Homeopathy Introduced

Editor's Notes

• #5: Hippocrates- 450–380 BCEFather of MedicineMandrake Root- Cause ManiaSmall amounts cured"Natural forces within us are the true healers of disease"---Paracelsus 1493-1541Pioneer of pharmacology“What makes a man ill also cures him“New Properties of Drugs
• #9: A holistic therapeutic system means Homeopathic Medicine individualizes the choice of medicines to a particular remedy, according to the patient’s physical, emotional and mental symptoms. This notion of Homeopathic Medicine aligns this system with the WHO standards in health.
• #12: a. Founder of Homeopathic Medical SystemHahnemann was the man of logic who discovered Homeopathic Medicine while he was already left practicing Allopathic Medicine. This departure from Allopathic Medicine was due to the disadvantages and lack in the system to cure. He discovered Homeopathic Medicine in 1796 the 18th century and became father of Homeopathic Medicine. (See the Annex A for Biography)b. Organon Of Medicinei. Aphorismatic Styleii. Whole Fundamentalsiii. Philosophical Backgroundsiv. Methodology v. Special Instructions vi. Homeopathic Medicine Pharmacy vii. Drug Proving c. MateriaMedicaPurai. Drug provingii. Symptomatologyiii. Actions on human body and organsiv. Collected and composed by Dr. Hahnemannv. All are noted by the provers, indexed properly in sequence, from most important to less important, rare, uncommon, strange, unusual symptoms etcvi. Information collected about the action of medicines, proved on human body d. Chronic Diseasesi. Miasma Theory ii. Introduced to three miasma Psora, Sycosis, Syphilisiii. Cause of chronic illnessiv. Treatment of this conditionv. Selecting Anti-psoric, Anti-sycotic, Anti-syphilitic medicines e. Lesser Writings i. Articles during his period of an allopathic physicianii. Works related with the chemistry and translationsiii. Directions for curing old sores & indolent ulcersiv. Exact mode of preparation of soluble mercuryv. Pharmaceutical Lexicon (German name of drugs are used)
• #17: PreventionHomeopathy has also proven itself invaluable in preventing illness.  In  the 1957 polio epidemic in Buenos Aires, the homeopathic remedy Lathyrus was given to thousands of people. Not one case of polio was reported in these individuals.In a 1974 epidemic of  meningicoccal meningitis in Brazil, 18,640 children were given a homeopathic remedy for prevention. Only 4 cases of meningitis occurred in these children.In the smallpox epidemic of 1902 in Iowa, the homeopathic remedy Variolinum was given preventively to 2,806 patients of 15 doctors. The protection rate was 97%.Source:http://hpathy.com/abc-homeopathy/what-is-homeopathy-definition-and-details/
• #19: Sources of Homeopathic Medicine1. Animal Kingdoma. Phylum PoriferaCalcispongiae - Badiaga: Fresh water sponge (Skeleton) Spongiatosta: Common sponge (Skeleton) b. Phylum CoelenterataScyphozoa - Medusa: Jelly-fish (Whole living animal)Hydrozoa - Physalia: Portuguese man-of-war (Whole living animal Anthozoa - Coralliumrubrum: Red coral (Skeleton)c. Phylum AnnelidaHirudineae - Sanguisuga: Hirudo, the leech (Whole living animal)d. Phylum MolluscaGastropoda - Helix tosta: Toasted snail (Whole living animal) - Murex purpurea: Purple-fish (Juices)Bivalvia - Calcareacalcinata: Calcinatedoystershell (Shell) - Pectin: Scallop (Shell)Cephalopoda - Sepia: Cuttle fish (Juice) - Eel serum (Serum)e. Phylum EchinodermataAsteroidea - Asteriasrubens: Star-fish (Whole living animal)f. Phylum ArthropodaCrustaceaArmadillo officinalis: Sow bug, Sow louse (Whole dried animal)Astacusfluviatilis : Crawfish or River crab (Whole living animal)Homarus: Lobster (Digestive fluid)Limulus cyclops: King crab (Blood)Scolopendra: Centipede (Whole living animal)g. Phylum ArthropodaArachnidaAraneadiadema: The Cross spider (Whole living animal)Latrodectus katipo: Poison spider (Whole living animal)Latrodectusmactans: Black widow spider (Whole living animal)Mygalelasiodora: Black Cuban spider (Whole living animal)Scorpio europus: Scorpion (Whole living animal)Tarentulacubensis: Cuban spider (Whole living animal)Tarentulahispanica: Spanish spider (Whole living animal)Theridioncurassavicum: Orange spider (Whole living animal)h. Phylum Arthropoda - InsectaApismellifica: Honeybee (Whole living animal)Blattaorientalis: Indian cockroach (Whole dried animal)Cantharis: Spanish fly (Whole dried animal)Cimexacanthia: Bedbug (Whole living animal)Coccinella: Ladybird beetle (Whole living animal)Coccus cacti: Cochineal insect (Whole dried animal)Culexmusca: Culex mosquito (Whole living animal)Formica rufa: The Ant (Whole living animal)i. PiscesSerum anguillarichthotoxin: Eel serum (serum)Gadusmorrhua: Cod (First cervical vertebra)Oleumjecorisaselli: Cod-liver oil (Oil) Pyrarara: River fish (nosode) (Whole living animal)j. AmphibiaBuforana: Toad (poison)k. LizardsAmphisbaena vermicularis: Snake-like Lizard (Poison)Heloderma: Gila monster (Poison)Lacertaagilis: Green Lizard (Whole dried animal)Ophidia (Snake Poison)Bothropslanceolatus: Yellow viper Cenchriscontortrix: Copperhead snake Crotalushorridus: North American RattlesnakeElapscorallinus: Brazilian Coral snakeLachesistrigonocephalus: SurukukuNajatripudians: Indian hooded snakeToxicophis: Moccasin snakeVipera: Common Viperl. AvesCalcareaovitestae: Egg-shell (Shell)Ovigallinaepellicula: Fresh membrane of shell of a Hen's egg (Shell)m. MammaliaCarboanimalis – made from charred ox hide.Castor equi – Rudimentary thumbnail of horse.Castroreum – Tincture of secretion found in preputial sacs of beaver.Feltauri – Trituration