HLPR3001 - Module 11 (2022)
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This document discusses healthy public policy and related concepts. It defines public policy as purposive courses of action by governments to achieve outcomes. Healthy public policy aims to create supportive environments that enable healthy living and make health choices easier. It also discusses the importance of cross-sector partnerships and stakeholder engagement to address complex health issues. Analyzing stakeholders' knowledge, positions, interests, resources, power and leadership is key to developing effective policies.
![Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Module 11: Healthy Public Policy
Health Partnerships, Politics and Power
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Types of policy
Policy for advocacy
Position statements or declarations developed as lobbying
tools by interest groups or non-government organisations
(i.e. AHPA, AFAO, ANF, AMA, PHAA, CAHA, WACOSS).
May have limited political power (organisation itself cannot
implement it) but may have authoritative power (influential
and evidence-based [or not]).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hlpr3001module112022-220928020849-17573bdf/85/HLPR3001-Module-11-2022-4-320.jpg)
HLPR3001 - Module 11 (2022)
- 1. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Health Partnerships, Politics and Power HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY Louise Francis
- 2. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Overview Types of policy Public policy Health in All Policies Stakeholders and partnerships
- 3. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Types of policy Organisational Policy Administrative decision-making resulting in protocols or guidelines for routine matters, quality assurance or accreditation. Developed by organisations and include: • Staffing policies such as equal opportunity, diversity, anti-discrimination, bullying and harassment • Guidelines for practice such as health promotion or counselling services within community health services • Protocols such as those in hospitals for universal precautions or safe waste disposal
- 4. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Types of policy Policy for advocacy Position statements or declarations developed as lobbying tools by interest groups or non-government organisations (i.e. AHPA, AFAO, ANF, AMA, PHAA, CAHA, WACOSS). May have limited political power (organisation itself cannot implement it) but may have authoritative power (influential and evidence-based [or not]).
- 5. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Types of policy Public Policy Address public issues identified by governments as priorities for action and detail the course for action. Sometimes also called strategies (i.e. National Health Strategy), action plans (i.e. National Action Plan for Alcohol) or frameworks.
- 6. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J What is public policy? (Bridgman & Davis, 2004) A bill states policy but may not pass parliament A white paper states government policy intentions but these may not be realised A ministerial statement might be policy, or it might just be one view on the way to the government forming a position Election platforms describe a political party’s intentions, but do they state the policy of the resulting government? Is it ‘policy’ when departmental activities proceed without explicit statement of intent, continuing from government to government, never exciting public interest or political scrutiny?
- 7. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Public policy is… “…deciding at any time and place what objectives and substantive measures should be chosen in order to deal with a particular problem, issue or innovation. (Dimock et al. in Colebatch, 1993) “A statement of government intent, and its implementation through the use of policy instruments.” (Althaus et al. 2007)
- 8. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Public Policy A purposive course of action pursued by those in government to achieve an outcome The decisions that direct public resources in one direction but not another Is the outcome of the competition between ideas, interests and ideologies that impels the political system
- 9. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Types of Policies: Lowi’s 1964 typology (Palmer and Short 2010) Regulatory policies: relate to the imposition of restrictions on the behaviour of individuals or groups. Self-regulatory policies: permits organisations to operate according to their own standards; precludes government regulations Distributive policies: relate to the provision of services or benefits to particular segments of the population Redistributive policies: are characteristic of the welfare state; are deliberate efforts on the part of governments to change the distribution of income, wealth, property, or rights between groups of the population.
- 10. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Healthy Public Policy… “Healthy public policy is characterized by an explicit concern for health and equity in all areas of policy and by an accountability for health impact. The main aim of health public policy is to create a supportive environment to enable people to lead healthy lives. Such a policy makes health choices possible or easier for citizens. It makes social and physical environments health-enhancing. In the pursuit of healthy public policy, government sectors concerned with agriculture, trade, education, industry, and communications need to take into account health as an essential factor when formulating policy. These sectors should be accountable for the health consequences of their policy decisions. They should pay as much attention to health as to economic considerations.” (WHO, 1988)
- 11. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Flashback: What is a ‘wicked problem’? ‘Wicked Problems’ – an issue highly resistant to resolution (Rittel & Webber, 1973) Complex public policy issues Beyond the scope of a single organisation Disagreement about the causes and solutions Often involves large scale behaviour change
- 12. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J The tangles of policy complexity Productivity Commission 2010, Strengthening Evidence Based Policy in the Australian Federation, Volume 1: Proceedings, Roundtable Proceedings, Productivity Commission, Canberra.
