How-to use off-the-shelf software packages to perform power systems analysis

Howto use offtheshelf software packages to perform power systems analysis

Power systems, modern languages, open source OS, software & programming

Contents:

Chapter 1: Spread sheets fundamentals.


Chapter 2: Basic operation and fundamental calculations of power systems analysis.


Chapter 3: Fault calculations.


Chapter 4: Load flow studies.


Appendix A: Using Quickbasis to perform power systems studies.
Appendix B:Using HTML and Javascript to perform power systems studies.
Note: This online version of this book does not include the sketches and illustrations.

Chapter 1
Spread sheets fundamentals

Introduction:
Power systems analysis and calculations can be performed using offtheshelf spread sheet software
packages. The workbook (notebook) can be customized through the addition of menus and other
toolbars (or modifying the existing ones). In this book Borland Quattro Pro and Microsoft Excel will be
used to demonstrate how spread sheet programs can be modified and customized to become a tool for
the electrical power systems analyst.
Spread sheet fundamentals:
A standard spread sheet program that operates under DOS/Windows operating system will have the
following main parts:
1) The cells of the work sheet: the working area is divided into rectangles (which are called cells), each
rectangle is identified by a letter (indicating a column) and a number (indicating a row). The workbook
(or notebook as other suppliers of these packages call) will have more than one worksheet (or page).
The workbook is a file that can accept user input and then be saved to the hard disk or floppy diskette.
The user can move from one worksheet to another, add more worksheets or remove any of them.
2) The menu bar: it will have menu elements and subelements that will allow the user to perform the
tasks he/she would like to do like having a new worksheet appearing on the screen (on the monitor) in
front of him/her, adding data, formatting it and then saving the file (by giving it a name) or opening an
existing file making some modifications to it then saving it.
3) The toolbar: it is a bar with small squares (icons), if any of the icons is pressed the specific task is
performed.
4) The data entry box: when the cursor (selector) is on a cell (i.e. a cell is chosen), the content (data) in
the cell will appear in this box for the user to change. If the cell is empty, the user can enter the new
data, it will appear in this box until he/she presses Enter or click the correct sign (adjacent to this box),
after which the data is placed in the, previously, highlighted (chosen) cell.
5) The message box (status bar): it is a box close to the bottom of the screen. When the mouse (cursor)
is moved to a command (on the member) of the menu bar or to the icon on the toolbar, a brief
description (help tip) of what this command or icon will do is displayed in such a box.
Customizing such types of software packages is achieved through the use of macros and/or
programming languages, function of the package itself. A macro is a stored series of keystrokes special
keys, commands that can be played back. Macros are created by recording or typing them in. More
about macros later in this chapter.
The menu bars of spread sheets:
For a typical software package operating under Windows platform on a PC, the following main items
may be seen on the main menu of the program: FILE, EDIT, BLOCK, DATA, TOOLS, GRAPH,
PROPERTY, VIEW, INSERT and FORMAT. The file entry may have underneath it the following
options: NEW (which will give the user a blank i.e. new work book), OPEN (which enables the user to
open an existing file the worksheets to add to or modify), CLOSE which will cllose the file without
saving the changes made from the last SAVE command), SAVE (which will save the document i.e.
worksheets including all the changes or additions made up till this point), SAVEAS (save the
worksheet on the screen under the name the user will enter at the prompt i.e. in the dialog box), PRINT