of ox gall.Ingluvin – Gizzard of a fowl.Mephatis – Alcoholic dilution of the liquid contained in the anal gland of Skunk.Moschus – trituration of inspissated secretion contained in preputial follicles of Musk deer.Pulmovulpis – fresh lung of wolf or fox.n. Lacs(Milk & Milk Products)Koumyss: Fermentation from ass's milkLac caninum: Bitch's milkLac defloratum: Skimmed cow's milk Lac felinum: Cat's milk Lac vaccinifloc: CreamLac vaccinum: Cow's milkLac vaccinumcoagulatum: Curds2. Mineral Kingdoma. MetalsArgentum met; Aurum met; Bismuthum; Cuprum met; Ferrum met; Indium; Iridium; Manganum; Niccolum; Osmium; Palladium; Platinum; Plumbum met; Rhodium; Stannum met; Tellurium; Thallium; Titanium.b. Inorganic acidsAcidumboracicum; Acidumhydrobromicum; Acidumhydrofluoricum; Acidummuriaticum; Acidumnitricum; Acidum nitro muriaticum; Acidumphosphoricum; Acidumsulphuricumc. InorganicCalcareaarsenicum; Calcareabromatum; Calcareacarbonicun; Calcareafluorata; Calcareahypophosphorosum; Calcareaiodatum; Calcarealacticaphosphorica; Calcareamuriaticum;; Calcareaphosphoricum; Calcareapicricum; Calcareasulphuratum; Heparsulphuris; Lapis albusd. OrganicAethylnitrosum; Amylenumnitrosum; Anilinum; Atropinum; Benzenum; Camphora; Carboneumsulphuratum; Chloralum; Chloroformum; Formalin; Glonoinum; Glycerinum; Indigo; Iodoformum; Menthol; Methylene blue; Naphthalinum; Paraffinum; PetroleumPixliquida; Propylamine; Sulphanilamide; Sulphonal; Thiosinaminum; Thymolum; Trinitrotoluene; Urea; Uric acid.Adamas; Aethiopsantimonalis; Anthracite; Anthrakokali; Antipyrinum; Benzoaris; Eupionum; Fluorspar; Graphites; Hekla lava; Ichthyolum; Kaolin; Kerosolenum; Kreosotum; Mica; Slag; Tetradymite.e. Mineral springsCarlsbad: The waters of the Sprudel and Muhlbrunnen springs.Levico: An arsenical mineral water of South TyorolSanicula: A mineral spring water of Ottawa, Ill., U.S.A. Skookum Chuck: SkookumLimechen Chuck Lake.Vichy: Mineral springs at Vichy, France [Grande-Grille springs}.Wiesbaden: The spring at Wiesbaden, in Prussia.3. Vegetable Kingdom (Plant Kingdom)a. WHOLE PLANTWithout roots - Alfalfa, Lobelia inflata, Ocimum sanctum, Ranunculus sceleratusWith roots - Aconitum napellus, Aethusacynapium, Arnica montana, Belladonna, Chamomilla, Chelidoniummajus, Conium, Drosera, Dulcamara, Euphrasia, Hyoscyamus, Hypericum, Ledumpalustre, Pulsatilla, Rutagraveolens, Spigelia, Stramoniumb. ROOTSFresh : Arum triphyllum, Bryonia albaDried : Ipecacuanha, RatanhiaAerial : FicusindicaRoot & rhizome : Aletris farinosec. STEMSFlowering stem: Cactus grandiflorusStem with leaves: Clematis erecta, SabinaRhizome: Gelsemium, Helleborus, Podophyllum, Sanguinariacanadensis, Veratrum album, VeratrumvirideCorm: Colchicum autumnale, Crocus sativusBulb: Alliumcepa, Alliumsativumd. LEAVESDried: Coca, Eucalyptus, Tabacum, GymnemasylvestreFresh: Digitalis purpurea, Rhustox, Justiciaadhatida, Kalmia latifolia, Ficusreligiosae. YOUNG SHOOTSAsparagus officinalis, Pinussylvestrisf. FLOWERSFlower bud: PrunusspinosaStigma: Crocus sativusFlowering heads (with leaves): Calendula, Eupatorium perfoliatumFlowering heads (without leaves): Cannabis sativa, cina, Melilotus alba, Solidagog. SEEDSFresh : Avena sativa, Cucurbitapepo, Ignatia, SyzygiumjambolanumDried: Cocculusindicus, Coffeacruda, Nuxmoschata, Nuxvomica, Sabadilla, Staphysagria, Carduusmarianus.h. BARKFresh outer bark: Abies Canadensis, Salix nigra, Viburunumopulus, Dried outer bark: Cinchona, Mezereum, CondurangaInner bark: Cinnamomum, Fraxinus Americana, PrunusvirginianaFresh bark of root: Baptisiatinctoria, Berberisvulgaris, HamamelisDried bark of root: GossypiumBark of root and stem: RobiniaBark of trees: Azadhirachtaindica, Jonosiaasoka, Terminaliaarjunai. FRUITS Fresh fruits (berry) – Agnuscastus, Crataegus, SabalserrulataFresh leaves and berries – Viscum albumDried fruits (Nuts) - AesculusglabraPulp – Carica papayaJuices : Aloe socotrina (Inspissated juice of leaves), Opium (gummy juice of poppy), Anacardiumoccidentale (black oily juice of shell). Resins: Abiesnigra, GuaicumGum-resins: AsafoetidaBalsams : BalsamumperuvianumVolatile oils: Oleumsantali, Oleum gaultheriaFixed oils : Oleumcrotonis, OleumricinisAlkaloids : Atropine, Morphine, NicotinumGlycosides : Digitalinj. CRYPTOGAMIAThallophyta : Algae – Fucusvesiculosus Fungi - Agaricusmuscarius, Bovista, Secalecor, Ustilago Lichen – StictapulmonariaBryophyta: - PolytrichumjuniperinumPteriophyta: – Lycopodium (Spore), Equisetum hymale4. Impondribillia- Immaterial 'dynamic' energies that are utilized as potentized homoeopathic medicines. (Aphorism 286, 6th edition, Organon of Medicine)a. Natural source Luna - moon's rays Sol - sun's raysMagnetispoli ambo – the magnetMagnetispolusarcticus – North Pole of magnetMagnetispolusaustralis – South Pole of magnetb. Man-made sourceX-rayElectricitas – Atmospheric & static Galvanismus – galvanism5. NosodesHomoeopathic preparations from pure microbial culture obtained from diseased tissue and clinical materials (secretions, discharges, etc.) are known as NOSODES. CLASSIFICATION OF NOSODESN-I - Made from lysates of microorganisms capable of producing bacterial endotoxins. Eg. TyphoidinumN-II - Made from microorganisms capable of producing exotoxinEg. DiptherinumN-III - Made from purified toxins.N-IV - Made from microorganisms / viruses / clinical materials from diseased subjects eg. PsorinumAnthracinum – Anthrax poison, prepared from spleen of sheep or cattle.Carcinosinum – Cancerous tissueDiphtherinum – Diphtheric membraneMedorrhinum – Urethral discharge from acute gonorrhoeaPsorinum – Itch