- 13. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Health in All Policies “Health in All Policies is an approach to public policies across sectors that systematically takes into account the health implications of decisions, seeks synergies, and avoids harmful health impacts in order to improve population health and health equity.” “It improves accountability of policymakers for health impacts at all levels of policy-making. It includes an emphasis on the consequences of public policies on health systems, determinants of health and well-being.” The Helsinki Statement on Health in All Policies, 2013
- 14. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Health in All Policies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-KBg6qVAsI
- 15. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Health in All Policies and the SDGs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5edACNwIQw
- 16. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Activity 11.1: Healthy Public Policy 1. Why is working across sectors so important for public health? 2. Pick one of the following sectors and provide some reflections and specific examples of how public health is impacted by decisions made within this sector: • Agriculture • Criminal justice • Housing • Transport
- 17. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Partnerships… A shared commitment, where all partners have a right and an obligation to participate and will be affected equally by the benefits and disadvantages arising from the partnership.
- 18. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Partnerships by any other name… Alliance Network Coalition Cooperative Collective Joint venture Association
- 19. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Partnership types (Vichealth, 2011) Networking: Exchange of information for mutual benefit. Coordinating: Exchange of information for mutual benefit and altering activities for common purpose. Cooperating: Exchange of information for mutual benefit, altering activities and sharing resources for mutual benefit and a common purpose. Collaboration: Exchange of information for mutual benefit, altering activities and sharing resources for mutual benefit and a common purpose whilst enhancing the capacity of the other partner.
- 20. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J What are stakeholders? Individuals or groups that have an interest or a ‘stake’ in the issue of concern or policy approach.
- 21. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Stakeholders can be: consumers (i.e. general public or specific segment of population) political (i.e. legislators, politicians, local government) public sector (i.e. government departments) commercial (i.e. individual businesses or corporate interest groups) labour (i.e. unions, professional associations) non-profit (i.e. non-government organisations,) civil society (i.e. grassroots community groups or advocates) international (i.e. international organisations that administer treaties or agreements)
- 22. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J What do we want to know about them? Knowledge Position Interest Alliances Resources Power Leadership
- 23. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Knowledge The level of accurate knowledge the stakeholder has regarding the issue under analysis, and how each stakeholder defines the issue in question. This is important for identifying stakeholders who oppose or support the reforms due to misunderstandings or lack of information.
- 24. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Position Whether the stakeholder supports, opposes, or is neutral about the issue, which is key to establishing whether or not he or she will block policy implementation.
- 25. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Interest The stakeholder’s interest in the issue, or the advantages and disadvantages that implementation of the reforms may bring to the stakeholder or his or her organisation. Determining the stakeholder’s vested interests helps to better understand his or her position and address his or her concerns.
- 26. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Alliances Organisations that collaborate with this stakeholder to support or oppose the reforms. Alliances can make a weak stakeholder stronger, or provide a way to influence several stakeholders by dealing with one key stakeholder.
- 27. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Resources The quantity of resources (human, financial, technological, political, and other) available to the stakeholder and his or her ability to mobilise them. This is an important characteristic that will determine the level of force with which the stakeholder might support or oppose the reforms.
- 28. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Power The ability of the stakeholder to affect the implementation of the reforms.
- 29. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Leadership The willingness to initiate, convoke, or lead an action for or against the reforms. Establishing whether or not the stakeholder has leadership will help to target those stakeholders who will be more likely to take active steps to support or oppose the reforms (and convince others to do so).
- 30. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Discussion: stakeholder analysis 1. Select a topic: Obesity, Alcohol or Tobacco 2. Select ONE policy to implement to help address this health issue (outside of the healthcare system) 2. Identify 10 stakeholders relevant to the topic/policy Select stakeholder/s and complete the analysis against Knowledge Position Interest Alliances Resources Power Leadership
- 31. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Activity 11.2: Public Health Coalitions Some examples of public health coalitions in Australia include: Climate and Health Alliance http://www.caha.org.au/ National Alliance for Action on Alcohol http://actiononalcohol.org.au/ Obesity Policy Coalition http://www.opc.org.au/ Choose one and provide an overview including: 1. Who are the participating organisations? 2. What is the core purpose of the coalition? 3. What strategies does the coalition use to influence change (with particular reference to the chapters by Laverack)?
- 32. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Key concepts Public policy Health in All Policies Partnerships
- 33. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Next week Advocating for a healthy future Social movements, advocacy and activism Final reflections
- 34. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Module 11: Healthy Public Policy Health Partnerships, Politics and Power Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Questions & comments
- 35. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulation 1969 WARNING This material has been copied and communicated to you by or on behalf of Curtin University of Technology pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice