How to prepare Good presentation

In the last month
How many presentations
were good?
Aboubakr Elnashar

ContentSlides
Presenter
Presentation

 Great Content:
bad Slides will not damage the presentation...
 Bad Content:
great Slides cannot improve the presentation
(Osterwalder A, 2006)
 Bad Presenter
Good slides and Content can weaken the
presentation

Know standard of the audience.
• Do they have a background like yours?
• Don’t assume the audience will all be experts.
• Never underestimate your audience!
Time allocated to you.

New information
Novel discovery
Answers an interesting question
Describes important ideas
Concise& to the point

Slides
1. Outline slide
2. Layout
3. Structure
4. Animation
5. Bullets
6. Fonts
7. Color
8. Illustrations
9. Graphs
10. Video clips
11. Audio clips
12. Spelling& Grammar
13. Conclusion slide
14. Questions slide
15. Thank you slide

 The slides should enhance the presentation, not
be the presentation
(Compton K, 2002)
 Goals:
 Convey the necessary information
 Be readable/understandable
 Be interesting (enough)
 Avoid:
 Over stimulation
 Boring

1. Outline slide
(Contents)
 Start with
 Main points
 Follow the order of your outline for the
rest of the presentation

2. Layout
 Simple but attractive
 The same layout
‫نسق‬

 Avoid backgrounds that are
• distracting or
• difficult to read from

3. Structure
 Write in point form (Bullets).
 DO NOT use
 sentences or
 paragraphs.
 Use key words & phrases ( (‫عبارات‬
 Simple image on every slide.
 Balance of Slide Elements:
 Text
 Graphics
{You want the audience to focus on what you
present, not the way you present}.

Bad
 This page contains too many words for a
presentation slide. It is not written in point
form, making it difficult both for your
audience to read and for you to present each
point. Although there are exactly the same
number of points on this slide as the previous
slide, it looks much more complicated. In
short, your audience will spend too much
time trying to read this paragraph instead of
listening to you.

4. Animation
 Show one point at a time:
 Audience concentrate on what you are saying
 Prevent audience from reading ahead
 keep your presentation focused

Use the “Slide show” - “animations” -”custom”- option
Same animation
Simple "Wipe Left-to-Right" is good
Do not use:
Distracting animation
Move" or "Fly"
{too tedious& slow}
(used in many presentations today).

5.Bullets
 3-6 bullets/ slide
 4 if large title, logo, picture
 Each bullet 1 line, 2 at the most.
 This is known as “cueing”
 “cue” the audience in what you
are going to say.
 This gives the audience a
“framework” to build upon.
 ‫يلقن‬-

 Crowded text: audience will not read it.
 Reading speed does not match listening
speed:
confuse instead of reinforcing each
other.

6. Fonts
Size:
 Title: at least 28-point.
 Text: at least 18-point
 References: 14-point
 Different size for
 main points&
 secondary points
 Text can be read from the back of the
room.

 You are close to your monitor
 Your audience is far from the screen
Tahoma
32 pt
28 pt
24 pt
20 pt
18 pt
16 pt
14 pt
12 pt
10 pt
TNR
32 pt
28 pt
24 pt
20 pt
18 pt
16 pt
14 pt
12 pt
10 pt
Courier
32 pt
28 pt
24 pt
20 pt
18 pt
16 pt
14 pt
12 pt
10 pt
Comic
32 pt
28 pt
24 pt
20 pt
18 pt
16 pt
14 pt
12 pt
10 pt
Lucida Sans
32 pt
28 pt
24 pt
20 pt
18 pt
16 pt
14 pt
12 pt
10 pt

 Type
Main font: same
2 complementary fonts: Arial& Arial Bold.
Serif font:
• e. g. Times New Roman
• Used in documents filled with lots of text.
• {Easier to read at small sizes}

San-serif fonts
Arial
Avoid:
Script or
Old English
Use a standard font:
• Times New Roman or
• Arial.

Caps
 Do not use all capital letters
 Makes text hard to read
 Denies their use for highlighting
Italics
 Used to
 highlight thoughts or ideas
 Used for:
quotes
Book
journal, or magazine titles

Bad
 If you use a small font, your audience won’t be able to read what you have written
 CAPITALIZE ONLYWHEN NECESSARY. IT IS
DIFFICULTTO READ
 Don’t use a complicated font

7. Color
 Use color to:
 Reinforce the logic of your structure
 Emphasize a point (occasionally)
 Do not use
 color that does not contrast with the
background
{hard to read}

Colors:
• Cool:
• blue& green
• best for backgrounds
• {appear to recede away from us into the
background}.
• Warm:
• orange& red.
• best for objects in the foreground
• (such as text)
• {appear to be coming at us}.

The Color Wheel
 Harmonizing: Adjacent colors
e.g. Green& Yellow
 Contrasting=Complementary:
separated by another color
 Clashing: Colors that are directly
opposite
e.g. yellow on blue.