eruptionSyphilinum – Syphilitic lesion – Primary or Secondary.a. Plant NosodesSecalecornutum - Fungus growing upon seed of ergot ryeUstilagomaydis - Fungus growing on stem of Indian cornNectrianinum - Nosode of cancer of tree (Nectriaditissima)b. Other NosodesAmbraGrisea - Morbid secretion from liver of sperm whale. It is extracted from rectum and found floating on sea.Boletus Laricis - prepared from dried fungus purging Agaric / Larch Boletus.Cholesterinum– prepared from gall stone.Calculus renalis – prepared from renal calculus.Hippomanes – prepared from a sticky mucoid substance of urinousodour found in the amniotic fluid of the mare.Malaria officinalis – Prepared from mire taken during dryness of a malarial marsh.Malandrinum – lysate from exudates of horse malandra (grease) – discharge of eczema in the fold of the knee.Morbillinum – from exudates of mouth and pharynx of measles of infected patients.O.A.N – synovial fluid of articulations especially knee and hip of osteoarthritis patients.Pyrogenum – prepared originally from decomposition of meat of beef.Usneabarbata – prepared from lichen infecting soft maple.Vaccinonum – prepared from the lymph of cow pox.Variolinum – lysate obtained from the serosity of smallpox pustule.c. CarcinosinsEpitheliomine – extract of epithelioma.Schirrinum - Carcinoma schirrus (Stomach)Carcinocin - Hepatica metastat.Carcinocinadenovesica – papillary adenocarcinoma of bladder.Carcinosinpulmonale – pulmonary cancer.d. TuberculinumsTuberculinum avis – prepared from Mycobacterium tuberculosis aviare.Tuberculinumbovinum – prepared from the pus of tuberculosis abscess in animal.Tuberculinum Koch – culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosisBacillinum Burnett – from the sputum of tuberculosis patients containing the bacteria.Bacillinumtestium prepared from the testicle of tuberculosis patient.e. Bowel NosodesMorgan (Bach) - Morgan Pure- Morgan GaertnerProteus MutabileBacillus no.7GaertnerDysentery-coSycotic-coFaecalis6. SarcodesSarcodes are preparations from the secretions of healthy organisms, healthy animal tissues and secretions. ThyroidinumAdrenalinePituitarumposteriumCortisoneAdrenocorticotrophinInsulinPepsin OrchitinumOophorinumPancreatinumCholesterinumFeltauriVulpisfelColostrum7. TautopathicCompounds synthesized, that have found a place in allopathic system of medicine, are potentized, proved on healthy provers and administered on the Similia principle. This category of drugs is termed as ‘synthetic’. ExamplesAspirinChloramphenicolChlorpromazinumCorticotrophinHistamine hydrochlorideMannitolPenicillin8. Collection & Preservation of Plant Drugs – a. WHOLE PLANT: In flowering season, when partly in flower and partly in bud during sunny weatherb. ROOTS: ANNUALS: Early in autumn. BIENNIALS: In the spring of the second year.PERENNIALS: In the second or third year, before they develop woody fibers.STEMS: After development of leaves.c. WOOD: In early spring or late in autumn before the juices are not exhausted. d. BARKS: RESIN: In early spring, at the time of development of leaves and blossoms.NON-RESIN: Late in autumn from young vigorous trees. e. HERBS: When they are fully developed, should be cut just above roots.f. LEAVES: g. Just before and during early part of flowering time. Leaves of biennial plants are collected in spring of second year as soon as flowering stems begin to shoot. TWIGS: Of present year's growth only.h. FLOWERS: Partly in bud and partly in blossom, in dry weatheri. BULBS: As soon as they mature when the leaves begin to decayj. FRUITS AND SEEDS: When they are fully riped. Succulent fruits, seeds or berries should be used while fresh. Only dried fruits, seeds or berries may be stored in well closed glass container.9. Phytochemistry – active principles of plant drugsThe active principles of a drug are the potent constituents of the drug that is individual to the drug and are responsible for the pharmacodynamic action of the drug.a. GLYCOSIDESGlycosides are non-reducing organic substances. They are colourless, crystalline or amorphous solid substances soluble in water and alcohol. The name of all glycosides ends in ‘in’.Digitalis - digitoxin, digoxin, digitalinMezereum - daphin.Cinchona - quinovin.Aesculushippocastanum - aesculetinRutagraveolens - rutin.Thujaoccidentalis - thujin, thujetin, thujenin.b. TANNINSTannins consist of complex, organic, non- nitrogenous, phenolic compounds of high molecular weight. They possess the property to 'tan', i.e. to convert hide and skin into leather. Hydrolyzable tannins: Rheum, HamamelisCondensed tannins: Cinnamon, CinchonaPseudotannins: Nuxvomica, Ipecacuanhac. RESINSResins are plant exudates, except shellac or lac, which the lac-insect prepares from plant juices. Resins associated with volatile oil are called oleo-resins. Resins in association with both volatile oil and gum are called oleo-gum- resins. If the resins contain benzoic acid and / or cinnamic acid and / or their esters, they are called balsams.Gum-resins - AsafoetidaLignan - Podophyllum: podophyllotoxind. ALKALOIDSAlkaloids are organic nitrogenous substances, more or less alkaline in action and are the secondary metabolites of a plant. Belladonna: atropine, apoatropineStramonium: hyoscyamine, hyoscine.Cinchona: quinine, quinidine, cinchonineIpecacuanha: emetineOpium: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverineSecalecornutum: ergometrine, ergotamineNuxvomica: strychnine, brucineConium maculatum: coniineAconitum napellus: aconitine, benzoylaconineColchicum autumnale: colchicinee. VOLATILE OILSVolatile oils are