PREVIEW (will show the user what he will get on the printer, if he gives the command PRINT to the
machine), PRINT (will print the range to the printer i.e. producing a hard copy of what is shown on the
screen), PAGE SETUP (enables the user to enter the page setup eg. margins, size,...). The last
important item that may be found under FILE is Printer Setup (which gives the options to the user to
select the printer, the port to which the printer is connected or to redirect to file rather than to the
printer port) Under the EDIT menu, there may be the following submenu items: Undo (revert to the
condition before the last change/modification/typing,..etc.), Cut (remove the highlighted portion from
the working document and put it in another location in the RAM, where it can be put pasted into
another portion of the current document or a new one), Copy (copies the highlighted portion in the
current document into the RAM where it can be used later), Paste (taking what has been copied into the
clipboard RAM to the current document at the position indicated by the cursor), Clear (delete all
highlighted parts), Paste Special (gives the user the options of choosing to paste formula or value only
avoid pasting blanks,..etc.), Paste Format (the pasted information will include formatted data), Goto
(page, cell, column, row), Search & Replace (searches the first occurrence or all occurrences of the
word or data inputted by the user and replace it or them with that or those specified by the user), Define
Style (for the different styles eg. normal, currency, heading 1, heading 2,..etc., indicate the properties
eg. alignment, format, protection, shading, text colour,..etc.). For the BLOCK menu item, the following
can be found underneath it: Move (the user indicated data from which cell range block to which block
of cells), Copy from which block to which one), Insert (allows the user to enter rows, columns, files &
pages), Delete (allows the user to remove full rows, columns or pages), Fill (allows the user to
automatically fill blocks, rows or columns with numbers depending on the series selected by the user),
Names (allows the user to create names to certain areas ranges or blocks of the worksheet to facilitate
the manipulation of data, it also allows the user to delete unwanted names or all names), Transpose
(exchange columns by rows and vice versa, the user enter the range from to that has to be transposed),
Move Pages or worksheet (allows the user to move a page from a position to another within the file set
of pages or worksheets before that specified by the user). Under the menu element, the following
subitems: Sort (allows the user to enter the block to be sorted, the sort keys primary & secondary,
column ascending or descending and data i.e. labels text & values), Form (lets the user creates a form
for entering & finding records), Query (allows the user to set the data base block, criteria table &
output blocks), Parse (breaks down long labels into individual cells used for example when word
processing files are imported int worksheets of spread sheets programs), Whatif (allows the user to
modify one or two variables in the worksheet and observe the changes in other dependent variables in
the worksheet, this feature is very important as an analysis tool to see, lets say, the profit due to the
increase or decrease in volume of sales, or due to change in the number of the workforce or in the unit
price of the different available products). Under the TOOLS main menu item, the following subitems
may be found: Macro which provides the user with the necessary commands to create, run & debug
macros; Spell check checks the spelling of the words in the notebook & graphics, Consolidator merges
blocks (of cells) thus altering the data with the functions as selected by the user; Define group defines
page groups for simultaneous operations on several pages; Combine merges 2 notebook files into one;
Extract copies a part of a notebook to a separate file; Update links opens, updates, changes or deletes a
notebook links; Analysis tools displays a list of advanced statistical, financial & engineering analysis
tools; Speedbar designer allows the user to create his custom speedbar; Advanced math allows the user
to access matrix & math tools. Under the GRAPH menu the following may be found: Type which
changes the graph type (line, pie, ribbon, 3D..etc.); Series defines or redefines the spread sheet data
(which cells) to be plotted in the graph; Titles allows the user to add a title, subtitle & axis titles to the
graph; New creates a new graph from the selected (cells); Edit brings a graph into a graph window

