How to make a Directory ?
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The document provides instructions for creating directories and files on a computer using command prompt commands. It describes how to: 1. Open the command prompt, navigate to the desired drive, and use the "md" command to create a new directory with a specified name. 2. Change to the new directory with "cd", then use "copy con" to create a new text file and enter text before saving with Ctrl-Z. 3. View directory details and contents with the "dir" command. It also provides commands for copying files between directories, renaming files, and removing directories.
How to make a Directory ?
- 1. COMPUTER LAB REPORT How to make Directory? First you have to open your computer and then click on (start button) a menu will appear which is called (Start Menu). In this start menu click on (All Programs). Another menu will appear which is called (Sub Menu) in this Sub Menu click on a black color icon which is called (Command Prompt). There are some commands which are use for making a Directory which are given bellow. First you have to open (Command Prompt). A specific direction will be there which is called Root Directory. like ( C: userstudents>). You can change your concern directory drive location from Root Directory. For example if you are Root directory location is in driver “C” and if you want to change your concern directory direction or location to another drive, you can change it. Like from drive “C” to drivers “D” or “E” or any other drives. We can change like this, Root Directory (C: userstudents> D: then press enter). By this your directory location will changed into Drive “D” or other your concern drivers and it will show like this ( D :>) this will be your concern directory drive . Then for making a directory Put a command like (md) after (D:) “M “stand for made and “D” stand for Directory, and then press the Space button and then write your name or write the name of your file which your desire for making a Directory and then press Enter Button. And your directory folder will create. Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll
- 2. For Example (D:>md space file name AmjadKhan and then press Enter) Next write “cd” which “C” stand for create and “D” stand for directory like, (D :> cd space AmjadKhan press Enter) a new directory will created by the name of (AmjadKhan) or by any other name which your concern . After this it will show like this (D:Amjad Khan>) . In next line write D:Amjad Khan>copy (space) con (space) file name AmjadKhan.txt then press Enter. You can also put (doc), (pdf), instead of (txt). These are called file extension. For Example D:AmjadKhan>copy Space con space AmjadKhan.txt and press Enter. After performing this a new blanking space will appear for writing your construction or any information or any things if your desire to write in it you can write here in this black space. And at the end of your information press (Ctrl + Z) and your file will saved or copied. For Example D:AmjadKhan>copy con AmjadKhan.txt and Enter and then put your desirable information or construction like 1. My name is Amjad Khan 2. I am 23 years old 3. I belong to Bara Khyber Agency 4. I am BS Microbiology student of Abasyn University Peshawar . 5. Registration No# 5149 6. Semester 3rd After this write “dir” after D:AmjadKhan> and it will show you all details about your creative directory file. Like Volume of your file in the driver Volume serial Number Date and Time and File extension Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll
- 3. Example Volume in drive D has no label. Volume Serial Number is Etc….. Directory of D:AmjadKhan 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> . 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> .. 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM 32 AmjadKhan.txt 1 File(s) 32 bytes 2 Dir(s) 5,408,411,648 bytes free EXPLANATION C:userstar> C:userstar>D: press enter D:>md space File name AmjadKhan press enter D:>cd space File name AmjadKhan press enter D:AmjadKhan>copy space con space file name AmjadKhan.txt press enter and after writing your information press ( Ctrl +Z). D:AmjadKhan>dir press enter How to remove a Directory? When you delete or remove your directory with this your all concern file will deleted and your all information in that file or folder will remove and your file will become empty. Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll
- 4. For removing your directory these commands can be use. Like First open (Command Prompt) a direction will appear like ( C: userstudents>). Than write the name of your specific driver where your concern directory is present . Like if your in driver “C” and your directory is present in driver “D” or , “E” or any other driver so for changing your directory you have to write like (userstudents> D: then press enter ). With this your concern directory driver will open like D:> . Than write “cd” space your File name Like Amjad Khan and press enter ( D:AmjadKhan>) will appear. Than write a command “dir” like ( D:amjad>dir and press enter ). It will open details related with your concern directory file. Like Volume in drive D has no label. Volume Serial Number is Etc….. Directory of D:AmjadKhan 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> . 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> .. 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM 32 AmjadKhan.txt 1 File(s) 32 bytes 2 Dir(s) 5,408,411,648 bytes free Then use commands like “erase” , press space button and then write file name like “AmjadKhan.txt”, and then press enter button. Your concern director will be deleted or erased. D:AmjadKhan>erase space AmjadKhan.txt press enter button. C:userstudent> D:>cd space file name “AmjadKhan” press Enter Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll
- 5. D:AmjadKhan>erase space file name AmjadKhan.txt and press Enter button HOW T O MAKE DITECTORY AND HOW TO COPY FROM ONE DI RECTORY INTO ANOT HER DI RECTORY? First open (Command Prompt). A specific direction will be there which is called Root Directory. like ( C: userstudents>). Change your directory location from Root directory drive into your targeted drive . like “D”, “E” or any one. Put the direction of your concern drive in Root Directory like ( C: userstudents> D: press Enter button). Your directory location will changed from Root Directory drive into your concern drive. Like “D:>”. Then make two directories by two different names like “AmjadKhan” and “Friends” by using command like “md” . For examples (A) AmjadKhan (B) Friends (A) D:>md space File name “AmjadKhan” press then Enter button Explanation C:userstar> C:userstar>D: press enter D:>md space File name AmjadKhan press enter D:>cd space File name AmjadKhan press enter D:AmjadKhan>copy space con space file name AmjadKhan.txt press enter and after writing your information press ( Ctrl +Z). i. My name is Amjad Khan ii. I am 23 years old i. I belong to Bara Khyber Agency ii. I am BS Microbiology student of Abasyn University Peshawar . iii. Registration No# 5149 iv. Semester 3rd D:AmjadKhan>dir press enter Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll
- 6. Directory of D:AmjadKhan 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> . 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> .. 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM 32 AmjadKhan.txt 1 File(s) 32 bytes 2 Dir(s) 5,408,411,648 bytes free (B) Friends File Named Directory Like the same make your other Directory or file by “Friends” name. The same procedure will use for making your other Directory. But just change File name “Friends” instead of” AmjadKhan”. (1) D: AmjadKhan >md space file name “Friends” then press Enter Button (2) D: AmjadKhan>cd space File name “Friends” press Enter Button (3) D: AmjadKhanFriends>copy space con space file name Friends.txt press Enter Button and after this writing your information then press ( Ctrl +Z). a. Ahmid b. Ali c. Khan d. Afridi e. Abid f. Zain etc Directory of D:Friends i. 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> . ii. 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> .. iii. 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM 32 Friends.txt iv. 1 File(s) 32 bytes v. 2 Dir(s) 5,408,411,648 bytes free (4) D:AmjadKhanFriends>dir press enter HOW TO COPY ONE FILE INTO ANOTHER FILE? First open your target drive where your directory fill saved ,then Put a command like “dir” and press Enter button , it will displays your both directories. Then select any file name from these two directories Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll
- 7. and save the other file in it by passing a command like “cd file name like AmjadKhan” then press Enter button. D:cd space file name AmjadKhan press Enter. It will show like D:AmjadKhan> Then use a command “cd” and write the name of your other file “Friend” and press Enter button. Like (D:AmjadKhan>cd space File name Friends press Enter Button). It will show like D:AmjadKhanFriends>. Than copy “friends” file into “AmjadKhan” directory. Use a command like D:AmjadKhanFriends>copy space Friends.txt space AmjadKhan press Enter Button. It will give you three options like (YesNoAll) and you have to press “Y”. The “Friends” file be will saved in the “AmjadKhan” file. EXPLANATION i. C:userstar> ii. C:userstar>D: press enter iii. D:>md space File name “AmjadKhan” press Enter Button iv. D:>cd space File name “AmjadKhan” press Enter Button v. D:AmjadKhan>copy space con space file name AmjadKhan.txt press enter and after writing your information press ( Ctrl +Z). vi. D:AmjadKhan>dir press enter vii. D: AmjadKhan >md space file name “Friends” then press Enter Button viii. D: AmjadKhan>cd space File name “Friends” press Enter Button ix. D: AmjadKhanFriends>copy space con space file name Friends.txt press Enter Button and after this writing your information then press ( Ctrl +Z). HOW WE CAN CHECK IT? Open your Concern Drive like “D”, “E” or any one where you had saved your File Directory . Like D:>. Then put a command like “cd..” and press Enter button. Next use a command “cd” and then write your concern file name which you want to check it .Like D:cd space AmjadKhan press Enter Button. It will show like D:AmjadKhan> .Then write “dir”, it will show you all details about “AmjadKhan” directory file that either “Friends” file is present or not. Root Directory C: C:userstar>cd.. C:userstar>cd space AmjadKhan Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll
- 8. D:AmjadKhan> D:AmjadKhan>dir HOW TO RENAME? Open your Directory file drive like D: , then open your Directory Folder , like D:cd AmjadKhan press Enter Button. It will show like D:AmjadKhan>. Then use a command like “ren” and write your concern file name which you want to renamed it . Like D:AmjadKhan> ren file name “Friends.txt” space New file name like “Afridi.txt” then press Enter button. Your “Friends” file will be changed into “Afridi” name. Summery C:userstar> C:userstar>D: press Enter Button D:>cd.. Press Enter Button D:>cd space File name “Friends” press Enter Button D:>Friends>ren space Friends.txt space New file name Afridi.txt press Enter Button HOW TO FORMAT A DRICE OR ANY OTHER DEVICE? GENERAL 1. Write format and name of specific device or drive which you want to format it. Like “E” ,”D” or “G” press Enter Button . You can format your concern drive or devi ce in the Root Drive as well as also in your targeted drive mean “D: or E:”. Like D:>format space Device or Drive name then Press Enter Button. Example . D:>format space G: press Enter Button 2. For quick format press “q” after your concern drive or drive which you want to deleted it. Like D:>format space device or drive name “q”. For example. D:>format space G:q press Enter Button 3. For Sub Bootable press “s” after “q”. For example D:|format space G:qs Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll
- 9. The End Prepared by Amjad Khan Submitted to Engineer Sir, Wasi Ullah Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll