![Cybernetics κυβερνήτης (kybernētēs) "steersman,
governor, pilot, or rudder"
“Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary[1] approach for exploring regulatory
systems, their structures, constraints, and possibilities. Cybernetics is
relevant to the study of systems, such as mechanical, physical, biological,
cognitive, and social systems. Cybernetics is applicable when a system
being analyzed is involved in a closed signaling loop; that is, where action
by the system generates some change in its environment and that change
is reflected in that system in some manner (feedback) that triggers a
system change, originally referred to as a "circular causal" relationship” -
Wikipedia
Cybernetics was borrowed by Norbert Wiener, in his book
"Cybernetics", to define the study of control and
communication in the animal and the machine](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xxx-pub-0000praesentationseday2014parametriceng-140902084045-phpapp02/85/Homonoids-Tools-and-Methodologies-An-Engineer-s-Reality-Check-15-320.jpg)
![Homeostatis ὅμοιος, "hómoios", "similar",[1] and στάσις,
stásis, "standing still"[](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xxx-pub-0000praesentationseday2014parametriceng-140902084045-phpapp02/85/Homonoids-Tools-and-Methodologies-An-Engineer-s-Reality-Check-18-320.jpg)
![Homeostatis ὅμοιος, "hómoios", "similar",[1] and στάσις,
stásis, "standing still"[
“…is the property of a system in which
variables are regulated so that internal
conditions remain stable and relatively
constant. Examples of homeostasis include the
regulation of temperature and the balance
between acidity and alkalinity (pH)” -
Wikipedia
People need security, they act in a way
that their situation does not change](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xxx-pub-0000praesentationseday2014parametriceng-140902084045-phpapp02/85/Homonoids-Tools-and-Methodologies-An-Engineer-s-Reality-Check-19-320.jpg)
Homonoids, Tools and Methodologies – An Engineer’s Reality Check
- 1. Tools Homonoids, An Engineer’s Reality Check parametric.ch and Methodologies Andreas Koschak INCOSE/IEEE Member Copyright © 2014 Parametric Engineering GmbH Published and used by The SSSE and INCOSE with permission The author or assignee retains the copyright to the materials.
- 2. Short Summary Do we need Psychology to cope with Systems of Systems involving humans? How far «outside the box» should Systems Engineers think? “I'll be more enthusiastic about encouraging thinking outside the box when there's evidence of any thinking going on inside it.” Terry Pratchett
- 3. Our Field of Activity OEM Hardware & Software Systems PSoC Research & Development ASIC Technology Consulting FPG A ASSP Focus: Fast Development, Verification and Simplicity, also on System Level, mostly for industrial applications
- 4. What we see in our daily Business: Complexity Time to Market No peace of mind Organizational Change Worse than before
- 5. 5 Myth: «You cannot change the way you work when you’re in the middle of a project» You are ALWAYS in the middle of a project!
- 6. Increased Complexity - Possible Approaches: 1. Play Dead (=Reduce Functionality) 2. Let somebody «create Processes» 3. Implement fancy new Agile Methodology 4. Get more contractors 5. Replace middle management 6. Continuous Improvement (Kaizen) 7. Planned Innovation 8. New Mission Statement!
- 7. Our main Strategy You need to pick the PEOPLE up where they are and actively get THEM to make the change “To lead the people, walk behind them.” — Lao-Tzu
- 8. The mechanics of Change (Management) Assess SItuation Perform Change Analyze Results Looks easy, right?
- 9. Don’t forget the homonoid factor 1. They want to be important 2. Some of them are afraid of being fired 3. Some of them probably just don’t like you 4. Some of them are afraid of losing responsability 5. Some of them think they know it better -> Feedback?
- 10. Network Elements ANY Organization Large Hiercharchy (High Organogram) Noise gate Organizations with stressed management
- 11. Increased Complexity - Possible Approaches: 1. Play Dead (=Reduce Functionality) 2. Let somebody «create Processes» 3. Implement fancy new Agile Methodology 4. Get more contractors 5. Replace middle management 6. Continuous Improvement (Kaizen) 7. «Innovation» 8. New Mission Statement!
