There are three main approaches to measuring organizational effectiveness: 1. The external resource approach evaluates an organization's ability to secure and manage scarce resources by looking at metrics like market share, input costs, and stakeholder support. 2. The internal resource approach assesses how well an organization functions and utilizes its resources, focusing on innovation, decision-making speed, employee motivation, and time to market. 3. The technical system approach examines an organization's efficiency in converting resources into products and services, using indicators such as productivity, quality, costs, and customer service levels.