CONT’D 1944 – Mark I built by IBM Used combination of electronic signals and mechanical gears to add and subtract large numbers Most elaborate electromechanical computer ever built
- 7. ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS 1946 – Mauchly and Eckert developed the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) First computer without mechanical parts Used electronic switching devices called vacuum tubes Made ENIAC 1000 times faster than Mark I
- 8. ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS CONT’D 1950’s – the transistor replaced the vacuum tube in computers Accomplished same work but smaller and faster More reliable and not replaced as often
- 9. ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS CONT’D 1960’s – the integrated circuit, (chip) Thin slice of photosensitive silicon, smaller than a dime Microscopic circuits inscribed upon it
- 10. ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS CONT’D 1970’s – Microprocessor was invented Multiple functions on a single chip Computers within reach of small businesses and individuals Revolution began with manufacturers building complete computer systems called MICROCOMPUTERS THEN ALONG CAME STEVE JOBS AND BILL GATES - “The Pirates of Silicon Valley”