How to Write Requirements - How to MBSE PT.1
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The document outlines a webinar presented by Dr. Steven H. Dam on requirements management in the system lifecycle, focusing on effective gathering, baselining, and analysis of requirements. It emphasizes the importance of clarity, completeness, and traceability in requirements, along with methodologies such as functional analysis and the use of AI to enhance quality. Tools like Innoslate allow for the management of documentation and the creation of verification requirements, ultimately aiming to improve the quality and safety of projects.
How to Write Requirements - How to MBSE PT.1
- 1. HowtoWriteRequirements Presented by: Steven H. Dam, Ph.D., ESEP – Part One of the “How to MBSE” webinar series.
- 2. AskUsYourQuestions • Ask us your questions using the panel on the right • This presentation is being recorded and will be made available to you. • Contact us after the webinar through • support@Innoslate.com • Call 571.485.7800 • LinkedIn Innoslate User Group • Twitter 2 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 3. MeetYourHost • President and Founder of SPEC Innovations • Participated in the development of C4ISR and the DoDAF • Expert Systems Engineering Professionals Certificate • steven.dam@specinnovations.com • @stevenhdam 3 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 4. “HowtoMBSE”WebinarSeries: WhereDoesRequirementsManagementFitintotheSystemLifecycle? 4 Documentation Requirements Analysis Functional Analysis Verification Validation Risk Analysis Operations Analysis Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 5. AProvenRequirementsAnalysisProcess Source Documents External Interface Database User Needs Decompose Statements Critical Issue? Statement Verifiable? Determine Options and Perform Trade Studies See System Analysis and Control for details Resolve Issues with Customer YES NO Coordinate Changes to Make Statement Verifiable NO Review Statements and Risks with Customer Update Knowledgebase YES Identify Risks and Plan Mitigation Updated Requirements Traceability Matrix Preliminary Test Requirements Standards Selected Change Requests SE Knowledgebase Trace Requirements to Actions/Assets/Measures 5 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 6. WhatYouWillLearn • Gathering your requirements • Baselining and change management • Using AI to manage quality in your requirements • Checking for risk in your requirements • Adding relationships (traced, verified, and satisfied) • Creating reports and matrices • Creating verification requirements 6 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 7. BaseliningRequirements • “Once your requirements have been defined based on the baselined scope, they must be agreed to by all key stakeholders and formally baselined and controlled. Baselining your requirements before design puts your requirements under configuration control and the resulting configuration control process. ” • - Why Do We Need to Baseline Our Requirements 7 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 8. BaselineYour Requirements 8 Baselining your requirements allows for proper configuration control. Create baseline reports to send to stakeholders. Tips in Innoslate: Baselined documents will have vertical blue bars. If the vertical bar is blue in the live document, it signifies that the document has not changed from the last baseline. Seek stakeholder and team approvals using the comments panel on the left or through the workflow tool. Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 9. TwoMethods For Requirements Analysis • Heuristic Analysis • Functional Analysis 9 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 10. Performing heuristics analysis for requirements. 10 HeuristicAnalysis Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 11. Differencebetweenstatementsandrequirements Statements Requirements A statement specifies text referenced by the knowledgebase and usually contained in an Artifact. Descriptions that support the system. • Reports • White Papers • Planning Documents Example: Elvis is King! Our goal is to be the first on Mars. A requirement identifies a capability, characteristic, or quality factor of a system to have value and utility to the user. Example: The pump shall weigh no more than 1.2 kg. • Shall: requirement that is contractually binding, meaning it must be implemented, and its implementation verified • Will: Statements of Fact (Constraint, but not subject to verification) • Should: Desirable but not Necessary 11 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 12. CharacteristicsofGoodRequirements Clear: Unambiguous and not confusing Complete: Express a whole idea Correct: Describes the user’s true intent and is legally possible Consistent: Not in conflict with other requirements Design: Does not impose a specific solution on design; says “what”, Independent not “how” Feasible: Able to be implemented with existing technology, and within cost and schedule Traceable: Uniquely identified, and able to be tracked to predecessor and successor lifecycle items/objects Verifiable: Provable (within realistic cost and schedule) that the system meets the requirement 12 Reduces Communication Errors Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 13. HeuristicsforDevelopingRequirements Artificial Intelligence NLP Tools Can Assist Here • DON’T use ambiguous language • DON’T use bullet lists; use numbered lists instead • DON’T use jargon or acronyms • DON’T use language that provides an escape clause • Ex: “The user shall be able to access the Internet as often as is practicable” • DON’T write long, rambling sentences • DON’T put two requirements in one sentence • Ex: “The system shall … and …” • DON’T use vague terms • Ex: “user-friendly” • DON’T include suggestions or possibilities • Ex: “may”, “should”, “ought” • DON’T include wishful thinking • Ex: “The system shall be 100% reliable” 13 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 14. ChecktheQualityofYourRequirementsAutomatically 14 Innoslate checks for 6 of the 8 quality criteria using AI/NLP technology. Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 15. UseIntelligenceViewto AnalyzeforOtherHeuristics 15 • Intelligence View provides 68 heuristics for better overall modeling using NLP • These include 6 global heuristics and 9 specifically for requirements • Heuristics can be set by users to “Error”, “Warning”, and “Ignore” • Provides means to fix problems as well Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 16. DocumentManagement EnablesAnalysisofAllYour RequirementsDocuments 16 • Innoslate enables you to manage all your documentation, not just requirements documents • Innoslate’s cross projects feature enables sets of documents to be created and specific requirements used 16 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 17. TheSchemaEditorProvides theMeanstoCapture DifferentTypesInformation 17 • The 'Schema Editor' enables users to extend their project's current database schema to better meet their needs • Use cases include creating new classes (or subclasses), adding additional properties or relations on existing classes, creating new labels, and much more • We recommend care be used in modifying the schema to avoid duplication and confusion Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 18. UseLabelsforSortingandFiltering 18 • A label is an identifying short word or phrase used to classify similar entities into categories, much like a folder system is used to group together like projects • Differing from project folders, however, more than one label can be applied to each entity, allowing the user to categorize, and subsequently filter, similar entities as they see fit • Customize and edit labels in Schema Editor • https://help.innoslate.com/users-guide/schema-editor/customizing- labels/ Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 19. CreateReports 19 • Reports can be generated from Documents View for a specific document • Can also create saved queries in Database View to show tabular output • Use the settings to select columns and related classes • Save query for yourself or the entire project (if owner) Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 20. 20 FunctionalAnalysis Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 21. UseFunctionalandRisk AnalysistoDeriveGood Requirements 21 • Provides a means to model processes, from which you can derive good requirements • You can also execute this process to identify timing, resource, and other potential issues • Use risk diagrams to capture and track risks to the process and resulting requirements Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 22. DerivePerformance RequirementsUsing Simulation 22 • Innoslate and Sopatra provide discrete event and Monte Carlo simulation • Sopatra adds special features to determine if the process executes within the available operational time window (AOTW) Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 23. ProcessModelingcanincludetestprocesses 23 •Create Test Cases to generate action diagram •Link test process to test plan 23 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 24. UseTestCenterDevelopTest CasestoEnsureRequirements areVerifiable 24 Use Expected Results during planning Use Actual Results and status during V&V Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 25. UseTraceabilitySpiderDiagram toLinkBetweenRequirements, Actions,Assets,andTestCases • Shows how a single entity (database object) is related to the rest of the system • Drag and drop new entities and create relationships right from the diagram • Sidebar enabled Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 26. UseTraceabilityMatricesto EnsureRequirements Traceability • Traces between requirements and any other class of information can be made by clicking an “X” in the box • The Traceability Assist & Suspect Assist features use NLP algorithms to identify appropriate and inappropriate connections Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam 26
- 27. WhatAboutHumanErrors? • We discussed writing good requirements for medical device errors, but what about human errors • Sopatra takes a human factors engineering approach to develop and analyze procedures that work • NLP technology used to determine See & Hear cues and determine Long Term Memory needs 27 Create a free account at Sopatra.innoslate.com. Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 28. CreatingVerification Requirements 28 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 29. CreatingVerification Requirements 29 • Innoslate provides for the development of verification requirements • Labels provide the means to identify verification method(s) • Analysis • Demonstration • Inspection • Modeling & Simulation • Test Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 30. GenerateaVCRM 30 • The verification method labels are used to generate this report • Output is an MS Excel spreadsheet • Red bars show requirements that have no verification method selected Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 31. AnAlternativeApproach 31 • Add a new subclass of Statement: • Verification Requirement • Use the following attributes: • Verification Method • Acceptance Criteria • Evidence • Rationale • Add relationships • verifies • traced to Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 32. BeaRequirementsHero When We Write Good Requirements; There’s No News Story • Remember what we do matters • High-quality requirements save projects, products, systems, and lives • Develop high-quality requirements by using Innoslate’s Quality Checker and Intelligence View • Reduce medical staff errors by using Sopatra 32 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 33. Questions and Answers Use the panel on the right to ask your questions 33 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 34. Next Webinar “How to Develop and Simulate Models (with no coding experience!)” March 24, 2022, 11:00 am ET Go To Webinar 34 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 35. MoreResources SPEC Innovations offers training, books, videos, documentation, trials, and more Training: specinnovations.com/training Books: “Real MBSE” textbook and lab manual available on Amazon Videos: Visit the SPEC Innovations Youtube channel LinkedIn: Innoslate and Systems Engineers User Group Documentation: help.Innoslate.com Trial: cloud.Innoslate.com 35 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam
- 36. SPEC Innovations offers training, books, videos, documentation, trials, and more Thank you! Visit cloud.innoslate.com for a trial. SPEC Innovations @Innoslate Innoslate User Group Innoslate.com/blog 571.485.7800 innoslate.com 36 Proprietary of SPEC Innovations® February 17, 2022, Dr. Steven Dam