HN313 Library Lecture Jan 26
- 1. LIBRARY RESOURCES & SEARCH TIPS Jamie Dwyer Research Coach (aka Librarian) jamied@uic.edu
- 2. Objectives • Navigate to appropriate library resources • Distinguish between types of scientific literature • Use criteria to evaluate an information source • Apply keywords to search PubMed effectively • Describe the basics of AMA Style • Explain the value of citation management software
- 3. Audience Question: How can I find resources for Nutrition research? Lion
- 6. Useful Research Guides for HN313 • Nutrition: http://researchguides.uic.edu/hn • Public Health: http://researchguides.uic.edu/publichealth • Epidemiology and Statistics: http://researchguides.uic.edu/epidemiology • Health Sciences Gateway: http://researchguides.uic.edu/healthsciences
- 7. Research “Cycle”: Ideal Develop topic Locate resources Evaluate information Cite sources
- 8. Research “Cycle”: Actual Develop topic Locate resources Evaluate information Cite sources The research process is iterative; it’s okay to adjust your topic as you go and to do these steps non-sequentially, as long as all steps are completed. Developing a strong topic after some initial searching helps minimize the overlap.
- 9. Types of Information: Quality
- 11. Types of Information Sources • Scholarly vs Popular Periodicals (Vanderbilt video) Scholarly Popular Authors are ‘experts’, credentialed w/affiliations Authors are journalists Multiple authors 1-2 authors Peer review No peer review “Boring” Flashy covers Few/no advertisements Advertisements Bibliography No bibliography Specialized vocabulary Written for general audience Lengthy Usually 1-5 pages Journals Magazines, Newspapers
- 12. Scholarly vs. Popular Examples The Scientific 7-Minute Workout Reynolds, Gretchen New York Times HIGH-INTENSITY CIRCUIT TRAINING USING BODY WEIGHT Klika, Brett C.S.C.S., B.S.; Jordan, Chris M.S., C.S.C.S., NSCA-CPT, ACSM HFS/APT American College of Sports Medicine Health & Fitness Journal Effects of Dietary Composition During Weight Loss Maintenance: A Controlled Feeding Study Cara B. Ebbeling, PhD, Janis F. Swain, MS, RD, Henry A. Feldman, PhD, William W. Wong, PhD, David L. Hachey, PhD, Erica Garcia-Lago, BA, & David S. Ludwig, MD, PhD Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) The Eye-Opening Truth About Protein Plosser, Liz Fitness Magazine
- 13. Debate Assignment Example • Which side (Pro or Con) has included more scholarly work? (Live Poll)
- 14. Health Sciences Literature: Primary • Based on original experiments • Researcher/author- affiliated • Abstract, Intro, Study design/Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion • Bibliography • Peer-reviewed From quiz: “A study which tests a hypothesis based on systematic observation and data collection.”
- 15. Health Sciences Literature: Secondary • Synthesized information from original experiments • Researcher/author- affiliated • “Review” • Focused question • Bibliography • Peer-reviewed • Literature Review From quiz: “Summarize, synthesize, and evaluate what the scientific community has discovered about a specific topic or question.”
- 16. Primary & Secondary Literature • Primary (original materials by researchers) • Original research articles- Clinical trial reports, cohort studies, case series • Theses, conference proceedings/papers, reports, patents • Secondary (interpretation/evaluation/synthesis) • Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, evidence summary, practice guidelines
- 17. Tertiary Literature • Provides an overview of key research findings • Good for background information • Don’t often include substantial in-text citations but sometimes have a bibliography • Usually written for a more general audience (popular) • Examples include: • Textbooks • Encyclopedias • Magazines, Newspapers
- 18. Levels of Evidence (& Meta Analyses)
- 19. Debate Assignment Example The following is from the reference list for the Pro side: Contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health: a systematic review and analysis. Nutrition Reviews • Would you consider this to be primary, secondary, or tertiary literature? (Live Poll)
- 20. Debate Assignment Example The following is from the reference list for the Pro side: In Defense of Farm Subsidies Stone Soup • Would you consider this to be primary, secondary, or tertiary literature? (Live Poll)
- 21. Reading Scientific Literature 1. Develop a question 2. Skimming is okay first pass! 3. Abstract, Intro, Conclusion, Figures 4. Methods, Discussion 5. Read over more closely 6. Evaluate quality of study Three methods: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SmOq6gENPM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SKxm2HF_-k0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEVftUdfKtQ
- 22. Reading Scientific Literature Questions to ask as you read critically: • What is the argument/thesis? • Are the methods appropriate to answer the question being asked? • Was the study completed effectively? • What answers did the researchers find? Are these findings presented accurately? • How does this fit into your research question?