- 12. Agile = Continuous Improvement? • “Agile” Development Methodologies are in fact processes • Processes cannot be used to “change things” • -> Identification of the status quo. Example: 1. Scrum teams shows that 90% of all estimations of team X are wrong by over 30% 2. Kanban board shows 30 urgent tasks and 95 urgent bugs
- 13. Agile Development • What understanding of “Human mechanics” can help? • Homeostatis • Social comparison
- 14. Cybernetics κυβερνήτης (kybernētēs) "steersman, governor, pilot, or rudder"
- 15. Cybernetics κυβερνήτης (kybernētēs) "steersman, governor, pilot, or rudder" “Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary[1] approach for exploring regulatory systems, their structures, constraints, and possibilities. Cybernetics is relevant to the study of systems, such as mechanical, physical, biological, cognitive, and social systems. Cybernetics is applicable when a system being analyzed is involved in a closed signaling loop; that is, where action by the system generates some change in its environment and that change is reflected in that system in some manner (feedback) that triggers a system change, originally referred to as a "circular causal" relationship” - Wikipedia Cybernetics was borrowed by Norbert Wiener, in his book "Cybernetics", to define the study of control and communication in the animal and the machine
- 16. Norbert Wiener’s Cybernetics (1) Noise gate + - Noise gate + - Change from outside Change from outside Internal Situation Internal Situation Unknown Transfer Function 1/s
- 17. Norbert Wiener’s Cybernetics (2)
- 18. Homeostatis ὅμοιος, "hómoios", "similar",[1] and στάσις, stásis, "standing still"[
- 19. Homeostatis ὅμοιος, "hómoios", "similar",[1] and στάσις, stásis, "standing still"[ “…is the property of a system in which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant. Examples of homeostasis include the regulation of temperature and the balance between acidity and alkalinity (pH)” - Wikipedia People need security, they act in a way that their situation does not change
- 20. Homeostatis Social Security within the company: 1. My organization is stable 2. My own status within the organization is stable 3. I have the same perception of my social status as the others (self-perception) So how that THAT work?: Assess SItuation Perform Change Analyze Results
- 21. Break through Homeostatis (1) Lewin’s Change Management Model: Unfreeze Change Refreeze Do you really want to freeze that after a change? Noise gate + - Change from outside Internal 1/s Situation
- 22. Break through Homeostatis (2) Insert Noise into the system, check response Noise gate + - Internal Situation ? Try to find transfer function «That’s Engineering Stuff!»
- 23. Break through Homeostatis (3) INJECTING NOISE should not result in CHAOS! Noise gate + - Internal Situation ?
- 24. Break through Homeostatis (4) Most risky way: Structure out of Chaos CHAOS Completely uncontrollable?
- 25. Chaos You might be able handle chaotic processes if your focus is correct Does top management have the right focus?
- 26. Social Comparison - «why» and «how»
- 27. Social Comparison - Are we all the same? Collective Responsability: The same vision? Management literature warns that it’s important to have the «right policies» Reality Check: Usually people have problems with sharing ownership of what somebody else has done Why?
- 28. Humans compare themselves with others Mainly two reasons: 1. Improve self-knowledge, self-improvement and a positive self-perception 2. Comparisons are important to better communicate and understand informations correctly Main point: We want to be consistent (again, people need security)
- 29. Consistency in self-perception Performance Perceived performance Actual performance Gap? • We need to Identify where we stand • Maximum? • Compare with others
- 30. Humans compare themselves with others We compare ourselves to colleagues with similiar standards Standard Selection: • Rectification of self-image: Lower Performance • Self-Improvement: Higher Performance
- 31. Indicidual and Social Identity • We compare ourselves to others in the same group (with similar properties) • We compare our group to others -> Especially if we don’t manage to be consistent • «Our group» needs to be better than «the others» What does that mean with respect to «cross functional teams»? «Theories of social identity» (Tajfel/Turner, 1979)
- 32. Scrum – Possible Area of Conflict Shared Values = Shared Responsability? «If I was responsible alone, I would do things differently» «I need to go with the others, otherwise they might get around me» Group Behavior
- 33. From Analysis to Activity
- 34. From Analysis to activity (1) • Social Engineering • NLP • ... Our Approach: • Systems Engineer helps to analyze • Management needs to act • Outside view != Inside view • Consistent positive/realistic Conditioning
- 35. From Analysis to activity (2) Example of unplanned Activity: Classical Conditioning (Part of NLP Theories) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_conditioning
- 36. From Analysis to activity (3) Strategies: • Stay out of Chaos but near by the edge • Find right amount of «Noise» to have within system • Take time to analyze situation and feedback loops before startign to change it • Give Credit to individuals • Take positive influence, consider conditioning • Provide everybody with suitable «reference Person»
- 37. Findings from the above theories 1. Shared Responsybility is no reponsability 2. Development methodology does not imply organizational improvement 3. Change cannot be just pushed through by «Leader Figures» from top management 4. Every action results in a reaction 5. Make small steps, in order to have continuous control over the loop 6. Think like an engineer and try to understand situations before and while they change
- 38. Get changes initiated and performed by your employees while you make sure they keep their social security Do that by challenging the team(s) and paving the way to the desired situation together with a systems engineer who represents the link between you and the technical area
- 39. Q&A More Questions: akoschak@parametric.ch Web-Links: www.incose.ch http://agilemanifesto.org/