 Reds& oranges:
high-energy but difficult to stay focused on.
 Greens, blues, and browns:
warmer, but not as attention grabbing.
 Use Color font that contrasts sharply with the
background
blue font on white background
Yellow font on blue background

Avoid
 Color for decoration {distracting& annoying}.
 Different color for each point
 Different color for secondary points
 Red-green combinations
{7 % of population are red-green colorblind}
 White font on Light Green
 Light Blue on Pale Yellow background
Aboubakr
Aboubakr
Aboubakr

Dark room
• white or light font on dark background
(dark blue, grey, etc.).
Good light Rooms:
• which is highly advisable
• Black or dark font on white background

Lots of people can’t read this –
and even if they could, it makes your eyes hurt.
Colour - Bad

8. Illustrations
 Diagrams are great communicators
 Well-drawn pictures easier to understand
 Use only when needed
 otherwise they become distracters instead of
communicators
 They should
 relate to the message
 help make a point

9. Graphs
 Why?:
 Data in graphs is easier to understand & retain
than is raw data
 Trends are easier to visualize in graphs
 Graphs& figures:
large
Title
High-quality

Types
Pie Charts.
• Used to show
percentages.
• Limit the slices to 4-6
• contrast the most
important slice either
with color or by
exploding the slice.

Vertical Bar Charts.
• Used to show changes in
quantity over time.
• Limit the bars to 4-8
Horizontal Bar Charts.
• Used to compare quantities.

Line Charts.
• Used to demonstrate
trends.
Tables
• Good for side-by-side
comparisons of
quantitative data.
• lacks impact on a
visceral level.

Graphs - Good
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
January February March April
Items Sold in First Quarter of 2002
Blue
Balls

Graphs - Bad
20.4
27.4
90
20.4
30.6
38.6
34.6
31.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
January February March April
Blue Balls
Red Balls

Graphs - Bad
 Minor gridlines are unnecessary
 Font is too small
 Colors are illogical
 Title is missing
 Shading is distracting

PickALine,Any Line
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Series1
Series2

10. Video clips
Show real examples
Promote active cognitive processing
{this natural way people learn}.
Illustrate your point better
Increase the interest of audience.

11. Audio clips
As interviews.
Avoid
• Loud sound effects
• sound of a horn or
• clapping when transitioning slides.
• Extra sound effects attached to animations
{lose credibility with your audience}.

12. Spelling& Grammar
 Checked
 If English is not your first language:
have someone else check your presentation

13. Conclusion slide
Take home message
 Effective& strong
 Your audience is likely to remember your last words
 Conclusion slides:
 Bring people back if they zoned out
 Summarize the main points of presentation
 Suggest future research

14. Questions slide
 Avoid ending presentation abruptly
 End with a simple question slide to:
 Invite audience to ask questions
 Provide a visual aid during question period

Presenter
1. Before
2. At the start
3. During
4. At the end

1. Before the talk
 Practice in front of friends or
 using a video camera& timer
 Take criticism as constructive, not personally
 Make changes well in advance
 Know Your Location
 Check the podium& AV equipment
 How far is audience from screen?
 Do you need a laser pointer?

2. At the start of the talk
 Thank the sponsor, panel
 Start using an emotionally competent stimulus
 Story
 Question
 Anecdote
 Application

3. During the Talk
 Do not read your notes word for word!
 It’s called a “presentation” & not “a reading” of
your work
 Reading a slide is annoying
 Do not read your slides like a script ‫نص‬
 You should not simply be a text-to-speech
converter.

 Face the audience, not the screen
 Make eye contact
 Do not
 use the media to hide you
 stand rigid

Are you hiding behind the podium?
Are your hands/face motionless?
Are you staring…
at your advisor/boss?
at your laptop?
at the screen?
at the ceiling?
Is your back to the audience?
 IF SO… you’re probably BORING!
Dead Man Talking

 Spend between 30 sec- 2min/slide
 Sometimes stresses make for fast talking
 Calm down.
[It’s not a race
People need time to absorb information}

 Not exceed your allocated time
 You were poorly prepared
 Have bad manners
If you’re running late:
 skip
 Don’t just talk faster!

 Do be enthusiastic
 Are you interested in your topic?
 If no, get a different one!
 If yes, act like it
 If you aren’t excited…
 Can’t expect other people to be!

 Vary
 Tone of your voice
 Speed
 Volume
 Motions
 Microphone
 At middle of your chest
 Not 2mm from your mouth
 Modulate your voice evenly
 If not using a microphone
 project your voice!

 Don’t
 wave your pointer all over the slide
 point with your middle finger
 point at everything
{Not everything is equally important}

 Orient the audience:
 Don’t take lots of drinks
{distracting& unprofessional}
 Spend time on graphs, charts, anatomy
 Memorize
 outline
 concluding sentence
 Be able to recover from interruptions

 Careful use of pause
 When starting a major result
 Raising a question
 Showing a complicated figure
 Avoid annoying words
 Use of
 OK
 I mean or you know

4. At the end of the talk
 Be prepared to get questions!
 Move towards the person who asked it
 Repeat or rephrase
 “What if I don’t know the answer?”
 Know when to say “I don’t know”
 Know how to say “I don’t know”
 Don’t be uncomfortable

 Close by thanking your audience
 Plan to stay a while after talk
Audience may want to talk with you

Conclusion
Good presentation= Good
content, slides& presenter

Questions??

How to prepare Good presentation

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