- 23. Evaluation Criteria C.R.A.A.P. • Currency • Relevance • Authority • Accuracy • Purpose CSU-Chico Tutorial CSU-Chico Handout The 5 W’s • Who • What • When • Where • Why • (How)
- 24. CRAAP Handout Activity • Looking at one of the two articles you have, work with a partner to work through the list for Accuracy & Purpose. • Jot down any concerns you have or any strengths you see in the article.
- 25. Grey Literature
- 26. Grey Literature The Fourth International Conference on Grey Literature (GL '99) in Washington, DC, in October 1999 defined grey literature as follows: "That which is produced on all levels of government, academics, business and industry in print and electronic formats, but which is not controlled by commercial publishers.” http://www.greylit.org/about
- 27. Finding the Data • Government Websites • Census Bureau, BLS, USDA, DHHS, CDC • State of Illinois, Cook County DPH • Healthy People 2020, National Nutrition Monitoring & Related Research Program • Professional Organizations • Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics, American Cancer Society • WHO, FAO (UN)
- 28. Finding the Data: Policy Tracking CDC Chronic Disease State Policy Tracking System CQ: Congressional Quarterly Researcher Urban Institute Health Policy Center Additional resources on HN Guide: Policy Resources
- 29. Searching the Literature • Topic development • Too narrow? Too broad? • Keywords • Key search terms, synonyms • Search strategy • Types of information sources? Where to look? • Evaluation • CRAAP test (Currency, Relevancy, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose)
- 30. Library Quiz Review: Keywords What is the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of lung cancer? Best answers: dietary patterns, lung cancer Tricky keywords: relationship, risk Other tricky keywords: impact, effect/effective, increase, decrease, connection, outlook, matter, comparison
- 31. Audience Question: How can I keep track of my search terms? Monkey
- 32. Use a table to organize issues & terms Key Issues: Text messaging Appointment reminders Patient no-shows Related terms: Technology Appointment notification Missed appointment SMS (short messaging systems) Automated reminders Check-up Cellular phone Patient communication Exam Mobile phone Scheduling Preventive/preventative care Telecommunication Phone call Physician visit Voice message Doctor visit Postal mail Clinic appointment Medical care Sample Research Question: “Is text messaging an effective way to provide appointment reminders to reduce patient no-shows?”
- 33. Where to look • Who would be researching/writing about this topic? (Industry, government, professional organizations, academic researchers…) • What types of information would be useful? (Statistics, policy, guidelines, research articles, newspaper articles) • Use the HN Research Guide to access relevant databases/ information resources.
- 34. Citation Databases • Index citations (and some full text) of journal articles, books, newspapers, trade journals, etc. • ProQuest, EBSCOHost are platforms that include many databases within them • When in doubt, read the descriptions & Ask a Librarian if you get stuck! • What about Google Scholar? • Does not index all journal articles on the internet. Many are behind paywalls and do not live on the “open web.” • Can be useful in identifying useful research articles, particularly for multi- or interdisciplinary topics. • Not a one-stop shop. No single database should be searched! • Start at Library Website for full text.
