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How does it work?
The keyboard
The keyboard

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Oldest computer accessory (~1870)
Hasn't changed a lot
~104 keys
QWERTY
QWERTY

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1873, Christopher Latham Sholes
to avoid jams
far from optimal
used everywhere, even on phones

Endless list of alternatives:
Dvorak, Colemak, Workman, ...
Common keyboards

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Rubber dome "switches" + membrane
Low quality
Cheap
99%
Common problems

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bottom-actuation
membrane is vulnerable
staggering
ghosting
max. 2-3 key rollover
Mechanical keyboards

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PCB
Plate
Switches
Keycaps
Case
Controller
PCB
PCB
PCB
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Keyswitches
Bulking spring, Hall-effect, mechanical, ...
Cherry MX family
Black - linear, 60g
Red - linear, 45g
Brown - tactile, 45g
Clear - tactile, 55g
Blue - clicky, 50g

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... and endless customization: replaceable stems, custom springs, leds, lubing...
Keycaps
profile - SA, DCS, DSA, ...

color
material - ABS, PBT
captions - font, position, double
shot, laser-etched, dye-sub, ...
Keycaps
profile - SA, DCS, DSA, ...

color
material - ABS, PBT
captions - font, position, double
shot, laser-etched, dye-sub, ...
Case

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old keyboard cases
made of wood
laser cut acrylic
3D printed
CNC cut aluminium (anodized)
Controller

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mostly Atmel microcontrollers
ErgoDox: Teensy 2.0
Arduino compatible, Teensyduino
gnu avr toolchain
USB HID is well specified :)
(ATMEGA32U4, 16MHz)

https://github.com/dyuri/ergodox-firmware
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...
Thanks!

Written on an ErgoDox.
2013, György Horák
Images and most info from geekhack.org and deskthority.net.

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How does it work - the keyboard