How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) help evidence-based lawmaking?
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The document discusses a joint initiative by the OECD and the EU focused on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in parliamentary lawmaking. It outlines the potential benefits and challenges of integrating AI tools in parliaments, including examples from various EU member states and the Western Balkans. The initiative aims to establish guidelines and foster collaboration for effective AI utilization in legislative processes.
![A
joint
initiative
of
the
OECD
and
the
EU,
principally
financed
by
the
EU. How to apply and localise AI in national parliaments?
9
Steps:
• Brainstorming
• Evaluation
• Analysis and results
• Comparison
• Implementation
Parameters:
• Relevance of the AI application
• Priority of implementation
Examples → interactive parliamentary workshops (top priorities):
• Hellenic Parliament: March 2021 (Training & hiring of new staff in the IT department)
• National Congress of Argentina: August 2022 (Reliable voting systems [through AI
technologies] in plenary and committees)
• Canadian House of Commons: September 2023 (AI-based translation services)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aiandlawmakinginparliamentsfinal-241019061625-e040ff8b/85/How-can-Artificial-Intelligence-AI-help-evidence-based-lawmaking-9-320.jpg)
How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) help evidence-based lawmaking?
- 1. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. www.oecd.org/termsandconditions This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union (EU). It should not be reported as representing the official views of the EU, the OECD or its member countries, or of partners participating in the SIGMA Programme. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the authors. This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. © OECD 2023 – The use of this material, whether digital or print, is governed by www.oecd.org/termsandconditions. How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) help evidence-based lawmaking? Fotios Fitsilis, Hellenic Parliament, Greece Latest developments in applying AI in parliaments 18 October 2024 Italian Chamber of Deputies, Rome, Italy
- 2. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. Objective: Tackle and frame open questions about parliamentary AI • How is the AI situation in Western Balkan parliaments? • Where to start? • Which fields of application? • Which priorities should be set? • Technical solutions realistic or unrealistic? Motives: ● AI-based tools & services gain momentum ● Emergence of Generative AI (ChatGPT) ● Introduction in public sector institutions & parliaments ● Broad call for regulation 2 DALL·E 2, “motivated person“ Objective and motivation
- 3. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. Selected background work on the use of AI in parliaments 3 Sources: Koryzis et al. 2021, Leslie et al. 2021 and OECD 2022
- 4. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. The role of Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU): AI cases and support 4 IPU’s survey instrument: • Live document, continuously being updated • About 60 real practical cases to date • Facilitated via the IPU’s Center for Innovation in Parliaments Directions of AI use in parliaments: ● Document/legislation classification systems ● Transcription and translation ● Chatbots and supporting users ● Public engagement ● Bill drafting and amendments
- 5. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. What are the main ΑΙ applications that can be used in parliaments? 5 AI-based Process design AI-based Programming Regulatory Impact Assessment Speeches & press releases Automated announcements Custom event notifications Parliamentary control topics Constituency work Electoral campaigns
- 6. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. 6 ● Well-known example of Generative AI: ChatGPT ● Enormous spread since late 2022 but in development for a decade ● Huge potential as legal (drafting) assistants as well as for research and evidence-generation to support lawmaking ● However, there are many challenges and issues to be addressed, such as: o Security aspects o Privacy considerations o Existence of sufficient legal data o Application for Western Balkan languages Generative AI as a major driver for lawmaking
- 7. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. AI within the lawmaking cycle 7 • Huge potential for having positive impact on the quality of lawmaking at all stages • AI technology evolving rapidly Questions: ○ Is it feasible and acceptable at this stage? ○ And under which conditions? Screening of media reports & judicial decisions Assess citizens’ concerns & prioritize topics Consultation & political debate Regulatory Impact Assessment Rapid development of bills & regulations
- 8. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. 8 • The EC performed several studies since 2022 • Principle of Smart Functionalities (SFs) • 30+ AI applications in lawmaking identified Structured approach to AI in lawmaking (EU level) Selected priorities for AI uses most relevant for evidence-based lawmaking Large Language Model (LLM) based legal text generation Measure the impact of a legislative act Automatically identify existing legislation relevant for the act under development Context aware correct usage of Existing legal definitions Detect obligations, rights, permissions, penalties
- 9. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. How to apply and localise AI in national parliaments? 9 Steps: • Brainstorming • Evaluation • Analysis and results • Comparison • Implementation Parameters: • Relevance of the AI application • Priority of implementation Examples → interactive parliamentary workshops (top priorities): • Hellenic Parliament: March 2021 (Training & hiring of new staff in the IT department) • National Congress of Argentina: August 2022 (Reliable voting systems [through AI technologies] in plenary and committees) • Canadian House of Commons: September 2023 (AI-based translation services)
- 10. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. 10 Approach • Efficiency and risk mitigation • How to do it? → Use of guidelines and principles • Two main development workstreams for AI guidelines for parliaments 1. Guidelines on the introduction and use of AI in the parliamentary workspace • Published in July 2024 as an open access document • 22 technical working group members (16 countries) • Translation in several languages (maybe also in WB languages?) 2. IPU’s AI governance guidelines • Planned for late 2024 • Initiated via IPU’s Center for Innovation in Parliaments • Coordinated by the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies Implementation planning
- 11. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. Starting point: • Regulatory guidelines (scholars and practitioners) • Corporate AI principles (IBM, Google, Microsoft, …) • Organizational frameworks (EU, UNESCO, OECD, …) Six sections/topics covered: • Ethical principles • Artificial General Intelligence • Privacy & Security • Governance & Oversight • System Design & Operation • Capacity Building & Education 11 Dissecting the AI guidelines
- 12. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. ● AI tech, particularly Generative AI, keeps advancing in terms of reasoning capacities ● Visible trend towards integration of AI-based digital solutions in lawmaking and e-Government ● Parliaments are no exception to this transformative wave (selected examples in the next slide) ● Science and parliamentary practice have set out on a preliminary path ● But still many implications and risks for the use of AI in parliaments that require further investigation 12 Where are we? Key facts and messages
- 13. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. Selected examples of AI use in EU parliaments 13 • The Finnish Parliament (Committee for the Future) organised a parliamentary hearing with an AI system • Estonia has implemented speech-to-text technology in plenary and committee meetings as well as subtitle generation during remote plenary and committee meetings • The Netherlands also uses AI for automatic speech-to-text technology to transcribe audio into text to allow for more efficient editing of these transcripts • In Greece, the Hellenic Parliament is using speech-to-text technology to produce parliamentary meeting minutes • In Portugal, the Assembly of the Republic has been using speech- to-text technology • The European Parliament uses an AI-based text summarizer for its archive to reduce the original size of documents to be reviewed • …and, of course, also Italy for bill classification, legal referencing to European and Italian laws etc.
- 14. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. ● Currently only a handful parliaments are adopting and using AI ● Information about actual AI use in the Western Balkan is limited → Parliamentary colleagues from the Western Balkan are welcome to share their experience and recent initiatives during this session ● Important to analyze existing international experience and examples to identify and apply their own solutions ● There is a necessity for regular collaboration and exchange of knowledge ● Leadership of international organisations, such as OECD and IPU, can offer a more educated approach to the digital parliament of the future 14 What’s next?
- 15. A joint initiative of the OECD and the EU, principally financed by the EU. Thank you! Fotios Fitsilis https://fitsilis.gr fotis@fitsilis.gr 15 Q&A and discussion The information and views set out in this presentation are only those of the author and do not reflect the official opinion of the Hellenic Parliament