odorous constituents of plants. They are liquid and volatile with a characteristic smell. They are characteristic of certain orders such as Labiatae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Piperaceae and Zingiberaceae. Menthapiperita : Peppermint oilCamphora : CamphorNuxmoschata : Nutmeg oilEucalyptus : Eucalyptus oilSantalum album : Sandalwood oilf. FIXED OILS, FATS AND WAXESFixed oils and fats, obtained from plants, differ only as regards their melting point but chemically they belong to the same group. If a substance is liquid at 15.5° to 16.5°, it is called fixed oil and if it is solid or semi-solid at the above temperature, it is called fat. Ricinuscomunis: Castor oilCroton tiglium : Croton oilHydnocarpus : Hydnocarpus oil10. Collection & Preservation of Animal KingdomVenoms are obtained from serological laboratories and are quickly dry-freezed and preserved in glycerin.Elapscorallinus : The venom is collected by compressing a butter-plate against the fangs or by letting the snake bite through a cloth covering a wide-mouth bottle.a. Lachesis: The living snake is stunned with a blow; the venom is then collected on sugar of milk by pressing the poison fang upwards against the bag.Crotalushorridus, Najatripudians, Vipera :Venom is procured by compressing the gland when the serpent is either pinioned in a frame or under the influence of chloroform.b. Buforana:The live animal is fastened to a slab of cork by four strong pins stuck through the webs of the feet. The poles of an induction apparatus in action are slowly drawn over the back of the animal, whereupon the poison very soon issues from the dorsal glands.c. Cantharis:In May or June when the insects swarm upon the trees, they are collected in the morning at sunrise, when they are torpid from the cold of night and easily let go their hold.. Person with their faces protected by masks and their hand with gloves shakes the tree or beat with poles. The insects are collected as they fall upon linen cloths spread underneath. They are then exposed in sieves to the vapour of boiling vinegar and having been thus deprived of life, are dried in the sun or in apartments heated by stoves.Homoeopathic Vehicles and BasesHomoeopathic vehicles are material agents that are therapeutically inert, having no curative properties of its own, as well as chemically non-reactive with drug substances. They are a media for extraction of the properties of the drug, its preservation and conveyance of the properties of the drug to the intended site of action.Classification of homoeopathic vehiclesSolid vehicles – Sugar of milk Cane sugarGlobules and PilulesPelletsConesTabletsLiquid vehicles - Distilled water AlcoholGlycerin Solvent etherSyrup simplex Olive oilAlmond oil Almond oilSesame oil Chaulmoogra oilCoconut oil Sandalwood oilLavender oil Rosemary oilSemi-solid vehicles-Paraffin: Hard Paraffin; Soft Paraffin [Yellow soft paraffin, White soft paraffin];Liquid ParaffinBeeswax: Yellow beeswax; White beeswaxLanolin Spermaceti Prepared lardIsinglassSoap: Hard soap; Soft soap; Curd soap,Starch Vehicles for preparation of mother tincture, mother solution, mother substance-AlcoholDistilled waterGlycerinSolvent etherSugar of milkVehicles for potentization-Sugar of milkAlcoholDistilled waterVehicles for dispensing of Homoeopathic medicines-Globules, PilulesConesTabletsSugar of milkDistilled waterSyrup simplexVehicles as bases for external applications-Distilled water AlcoholGlycerin Olive oilAlmond oil Sesame oilChaulmoogra oil Coconut oilSandalwood oil Lavender oil Rosemary oil Paraffin Beeswax Lanolin Spermaceti Prepared lardIsinglass Soap Starch13. Saccharumlactis(saccharum lactose, sugar of milk)Chemical formula: C12H22O11, H2OMolecular weight: 360.3 Source: goat's milkStapfs process of purification of saccharum lactose (John Ernst Stapf) Steps 450gm. sl +2 liters of boiling water filter using filter paper filtrate+ 2 liters of absolute alcohol keep for 3-4 days crystals deposits add some alcohol to crystallized mass and wash in purified water crystals are diluted by pouring through filter paper and kept airtight .Stable in air, but readily absorbs odors.1gm is soluble in 5ml of water; in 2.6ml of boiling water; very slightly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether.Its solution is neutral to litmus.Impurities are Starch, Cane sugar, Acid radical, Alum, Chloride, Phosphates, and Copper.14. Globules are prepared from pure cane sugar (pharmaceutical grade of cane sugar / sucrose) with globule making pan or pill tubes.It is sometimes made with 80% sucrose and 20% lactose.Molecular weight – 342.3Colour: whiteShape: uniform and perfectly globular Size: Size numbers 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80 are generally called pilules. The smaller sizes are called globules.Consistency: not be too soft or too hardOdor: odorlessTaste: sweet, as it is made from cane sugarSolubility: entirely soluble in waterDispensing of homoeopathic potencies as well as placebo. For preservation of homoeopathic medicines.Globules are to be kept in airtight bottles and kept away from moisture.The globules retain their medicinal value for many years, if protected against sunlight and heat.Impurities are Flavour, Starch, Glucose, Glycerin, Talc, Chalk, Kaolin, Antioxidants, inorganic & whitening agents.Pellets are small, sterile cylinders about 3.2 mm diameter by 8mm in length that are formed by compression from medicated masses. In Homoeopathy, it is a synonym for globule. 