How and Why Open Hardware and Open Source can and should be used in non-western countries
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The document discusses the importance of open hardware and open source in non-western countries, emphasizing that such technologies can provide sustainable solutions tailored to local needs. It critiques current mainstream technology models for exacerbating inequalities and environmental issues while advocating for a cooperative, egalitarian approach to development. The author argues that embracing open-source solutions can disrupt conventional systems that foster dependency on corporate constructs and improve the quality of life across different cultures.
![UK, 2014: “[Western] sewage
systems and bathrooms are a
disaster” (since the 19th century)
Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut
http://mfioretti.com
http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved
And what is behind and after it
Fatberg!
Image sources: Internet meme, and www.livescience.com/64447-fatberg-
part-deux.html](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mfioretti-20190215-fossmeet-with-links-190312151436/85/How-and-Why-Open-Hardware-and-Open-Source-can-and-should-be-used-in-non-western-countries-10-320.jpg)
![Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut
http://mfioretti.com
http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved
..with still little-known consequences
[In UK] “High street
brands expect
turnarounds [so
quick]... that factories
in Turkey and India
simply can’t meet.
[This has lead to...]
quasi-Victorian labour
exploitation”
“technology is not being
used to replace
workers altogether,
but to make them
increasingly
resemble robots”
Source: see http://stop.zona-m.net/2017/10/robots-displacing-humans...-or-humans-becoming-robots/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mfioretti-20190215-fossmeet-with-links-190312151436/85/How-and-Why-Open-Hardware-and-Open-Source-can-and-should-be-used-in-non-western-countries-14-320.jpg)
!["Many large Asian cities are becoming intolerable places to live [and]
risks losing their own culture”
“When it comes to the future of the planet, decisions in Beijing, New
Delhi, Jakarta and Lagos will be more important than those taken in
Washington or Brussels”
“[Developing nations] need to... “stop being subservient to western
ideas about progress”
“It will require human cooperation way beyond the scale being
envisioned here to solve [all this]”
Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut
http://mfioretti.com
http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved
India, Asia and their destiny
Quotes from “The west can’t fix the climate crisis. Asia will have to do it” by Chandran Nair, December
2017, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/dec/05/west-climate-crisis-asia-developing-nations](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mfioretti-20190215-fossmeet-with-links-190312151436/85/How-and-Why-Open-Hardware-and-Open-Source-can-and-should-be-used-in-non-western-countries-16-320.jpg)
![[above] all a socio-cultural phenomenon, and human rights issue
an extremely powerful, pacifical tool for improving people lives
• Affordable wellbeing and healthcare
• Minimized political and economical lock-in, as well as pollution
• More freedom for both individuals and nations
As long as it is…
• used to not REPEAT the errors of others
• supported by reforms of laws and regulations
Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut
http://mfioretti.com
http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved
Open/Free as in Freedom Hardware is](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mfioretti-20190215-fossmeet-with-links-190312151436/85/How-and-Why-Open-Hardware-and-Open-Source-can-and-should-be-used-in-non-western-countries-25-320.jpg)
How and Why Open Hardware and Open Source can and should be used in non-western countries
- 1. Some thoughts from Europe about... “How and why Open Hardware and Open Source can and should be used in non-western countries” Marco Fioretti http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved
- 2. Freelance author/researcher/popularizer (Home page: http://mfioretti.com) Fields of activity: • Free Software / Open Hardware/ Open Standards / Open file formats • Distributed/P2P Digital Manufacturing • Impacts of digital technologies on human/civil rights, economy, environment, culture... Board Member of the Free Knowledge Institute (http://freeknowledge.eu) Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved First of all… Who am I?
- 3. Let’s look at some wonders of the First World Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved
- 4. “Forget all those stories of 20 Gbps speeds and 1 millisecond latency. 5G will never deliver performance like that — and anyway its time is still years away for most of us most of the time” Source: “5G or faux G?” www.computerworld.com/article/3336119/5g-or-faux-g.html Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved 5G networks?
- 5. Wasteful and polluting Doubtful feasibility Suggested reading: http://stop.zona-m.net/2018/03/the-internet-of-things-is-coming.-inside-us.-but-not-like-you-think./ Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Internet of Things... as First World Corporations Dream it Mostly useless Incompatible Image sources: https://twitter.com/internetofshit/status/618127966405574656 https://coolinfographics.com/blog/2016/5/11/the-growth-of-the-internet-of-things.html
- 6. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Stupid Smart Homes “Smart Home” = Ruby Goldberg machine, just more expensive and polluting Suggested reading: http://stop.zona-m.net/2018/03/the-internet-of-things-is-coming.-inside-us.-but-not-like-you-think./ ?? Image source: The Hindu, see http://stop.zona-m.net/2018/01/are-dumb-smart-homes-also-coming-to-india/
- 7. “Just 1.2% of smart meters will definitely stay smart when you switch” Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Stupid Smart Cities “Public Lighting as a service” = Lock-in to corporation Image source: www.moneysavingexpert.com/news/2018/11/less-than-1-5--of-smart-meters-guaranteed-to-stay-smart-when-you/ For image source, see suggested reading: http://stop.zona-m.net/2018/03/a-too-often-forgotten-problem-with-the-internet-of-things/
- 8. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Cars? Smart and Driverless, of course! End result: Stuck in traffic just like today… But, very likely, more bored and uncomfortable Image sources and suggested reading: http://stop.zona-m.net/tag/driverless-car/ and http://stop.zona-m.net/tag/smart-car/
- 9. The First World Bathroom! Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Image source: http://maisongram.com/idee-deco-toilettes-moderne-classique-elegante/