- 35. Pre-test review • If you were looking for scholarly journal articles on the relationship between dietary patterns and risk of lung cancer, which databases would you consult? • Best Answers: • PubMed (Over 24 million MEDLINE citations) • CINAHL (Nursing & Allied Health) • EMBASE (Great for drug information, scope beyond US) Other top mentions: • JSTOR (Some health sciences journals, best as ‘archive’) • Academic Search Complete (Multidisciplinary, good for overview)
- 36. Controlled vocabulary • “Preferred” terms unique to each database • Thesaurus, Headings, Terms, Vocabulary • Standardize terminology across all articles • Nursing vs. Breastfeeding • Social Media vs. Internet • Kneecap vs. Patella • Articles are indexed (“tagged”) with subject headings to help you determine relevancy.
- 37. Boolean Basics diet exercise OR Diet OR ExerciseDiet AND Exercise AND diet exercise Diet NOT Exercise NOT diet exercise • Searching with AND combines terms. It gives you results that satisfy both search terms (only where the two overlap). Some databases use + for AND. • Searching with OR “means more”! It gives you everything available for each term, including when they overlap. Some databases use | for OR. • Searching with NOT excludes an entire term, including any overlap between terms. Some databases use – for NOT.
- 38. Combining Concepts: FOIL (exercise OR physical activity) AND (diet OR nutrition) (exercise AND diet) OR (exercise AND nutrition) OR (physical activity AND diet) OR (physical activity AND nutrition)
- 39. Social media OR Facebook OR Internet Quit smoking OR smoking cessation OR substance use High school/ college students OR young adults OR teenager(Social media OR Facebook OR Internet) AND (Quit smoking OR smoking cessation OR substance use) AND (High school students OR college students OR young adults OR teenagers)
- 40. Database Searching Tools • Keyword vs. Controlled Vocabulary Your term/database term, often “subject headings.” Mix & match. • Limits/Filters Year published, language, study type, age groups, etc. • Related Citations “If you like this you might also like this” suggestions from databases. • Reference Lists Resources used by ideal article; articles citing ideal article
- 41. Searching PubMed • (Sample Search.) • Search Details Box • MeSH/ keywords • Find it @ UIC • Topic Specific Queries (Healthy People 2020 filters) Library website Health Sciences
- 42. Audience Question: How can I be sure I’ll get full-text articles at home? Leopard Start at Library Website
- 43. Getting Full Text • Click on “View Full Text”- UIC has online access! • Login with netID if prompted. Click on from your database.
- 44. Getting Full Text Click on from your database. • UIC does not have online access • Scroll down to request through Interlibrary Loan
- 45. Interlibrary Loan (ILLiad) • Click on “Library of the Health Sciences- Chicago
- 46. Interlibrary Loan (ILLiad) • Login or create an account to submit your request
- 47. Interlibrary Loan (ILLiad) Most requests are filled in 3-5 business days! If we have a journal in print, it’s fastest for you to walk over and scan the article.
- 48. AMA Basics • References are numbered based on when they appear in text. • Abbreviate & italicize journal names using NLM abbreviations • DOI is preferred over URL in an article reference • Basic article format: Author(s). Title. Journal Name. Year;vol(issue No.):inclusive pages. doi:10.2165/11534430 • Basic website format: Author(s) (or if no author, organization name). Title (or if no title, organization name). Name of the website. URL. Accessed Month 01, 2000. More: UIC Library AMA page, including link to the complete online manual
- 49. Organize & Cite your sources • As you search, save citations • Build a bibliography • Check for accuracy
- 50. Audience Question: Is there a tool that can help me manage & format my references? Tiger
- 51. Stay organized: Citation managers • RefWorks, Zotero, EndNote • Save article citations & build bibliographies • Library help: http://researchguides.uic.edu/refworks
- 52. RefWorks (Beta) Demo • Organize citations • Annotate PDFs • Build bibliographies • Plug-in for Word & Google Docs for in-text citations • Drag & drop PDFs • Library help: http://researchguides.uic.edu/refworks
- 53. Need Help? There’s a lot more information about library resources and searching! I’ll be back on February 4th, but you can also: • Contact Jamie (jamied@uic.edu) AHSB Room 232, Tuesday afternoons • Drop by the library (at Polk & Wood) • Watch a tutorial or attend an online workshop
- 54. THANK YOU! Jamie Dwyer Research Coach (aka Librarian) jamied@uic.edu Please complete evaluations on your way out!