15. Cones - Source - Cane sugar and egg albumin Conical in shape Size - by the diameter of base in millimeter; common size - 6For preservation of medicines for a long time.16. Tablet -source Pure refined sugar of milk. Prepared by tablet punching machine.Shape: discoid, round with flat or convex faceSize: In size of 1grain or 65 mgConsistency: softer than globulesLactose content – not less than 94%Binder – not exceeding 3%w/wLubricant – not exceeding 3% w/wInsoluble matter – not exceeding 5% w/wDisintegration time – with in 5 minutes.Ash value – 0.5% w/wTablets serve as solid dosage forms for dispensing of homoeopathic medicines.17. Distilled WaterSynonym: Purified water; Aqua distillata; Aqua purificataChemical symbol: H2OMolecular weight: 18.015Prepared by Compression distillation – using Leibigs condenser (Small scale).Purification by Stills – Conventional Stills & Multiple effect Still.Deionization- Cation exchangers (Zeokarb 225, Amberlite IR 120 resin) Anion exchangers (Amberlite IR 400, DeAcidite FF, Zeolite FF resin)Specific gravity – 1.000 at 25C.Boiling point – 100CFreezing point – 0C pH - 5.8 – 7 Impurities – Acidity or Alkalinity, iron, lead, Ammonia, Chloride, Sulphate, CalciumFor preparation of aqueous mother solutions according to Class VA and Class VB.It is used to convert solid trituration potency into a liquid potency for succussions. To prepare mother solution for LM scale.18. Ethyl Alcohol. Synonym: Ethanol; Spirit of Wine; Chemical symbol: C2H5OHMolecular weight: 46.07 Prepared byDistillation of fermented liquids containing carbohydrates or by synthesis. It contains not less than 94.7%v/v or 92.0%w/w and not more than 95.2%v/v or 92.7%w/w of ethyl alcohol.Usable carbohydrate -containing materials include molasses, sugarcane, beetroot, grapes, fruit juices, corn, barley, wheat, rice, maize, potato, wood and waste sulphite liquors. Impurities in alcohol are acid, fusel oil, water, methyl alcohol.Varieties of Alcohol:Absolute alcohol – Prepared by dehydration of rectified spirit with fresh quick lime or by distillation of rectified spirit, mixed with little benzeneContains not less than 99.4%v/v or 99%w/w of ethyl alcohol. Specific gravity – 0.795.It is used in Stapf process for the purification of sugar of milk.Dispensing alcohol –Prepared by diluting 947ml of strong alcohol to 1000ml with purified water Contains 91.4%v/v (limit 91.0 to 92.0%v/v) of ethyl alcohol Specific gravity: 0.8289 to 0.8319 Dispensing alcohol is used for making most of the dilutions from tinctures, in Centesimal and Decimal scale, preparation of potencies of fifty millesimal scale and conversion of solid triturations into liquid potencies.Dilute alcohol – Prepared by diluting 632ml of strong alcohol to 1000ml with purified water.Contains 60%v/v (limit 59.5% to 60.5%v/v) of ethyl alcohol Specific gravity: 0.9139 to 0.9169After conversion of solid trituration, 6X potency to 8X in the liquid form, the next higher potency 9X is prepared with dilute alcohol (HPI).Dilute alcohol is used to prepare 1X and 1C potencies from the mother tincture prepared according to Old Hahnemannian Method, prepare evaporating lotions and cleansing of utensils.Proof Spirit - It is legally defined as being a spirit, which at a temperature of 51oF shall weigh exactly 12/13th of weight of an equal measure of distilled water. Specific gravity: 0.91976 Contains 57.1% of ethyl alcohol by volume and 49.28% of ethyl alcohol by weight.Spirit of this strength is called 100% Proof Spirit. So 57.1% by volume of Spirit is equivalent to 100% Proof Spirit. Weaker spirits are termed as 'Under Proof - U.P.' and stronger spirits are termed as 'Over Proof - O.P.'. Conversion of % concentration to proof strength and vice versa20o OP = 120 / 1.75 = 68.57%60o OP = 160 / 1.75 = 91.42%10o UP = 90 / 1.75 = 51.4%91.42% = (91.42 X 1.75) - 100 = 60 i.e. 60 OP60% = (60 X 1.75) - 100 = 5 i.e. 5 OP40% = (40 X 1.75) - 100 = – 30 i.e. 30 UPRectified Spirit 60 O.P. means Pure Rectified Spirit containing 160 percent of Proof Spirit.Specific gravity: 0.829.Contains 91.29 % by volume of ethyl alcohol. 19. Glycerin - Chemical formula: CH2OH CHOH CH2OH or C3H8O3Molecular weight: 92.09Boiling point – 290CSpecific gravity – 1.26For the preservation of poisonous animal products and venom of snakes.For preparation of glyceroles and lotions.For preparation of mother tinctures of Apismellifica, Tarantula, etc.20. Solvent Ether- : (C2H5)2O – Mol Wt: 74.1221. Oils -Olive oil - Oleumolivae - A fixed oil obtained from ripe fruits of Oleaeuropea. Pale Yellow colour (green to greenish yellow), Spf. gr. – 0.910 – 0.913 at 20C.Almond oil - Oleumamygdalaeexpressum - : A fixed oil obtained from kernels of seeds of Prunusamygdalus.Pale yellow colour, Spf. gr - 0.910 – 0.915 at 20C.Sesame oil - Oleumsesami; Gingelly oil - : A fixed oil obtained from seeds of Sesamumindicum. Pale yellow colour, faint odour, Spf. gr - 0.916 – 0.921 at 20C.Chaulmoogra oil - Oleumchaulmoograe - A fixed oil expressed from fresh ripe seeds of Hydnocarpuskurzii or Hydnocarpuswightiana.Brownish yellow colour, rancid butter odour. Sandal wood oil - Oleumsantali-: A volatile oil obtained from dried heartwood of Santalum album Thick, pale yellow colour, strongly aromatic odour, Spf. gr - 0.973 – 0.985 at 20C.Lavender oil - Oleumlavendulae - : A volatile oil obtained from fresh flowering tops of Lavendulaofficinalis.Yellowish green colour, Spf. gr - 0.875 – 0.888 at 25C. Rosemary oil - : Oleumrosmarini - A volatile oil prepared from fresh flowering tops of Rosmarinusofficinalis. Pale yellow colour, characteristic odour of rosemary, Spf. gr - 0.894– 0.912 at 20C.