- 10. UK, 2014: “[Western] sewage systems and bathrooms are a disaster” (since the 19th century) Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved And what is behind and after it Fatberg! Image sources: Internet meme, and www.livescience.com/64447-fatberg- part-deux.html
- 11. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Renewable Energies? •Bad match for CURRENT infrastructures and demands •Rewrite Rules of Global Geopolitics •But introducing OTHER dependances and physical limits •Image source: “We Don't Mine Enough Rare Earth Metals to Replace Fossil Fuels With Renewable Energy” https:/motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/a3mavb/we-dont-mine-enough-rare-earth-metals-to-replace-fossil-fuels-with-renewable-energy
- 12. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Current mainstream models have big limits.. race to the bottom that nobody wins for long everybody is burned by the next one who is just a bit cheaper wherever they are, every time faster than the previous one Screenshot sources: http://techcrunch.com/2016/12/09/africas-tech-hubs/ www.forbes.com/sites/pascalemmanuelgobry/2014/08/ 25/china-understands-what-the-west-doesnt- africa-is-our-next-superpower/#2557b5e41330 http://theweek.com/articles/547623/why-africa-next- china
- 13. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved … huge ecological and human costs... April 24th, 2013, Rana Plaza, Bangladesh “deadliest garment-factory accident in history” Death toll: 1324 Up to 95% of all plastic debris found in the sea is carried by 8 rivers in Asia and 2 in Africa Source: Banega Swachh India www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4970214/95-plastic-oceans-comes-just-TEN- rivers.html
- 14. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved ..with still little-known consequences [In UK] “High street brands expect turnarounds [so quick]... that factories in Turkey and India simply can’t meet. [This has lead to...] quasi-Victorian labour exploitation” “technology is not being used to replace workers altogether, but to make them increasingly resemble robots” Source: see http://stop.zona-m.net/2017/10/robots-displacing-humans...-or-humans-becoming-robots/
- 15. Proprietary, monolithic, one size-fits-all products imposed top-down by corporations or central governments Designed for lock-in, to... • sell or lease as much “iron” as possible • do it from scratch again, every 5/10 years • don’t worry, wealth will “trickle down”! Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved … as well as economical and political ones
- 16. "Many large Asian cities are becoming intolerable places to live [and] risks losing their own culture” “When it comes to the future of the planet, decisions in Beijing, New Delhi, Jakarta and Lagos will be more important than those taken in Washington or Brussels” “[Developing nations] need to... “stop being subservient to western ideas about progress” “It will require human cooperation way beyond the scale being envisioned here to solve [all this]” Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved India, Asia and their destiny Quotes from “The west can’t fix the climate crisis. Asia will have to do it” by Chandran Nair, December 2017, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/dec/05/west-climate-crisis-asia-developing-nations
- 17. Considering all this… “How and why Open Hardware and Open Source should be used in non-western countries???” Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved
- 18. ALL countries have the same rights to the same minimal standards of material wealth, hygiene, education, mobility… Each country should achieve that goal in the sustainable way that is culturally and politically best for ITSELF • Cooperating with other countries , on equal footing • Without repeating well known errors But there is simply no way to get there without Open Hardware Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved My answer:
- 19. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Disrupt things like toilets, not gadgets! What about an Open Hardware “dry toilet”... as easy and glamourous as a Nespresso coffer maker and... Online platforms (cooperatives?) to collect and reuse toilet waste? No rocket science here, see “Uber for poop” in Senegal! See http://stop.zona-m.net/2018/07/hey-silicon-valley-why-dont-you-disrupt-toilets/
- 20. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Make Open Source home appliances! What about a washer machine, or a fridge that is: Orderable to a fablab Assemblable at home, or in a rural village Designed to be 100% repairable and last 50 YEARS Controlled by 100% user- upgradable Free Software Source and links: see http://stop.zona-m.net/2018/02/open-source-home-appliances/
- 21. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Make Open Source, really clean renewables “If you want REALLY clean solar energy, you need Open Source lawn mowers” Because “clean energy” from photovoltaic installation may pollute a lot without them See http://stop.zona-m.net/2018/06/if-you-want-really-clean-solar-energy-you-need-open-source-lawn-mowers/
- 22. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Make Open Source medical devices that save lives! Made in India! Made in India! For links and more, see http://stop.zona-m.net/2018/01/on-digital-diy-and-its-place-in-india/
- 23. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Try to compare Star Wars...
- 24. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved farming drones, greenhouses, micro-watering systems, pest mapping... that are Community- designed, owned and managed! To today’s reality: the part of Star Wars that matters... is now a concrete possibility for villagers worldwide
- 25. [above] all a socio-cultural phenomenon, and human rights issue an extremely powerful, pacifical tool for improving people lives • Affordable wellbeing and healthcare • Minimized political and economical lock-in, as well as pollution • More freedom for both individuals and nations As long as it is… • used to not REPEAT the errors of others • supported by reforms of laws and regulations Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Open/Free as in Freedom Hardware is
- 26. Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved And we are all in this together! Reach one, global critical mass on what should be the same everywhere (e.g open standards/ hardware..) In order to Western countries really must learn from other cultures Others cultures can and should learn from Western-style excesses, or unintended consequences of “running first” Working together, minimize the effort neeed locally, to build social/legal structures that are the best ones for each culture
- 27. PLEASE contact me, and help me to reach others! • Home page http://mfioretti.com • Blog: http://stop.zona-m.net/ • Email: mfioretti@nexaima.net • Twitter: @mfioretti_en QUESTIONS? Marco Fioretti (marco@digifreedom.net) 2019/02/15 FOSSMeet’19, Calicut http://mfioretti.com http://stop.zona-m.net/ Some Rights Reserved Thanks and… let’s work together!