How to Write an Effective Technical Paper (1).pdf
- 1. Saifur Rahman, PhD President, IEEE Power & Energy Society 2018 & 2019 Professor, ECE Department, Virginia Tech, USA IEEE Power & Energy Society Chapter Germany Webinar 09 September 2020 How to Write an Effective Technical Paper
- 2. Webinar Speaker, 9/9/20 2 Saifur Rahman, Ph.D. Professor and Director Virginia Tech Advanced Research Institute Education Ph.D., Electrical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1978. M.S., Electrical Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1975. B.Sc., Electrical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1972 Professional Society Activities ➢IEEE Member since 1975, Fellow 1998, Life Fellow 2014 ➢President, IEEE PES, 2018-2019 ➢Vice president, Publications, IEEE PES, 2001-2003, 2012-2013 ➢Vice President, Publications, IEEE, 2006 ➢Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2010-2012 ➢Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Electrifications Magazine, 2013-2014 ➢Launched, the IEEE Power & Energy Technology Systems Journal (Open Access), 2014
- 4. 1.Are you writing this paper for the sake of writing a paper? 2.Or do you want to show how others can benefit from your work? 4 Audience Basic Questions
- 5. • Who writes scientific papers? • Engineers, scientists, educators and researchers from: ➢ Corporations ➢ Academia ➢ Government • Students typically write and present conference papers before submitting journal articles Audience 5 Scientific research publishing
- 6. • Content that is appropriate, in scope and level • Clearly written original material that addresses a new and important problem • Extension of previously published work • Valid methods and rationale • Illustrations, tables and graphs that support the text • References that are current and relevant to the subject 6 Audience What IEEE editors and reviewers are looking for
- 7. Audience 7 How does the review process work? • Editor-in-Chief gets the paper after it goes through content match check (iAuthenticate) and “banned author” check • If the paper is in scope for the journal, it is assigned to an editor (associate editor) • Editor assigns the paper to five or more reviewers • Reviewers send their comments back to the editor • Editor makes a recommendation to the EIC as follows: o Accept o Revise & Resubmit o Reject • The EIC makes the final decision and informs the corresponding author
- 8. Audience 8 Why IEEE editors and reviewers eject papers • The content is not a good fit for the publication • There are serious scientific flaws: • Inconclusive results or incorrect interpretation • Fraudulent research • It is poorly written • It does not address a big enough problem or advance the scientific field • Most of the work was previously published • The quality is not good enough for the journal • Reviewers have misunderstood the article
- 9. Structure 9
- 10. Title Abstract Keywords Introduction Methodology Results/Discussions/Findings Conclusion References Paper Structure Elements of a manuscript 10
- 11. Good Title Bad Title VS. 11 Paper Structure Title An effective title should… •Answer the reader’s question: “Is this article relevant to me?” •Grab the reader’s attention •Describe the content of a paper using the fewest possible words • Is crisp, concise • Uses keywords • Avoids jargon
- 12. Paper Structure Title Dos and Don’ts A Human Expert-based Approach to Electrical Peak Demand Management VS better A approach of managing environmental and energy sustainability via a study of different methods of electric load forecasting 12
- 14. What you did Why you did it How the results were useful, important & move the field forward Why they’re useful & important & move the field forward Paper Structure Abstract 14 A “stand alone” condensed version of the article • No more than 250 words; can use past or present tense • Uses keywords and index terms
- 15. Paper Structure Abstract Dos and Don’ts The objective of this paper was to propose a human expert-based approach to electrical peak demand management. The proposed approach helped curtailments (MW) among distribution substations (DS) or feeders in an electric utility service area based on requirements of the central load dispatc curtailment allocation was quantified taking into account demand response (DR) potential and load curtailment priority of each DS, which can be det loading level, capacity of each DS, customer types (residential/commercial) and load categories (deployable, interruptible or critical). Analytic Hierarc used to model a complex decision-making process according to both expert inputs and objective parameters. Simulation case studies were conducted how the proposed approachcan be implemented to perform DR using real-world data from an electric utility. Simulation results demonstrated that t approach is capable of achieving realistic demand curtailment allocations among different DSs to meet the peak loadreduction requirements at the u Vs This paper presents and assesses a framework for an engineering capstone design program. We explain how student preparation, project selection, a mentorship are the three key elements that must be addressed before the capstone experience is ready for the students. Next, we describe a way to execute the capstone design experience including design workshops and lead engineers. We describe the importance in assessing the capstone desig report recent assessment results of our framework. We commentspecifically on what students thought were the most important aspects of their exp engineering capstone design and provide quantitative insight into what parts of the framework are most important. First person, present tense No actual results, only describes the organization of the paper 15
- 17. Use in the Title and Abstract for enhanced Search Engine Optimization Paper Structure Keywords Appropriate Applicable Specific Searchable Logical 17
- 19. Generally known information about the topic Prior studies’ historical context to your research Your hypothesis and an overview of the results How the article is organized 19 • The introduction should be: • Specific, not too broad or vague • About 1-2 pages • Written in the present tense Paper Structure Introduction • A description of the problem you researched • It should move step by step through:
- 20. • Problem formulation and the processes used to solve the problem, prove or disprove the hypothesis • Use illustrations to clarify ideas and support conclusions: Tables Present representative data or when exact values are important to show Graphs Show relationships between data points or trends in data Figures Quickly show ideas/conclusions that would require detailed explanations Paper Structure Methodology 19 Fig. A
- 21. Discussion Results Paper Structure Results/discussion 21 Demonstrate that you solved the problem or made significant advances Results: Summarizes the Data • Should be clear and concise •Use figures or tables with narrative to illustrate findings Discussion: Interprets the Results • Why your research offers a new solution •How can it benefit other researchers professionals
- 22. • Explain what the research has achieved • As it relates to the problem stated in the Introduction • Revisit the key points in each section • Include a summary of the main findings and implications for the field • Provide benefits and shortcomings of: • The solution presented • Your research and methodology • Suggest future areas for research Paper Structure Conclusion 22
- 23. • Support and validate the hypothesis your research proves, disproves or resolves • There is no limit to the number of references • But use only those that directly support your work (about 30) • Ensure proper author attribution • Author name, article title, publication name, publisher, year published, volume and page number, Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Properly cited material Paper Structure References 23
- 24. A Report A report documents in detail the work done including results for a project and has a lead author and other multiple authors A Technical Paper 24 • It highlights one or more aspects of a report • Multiple papers can come out of one report • Include any and all who have contributed to the writing of the paper • Others can be acknowledged Who should be on the Authors’ list
- 25. Ethics 25
- 26. Conflict of Interest • A financial or other relationship with the publication at odds with the unbiased presentation of data or analysis. Plagiarism • Copying another person’s work word for word or paraphrasing without proper citation. Missing Author Attribution 26 • Must be given if you use another author’s ideas in your article, even if you do not directly quote a source. Ethics Types of misconduct
- 27. Plagiarism • Avoid plagiarism • Cite and separate any verbatim copied material – but how much? • Paraphrase other’s text properly, and include citation • Credit any ideas from other sources • Familiarize yourself with IEEE Policies Ethics Ethical publishing Refer to our Tips Sheet http://www.ieee.org/publica tions_standards/publications /authors/plagiarism_and_m ultiple_submissions.pdf 27
- 28. Duplication, Redundancies & Multiple Submissions • Author must submit original work that: • Has not appeared elsewhere for publication • Is not under review for another refereed publication • Cites previous work • Indicates how it differs from the previously published work • Authors MUST also inform the editor when submitting any previously published work Ethics Ethical publishing Refer to our Tips Sheet http://www.ieee.org/public ations_standards/publicati ons/authors/plagiarism_an d_multiple_submissions.pd f 28
- 30. Traditional Journals - Articles available through subscription Open Access Journals – Author pays, free download Hybrid Journals – Most articles are traditional, some are open access (author preference) 29
- 32. Next Steps Open Access Opportunity for IEEE Authors (Author pays model) IEEE provides 3 open access publishing options to meet the varying needs of authors: • New multidisciplinary journal, IEEE Access • 100+ Hybrid journals • Fully open access topical journals http://open.ieee.org/ 32
- 33. PES Full Open Access Option #2 A dedicated section on Power & Energy for publishing papers in the PES field in IEEE Access – The section will start from January 2020, submissions started in September 2019 – Paper will be handled by 3 PES-appointed Editors – APC: US$1750 33
- 34. Impact Factor 34
- 36. Discuss the content among team members Literature search – Reference List Description of the Experiment/Model Results/Discussion Write the Conclusion Collect the components – Prepare the draft All members comment on the draft Produce the final copy 36 Process of Writing the Paper