• #21: Homoeopathic Vehicles and BasesHomoeopathic vehicles are material agents that are therapeutically inert, having no curative properties of its own, as well as chemically non-reactive with drug substances. They are a media for extraction of the properties of the drug, its preservation and conveyance of the properties of the drug to the intended site of action.Classification of homoeopathic vehiclesSolid vehicles – Sugar of milk Cane sugarGlobules and PilulesPelletsConesTabletsLiquid vehicles - Distilled water AlcoholGlycerin Solvent etherSyrup simplex Olive oilAlmond oil Almond oilSesame oil Chaulmoogra oilCoconut oil Sandalwood oilLavender oil Rosemary oilSemi-solid vehicles-Paraffin: Hard Paraffin; Soft Paraffin [Yellow soft paraffin, White soft paraffin];Liquid ParaffinBeeswax: Yellow beeswax; White beeswaxLanolin Spermaceti Prepared lardIsinglassSoap: Hard soap; Soft soap; Curd soap,Starch Vehicles for preparation of mother tincture, mother solution, mother substance-AlcoholDistilled waterGlycerinSolvent etherSugar of milkVehicles for potentization-Sugar of milkAlcoholDistilled waterVehicles for dispensing of Homoeopathic medicines-Globules, PilulesConesTabletsSugar of milkDistilled waterSyrup simplexVehicles as bases for external applications-Distilled water AlcoholGlycerin Olive oilAlmond oil Sesame oilChaulmoogra oil Coconut oilSandalwood oil Lavender oil Rosemary oil Paraffin Beeswax Lanolin Spermaceti Prepared lardIsinglass Soap StarchSaccharumlactis(saccharum lactose, sugar of milk)Chemical formula: C12H22O11, H2OMolecular weight: 360.3 Source: goat's milkStapfs process of purification of saccharum lactose (John Ernst Stapf) Steps 450gm. sl +2 liters of boiling water filter using filter paper filtrate+ 2 liters of absolute alcohol keep for 3-4 days crystals deposits add some alcohol to crystallized mass and wash in purified water crystals are diluted by pouring through filter paper and kept airtight .Stable in air, but readily absorbs odors.1gm is soluble in 5ml of water; in 2.6ml of boiling water; very slightly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether.Its solution is neutral to litmus.Impurities are Starch, Cane sugar, Acid radical, Alum, Chloride, Phosphates, and Copper.14. Globules are prepared from pure cane sugar (pharmaceutical grade of cane sugar / sucrose) with globule making pan or pill tubes.It is sometimes made with 80% sucrose and 20% lactose.Molecular weight – 342.3Colour: whiteShape: uniform and perfectly globular Size: Size numbers 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80 are generally called pilules. The smaller sizes are called globules.Consistency: not be too soft or too hardOdor: odorlessTaste: sweet, as it is made from cane sugarSolubility: entirely soluble in waterDispensing of homoeopathic potencies as well as placebo. For preservation of homoeopathic medicines.Globules are to be kept in airtight bottles and kept away from moisture.The globules retain their medicinal value for many years, if protected against sunlight and heat.Impurities are Flavour, Starch, Glucose, Glycerin, Talc, Chalk, Kaolin, Antioxidants, inorganic & whitening agents.Pellets are small, sterile cylinders about 3.2 mm diameter by 8mm in length that are formed by compression from medicated masses. In Homoeopathy, it is a synonym for globule. 15. Cones - Source - Cane sugar and egg albumin Conical in shape Size - by the diameter of base in millimeter; common size - 6For preservation of medicines for a long time.16. Tablet -source Pure refined sugar of milk. Prepared by tablet punching machine.Shape: discoid, round with flat or convex faceSize: In size of 1grain or 65 mgConsistency: softer than globulesLactose content – not less than 94%Binder – not exceeding 3%w/wLubricant – not exceeding 3% w/wInsoluble matter – not exceeding 5% w/wDisintegration time – with in 5 minutes.Ash value – 0.5% w/wTablets serve as solid dosage forms for dispensing of homoeopathic medicines.17. Distilled WaterSynonym: Purified water; Aqua distillata; Aqua purificataChemical symbol: H2OMolecular weight: 18.015Prepared by Compression distillation – using Leibigs condenser (Small scale).Purification by Stills – Conventional Stills & Multiple effect Still.Deionization- Cation exchangers (Zeokarb 225, Amberlite IR 120 resin) Anion exchangers (Amberlite IR 400, DeAcidite FF, Zeolite FF resin)Specific gravity – 1.000 at 25C.Boiling point – 100CFreezing point – 0C pH - 5.8 – 7 Impurities – Acidity or Alkalinity, iron, lead, Ammonia, Chloride, Sulphate, CalciumFor preparation of aqueous mother solutions according to Class VA and Class VB.It is used to convert solid trituration potency into a liquid potency for succussions. To prepare mother solution for LM scale.18. Ethyl Alcohol. Synonym: Ethanol; Spirit of Wine; Chemical symbol: C2H5OHMolecular weight: 46.07 Prepared byDistillation of fermented liquids containing carbohydrates or by synthesis. It contains not less than 94.7%v/v or 92.0%w/w and not more than 95.2%v/v or 92.7%w/w of ethyl alcohol.Usable carbohydrate -containing materials include molasses, sugarcane, beetroot, grapes, fruit juices, corn, barley, wheat, rice, maize, potato, wood and waste sulphite liquors. Impurities in alcohol are acid, fusel oil, water, methyl alcohol.Varieties of Alcohol:Absolute alcohol – Prepared by dehydration of rectified spirit with fresh quick lime or by distillation of rectified spirit, mixed with little benzeneContains not less than 99.4%v/v or 99%w/w of ethyl alcohol. Specific gravity – 0.795.It is used in Stapf process for the purification of sugar of milk.Dispensing alcohol –Prepared by diluting 947ml of strong alcohol to 1000ml with purified water Contains 91.4%v/v (limit 91.0 to 92.0%v/v) of ethyl alcohol Specific gravity: 0.8289 to 0.8319 Dispensing alcohol is used for making most of the dilutions from tinctures, in Centesimal and Decimal scale, preparation of potencies of fifty millesimal scale and conversion of solid triturations into liquid potencies.Dilute alcohol – Prepared by diluting 632ml of strong alcohol to 1000ml with purified water.Contains 60%v/v (limit 59.5% to 60.5%v/v) of ethyl alcohol Specific gravity: 0.9139 to 0.9169After conversion of solid trituration, 6X potency to 8X in the liquid form, the next higher potency 9X is prepared with dilute alcohol (HPI).Dilute alcohol is used to prepare 1X and 1C potencies from the mother tincture prepared according to Old Hahnemannian Method, prepare evaporating lotions and cleansing of utensils.Proof Spirit - It is legally defined as being a spirit, which at a temperature of 51oF shall weigh exactly 12/13th of weight of an equal measure of distilled water. Specific gravity: 0.91976 Contains 57.1% of ethyl alcohol by volume and 49.28% of ethyl alcohol by weight.Spirit of this strength is called 100% Proof Spirit. So 57.1% by volume of Spirit is equivalent to 100% Proof Spirit. Weaker spirits are termed as 'Under Proof - U.P.' and stronger spirits are termed as 'Over Proof - O.P.'. Conversion of % concentration to proof strength and vice versa20o OP = 120 / 1.75 = 68.57%60o OP = 160 / 1.75 = 91.42%10o UP = 90 / 1.75 = 51.4%91.42% = (91.42 X 1.75) - 100 = 60 i.e. 60 OP60% = (60 X 1.75) - 100 = 5 i.e. 5 OP40% = (40 X 1.75) - 100 = – 30 i.e. 30 UPRectified Spirit 60 O.P. means Pure Rectified Spirit containing 160 percent of Proof Spirit.Specific gravity: 0.829.Contains 91.29 % by volume of ethyl alcohol. 19. Glycerin - Chemical formula: CH2OH CHOH CH2OH or C3H8O3Molecular weight: 92.09Boiling point – 290CSpecific gravity – 1.26For the preservation of poisonous animal products and venom of snakes.For preparation of glyceroles and lotions.For preparation of mother tinctures of Apismellifica, Tarantula, etc.20. Solvent Ether- : (C2H5)2O – Mol Wt: 74.1221. Oils -Olive oil - Oleumolivae - A fixed oil obtained from ripe fruits of Oleaeuropea. Pale Yellow colour (green to greenish yellow), Spf. gr. – 0.910 – 0.913 at 20C.Almond oil - Oleumamygdalaeexpressum - : A fixed oil obtained from kernels of seeds of Prunusamygdalus.Pale yellow colour, Spf. gr - 0.910 – 0.915 at 20C.Sesame oil - Oleumsesami; Gingelly oil - : A fixed oil obtained from seeds of Sesamumindicum. Pale yellow colour, faint odour, Spf. gr - 0.916 – 0.921 at 20C.Chaulmoogra oil - Oleumchaulmoograe - A fixed oil expressed from fresh ripe seeds of Hydnocarpuskurzii or Hydnocarpuswightiana.Brownish yellow colour, rancid butter odour. Sandal wood oil - Oleumsantali-: A volatile oil obtained from dried heartwood of Santalum album Thick, pale yellow colour, strongly aromatic odour, Spf. gr - 0.973 – 0.985 at 20C.Lavender oil - Oleumlavendulae - : A volatile oil obtained from fresh flowering tops of Lavendulaofficinalis.Yellowish green colour, Spf. gr - 0.875 – 0.888 at 25C. Rosemary oil - : Oleumrosmarini - A volatile oil prepared from fresh flowering tops of Rosmarinusofficinalis. Pale yellow colour, characteristic odour of rosemary, Spf. gr - 0.894– 0.912 at 20C.
• #22: · SuccussionLiquids are diluted (with water or ethanol) and shaken by ten hard strikes against an elastic body ("succussion"), to get the next, higher potency. A principle of homeopathic Medicine, the efficacy of a remedy can be enhanced by "dynamization" or "potentization". According to Homeopathic Medicine, it is the structure of the water that is altered carrying the medicinal power to the body as a vehicle.The succussion (shaking) between each liquid dilution is described in the Organon § 270 as ‘strong succussions with the hand against a hard but elastic object e.g. a leather bound book.’ The number of shakes given to each dilution changed as Hahnemann developed his methods. He began with ten shakes then reduced to two then went back to ten later in his life when giving remedies in liquid form only. The LM potencies involve 100 succussions and are mentioned in the last (6th) edition of the Organon. Modern pharmacopoeias do not specify the number to use although the early British (1870) and American (1882) clearly give 10 strokes as a guide.· TriturationTrituration is the solid equivalent of liquid dilution and succussion using lactose as the inert solid diluent. The original method detailing this method is best described in MateriMedicaPura under Arsenicum. The original text is as follows: “In order to prepare this dose, one grain of white arsenic reduced to powder, is rubbed up with 33 grains of powdered milk-sugar in a porcelain mortar (unglazed) with an unglazed pestle for 6 minutes, and the triturated contents of the mortar is scraped for 4 minutes with a porcelain spatula, then rubbed a second time, without any addition to it for 6 minutes. and again scraped for 4 minutes. To this 33 grains of milk-sugar are now added, triturated for 6 minutes and after another 4 minutes of scraping, 6 minutes of triturating and again 4 minutes of scraping, the last 33 grains of milk sugar are added, triturated for 6 minutes, scraped for 4 minutes and again triturated for 6 minutes, whereby, after a last scraping, a powder is produced which, in every grain, contains 1/100th of a grain of uniformly potentised arsenic. A grain of this powder, is in a similar way with 33 grains of fresh milk sugar, in one hour (36 minutes of triturating, 24 minutes of scraping) brought into the state of potentisedpulverulent attenuation, one hundred times more diluted. Of this one grain (containing 1/10,000 the of a grain of arsenic) is rubbed up for a third hour in a similar manner with 99 grains of milk sugar: This represents an arsenic dilution of one part in a million. One grain of this is dissolved in 100 drops of diluted alcohol (in the proportion of equal parts of water and alcohol) and shaken with two succussions of the arm (the vial being held in the hand). This gives a solution which diluted by means of 26 more phials (always one drop from the previous phial added to 99 drops of alcohol of the next phial, and then succussed twice, before taking one drop of this and dropping it into the next phial, furnishes the required decillionth (30th) potency.”For vegetable materials, salts and insoluble solids e.g Aurum Metallicum (gold metal), Arsenicum Album, Mercury Vivus (mercury metal) potentized by grinding with lactose is called Trituration.
• #24: · Potency NomenclatureCentesimal scale (1 in 100 dilution factor) 3c or 3cH (three serial dilutions of 1 in 100 = a solution equivalent of 1 part in a million Korsakov potencies, using a mechanised single vial method, are also 1 in 100 dilutions but are labelled with ‘K’ to distiguish them from Hahnemannian separate vial (hand) methods. e.g. 200K, 10MKDecimal scale (1 in 10 dilution factor)This was developed after Hahnemann by Constantine Hering, one of his students. The same methods are used but twice as many dilutions are made to reach an equivalent ‘c’ potency. This scale is commonly used on the continent for acute prescribing e.g. 6x or D6 (six serial dilutions of 1 in 10 = a solution equivalent of 1 part in a millionFifty millessimal scale (1 in 50, 000 dilution factor)This was developed at the end of Hahnemann’s life and was created in an attempt to create a more effective, non aggravating potency. it involves the wetting of a small granule to transfer a 500th of a drop from vial to vial and uses 100 succussions between each dilution. See Organon §270 for more details. e.g LM 1 or Q1 (quintimillesimal)High Potencies are part of the centessimal scale and were developed after Hahemann mainly by Dr J T Kent in America. they have always been made by automated dilution and succussion machines using the single vial Korsakov emptying and refilling method. These are prescribed in single doses with infrequent repetition, are deep acting and are not suitable for acute prescribing or self help. e.g. 1M = 1000c (i.e. it represents 1000 serial steps of 1 in 100) 10M = 10, 000c CM = 100,000c
• #28: Potencies are mainly dispensed in solid form but are also sometimes used in liquid (usually 20% ethanol) for oral use. Solid dosage forms are based on sucrose and lactose in various sizes. Efficacy is not affected by the form and it is chosen for the convenience of the patient. The dosage forms commonly used are as follows: Flat tablets (50% sucrose/50% lactose) are the most common and are quite hard, easily medicated (wetted) and can be sucked or chewed. They are most commonly used for adults. Pillules are usually made from pure sucrose, are hard but very soluble and easily medicated. Used for all ages except infants.Lactose Only Tablets, or Trituration Tablets are made from pressed lactose powder and are very quick dissolving. Very useful for all ages, animals but especially infants and small children as there is no risk of choking.Granules are tiny sucrose balls and are usually used for babies. Powders are individually wrapped lactose packets and are used for all ages when just a few doses only are prescribed.Liquid Remedies are very suitable for babies and animals but are preferred by some adults if there is sugar intolerance.Mother Tinctures are often prescribed either internally or externally and are taken in drop doses in water.Creams and Ointments are commonly used and contain mother tincture (3-5%) as the active ingredient in an aqueous or lanolin base.Injections or Ampoules are used in Homeopathic prescribing partly for the quicker action as long as blood circulates in body giving the remedy (active space?) so that to touch every nerve as it passes by. The injections are especially available for the psychic satisfaction of the patients too.
• #29: You may be wondering what kind of track record homeopathy has for treating serious diseases. A look at the past will establish that homeopathy has proven itself reliable and is often much more effective than conventional treatment.The worldwide influenza epidemic of 1918 killed 22 million people worldwide and 500,000 in the U.S. The death rate was 30% or higher for those treated conventionally, while homeopaths cured an amazing 98% of their cases!During the Cholera and Typhus epidemics in Europe from the 1860′s to early 1900′s, people using homeopathy had survival rates 50% or greater than those treated by conventional  medicine.In an epidemic of Typhus in Leipzig (1813), Dr. Hahnemann treated 180 cases of Typhus, losing only two patients. Mortality rates for conventional treatment were over 30%.During the cholera epidemic of 1849 in Cincinnati, with survival rates between 40 -52%, those treated by homeopathy had a 97% survival rate. These results were published in the local newspapers.
• #30: Homeopathy has also proven itself invaluable in preventing illness.  In  the 1957 polio epidemic in Buenos Aires, the homeopathic remedy Lathyrus was given to thousands of people. Not one case of polio was reported in these individuals.In a 1974 epidemic of  meningicoccal meningitis in Brazil, 18,640 children were given a homeopathic remedy for prevention. Only 4 cases of meningitis occurred in these children.In the smallpox epidemic of 1902 in Iowa, the homeopathic remedy Variolinum was given preventively to 2,806 patients of 15 doctors. The protection rate was 97%.
• #31: No way comparable to Conventional Medicine in quantityThough there has been research both by the Homeopathic Institutions and Allopathic vitro researchersClear indications of success in treatmentEfficacy can be found from Cell Based to the Clinical researches
• #33: Cell Based ResearchPotentized Histamine ResearchThe specific purpose of this book is to test the “paradoxical” theory that homeopathic medicine has definite therapeutic effects, on the basis of scientific evidence.Nevertheless, most of the trials that the Advisory Board analyzed were conducted following an appropriate methodology and ended up with surprising results in favor of homeopathic remedies, both in terms of clinical activity and costs.Furthermore, a high benefit risk ratio, based upon the ability to produce a desirable effect with minimal side effects, was achieved quite exclusively by the non-allopathic remedies.In-Vitro ResultsWhen all the data were combined together, there was a statistically significant inhibition for the histamine containing solutions. Thus this multi-centre study indicated that high dilutions of histamine did indeed have biological effects.
• #56: Dr. F.S Hahnemann was an Allopathic doctorHomeopathic Principles and MedicineCurriculum equipped with Basic Sciences Adopted to the country it is taught inDegrees named the approximately the same way Homeopaths study even more subjects
• #59: موثر در موارد حاد و مزمن دشوار استرویکرد کل نگر به بیماری های انسانیک سیستم کامل پزشکیدرمان محفوظو نرم مناسب برای هر یک، مردان، کودکان و زنان حتی در دوران بارداریغیر سمی با هیچ عوارض جانبی مواد شیمیاییهیچ بیم اعتیادبهبود سلامت جسمی و روحی