ready for editing; Insert places an existing graph as a floating graph on a spread sheet page; Delete
erases a graph from an active notebook; Copy copies a graph or selected attributes of a graph to a new
or existing graph within the same notebook, what can be copied are graph style (all graph properties),
graph , annotation objects or a combination thereof; View displays a full screen view of the graph.
Under the PROPERTIES, the following may be found: Current object displays a dialog box for the
current object which may be any of a check box, bitmap button, combo box, colour control;
Application allows the user to change any of the following application properties display, currency,
date/time formats, startup directory, currency/punctuation/date & time format; Active notebook allows
the user to determine calculation mode, zoom factor, display of notebook macro library; Active page
allows the user to enter page name, line colour, label alignment, display of zeros, default width, borders
& gridlines. Under the VIEW menu item, the user may find Normal which allows the user to view the
spread sheet as is; Page break preview shows the user where the page ends & allows him to adjust it;
Toolbars allows the user to choose the toolbars he wants displayed on the screen like standard toolbar,
formatting, chart, control tool box, drawings, forms, picture, Visual Basic,..etc.; Formula bar or Status
bar allows the user to show or not show the formula or status bar; Full screen shows the notebook as
full screen without any menus, control, tool or status bars; Zoom allows the user to set the
magnification percentage of the displayed notebook on the screen (for example from 200% to custom
magnification). Under the INSERT  menu item, the user may find Cells insert which allows the user to
shift cells to the right, shift them to the left, insert an entire row or an entire column; Insert rows inserts
a row at the cursor (highlighter); Insert columns inserts a column at the cursor; Worksheet inserts a
worksheet and shows as the top sheet on the screen; Chart it gives the user the sequence of dialog
boxes that would allow him to insert a chart including chart type (column, bar, line, pie, XY scatter,
area, doughnut, surface, cylinder, cone, pyramid,..etc.),  range, series, titles (chart, Xaxis & Yaxis),
axis, guidelines, legend,  labels &  table; Page break inserts a page break; Function gives the user the
choice from function category or function name; Name allows the user to define, paste, create, apply or
label a name to a range, Picture inserts a picture from a gallery or inserts a picture file; Object allows
the user to insert an object in the worksheet in front of him, as create new (becomes part of the current
file) or as create from file (i.e. to later modify, the original application program is opened and the
changes are made under the original application program controlDDE). Under the FORMAT, there
are: Cells allows the user to  format the highlighted cells; Rows allows the user to set the height, hide/
unhide & auto fit; Columns allows the user to set the width,  auto fit, hide/ unhide & standard width;
Sheet allows the user to rename it, hide/unhide, background; Style which can be modified by the user
based on predefined characteristics (parameters in the style name) number appearance, alignment, font,
borders, pattern & protection and Autoformat which allows the user to choose a pre formatted style
with specific text font types, size, cell background colour, borders,...etc. (the dialog box shows a
sample of the preformatted style).
The macros:
A macro is a stored series of keystrokes, special keys and commands that can be played back. Macros
are created by typing or recording them. Macro commands can be divided into the following
categories: keyboard, screen, interactive, program flow, cell, file, command equivalents, DDE, user
interface building, object, miscellaneous and analysis tools. The first category can be subdivided into 4
subcategories: movement keys, function keys, status keys and other and is responsible for the
emulation action of the various keys on the keyboard. The second is responsible for the display, the
third will enable the user to create macros that display dialog boxes and pause for the user to enter data
from the keyboard, the fourth gives the person preparing the macro the ability to loop and branch in a
macro, the fifth will affect the data stored in specified cells, the sixth allows the operation on data in

files other than the active ones, the seventh will allow the emulation of menu commands, the eighth
(Dynamic Exchange) allows the communication with other Windows applications, the ninth allows the
person preparing the macro to change the appearance of the menu bar, the tenth allows the macro
creator to create/move resize/select/change the properties of objects (blocks, notebooks, graphs, graph
objects, dialog boxes objects, floating objects & applications), the eleventh allows the insertion of
characters & commands in the macro in addition to a variety of other tasks and finally the twelfth
allows the performance of numerical analyses. Macros are the heart of every application, they are the
primary method, the user utilizes to pull all his application components together. Macros are used to
display dialog boxes, to automate tasks, to duplicate keyboard & mouse actions, change the active
menus, affect the screen display, select reposition resize objects, to prompt users for input. Planning
before writing a macro may save a lot of time later. If the macro involves menu commands, step
through them first, writing down each action involved. If it involves special macro commands, know
exactly what the user has to enter as the command arguments after each macro command; its position
can affect the macro's behaviour. Certain available application programs uses programming language
like Visual Basic for application to customize the look and behaviour of such programs rather than
macros. In either case the use of flow chart as part of the planning process can assist the programmer
while entering the macro (by typing or recording) or writing the program. A flow chart is a diagram
showing the actions & decisions a macro (or a program) steps through while running. Boxes in the
chart contain an action the macro performs. Diamonds contain decisions the macro must make to
determine the next step. Arrows show where to go after a step is completed. Arrows exiting a diamond
have a decision listed next to them dictating the next step. Flow charts do not show actual macro (or
programming language statements), they show the planning & logic behind a macro (a module or a
program).
When applications are created for the user's specific needs a couple of macros become very important.
The first is the startup macro, which runs automatically upon opening the pertinent file. This macro
must adjust the user interface tools of the program like the menu bars and tool bars. The second
important macro is the exit one, which is responsible for the clean up steps when the user decides to
exit or close the application. Such macro will reset the user interface tools to their default i.e. the menu
bar and the tool bars will revert to their standard as furnished by the supplier software package. In
Quattro Pro, each time the user opens a file (notebook), the software looks for a macro with
_NBSTARTMACRO and if is found, the macro is run (executed). The exit macro (in Quattro Pro, it is
named _NBEXITMACRO) is run after the command to close the notebook is given. The software
branches to that macro and executing it before closing. In Quattro Pro, the user input is usually
obtained through the dialog boxes. These are rectangular in shape with labels, push buttons, edit fields
and other controls. The other controls are: check box, radio (option) button, spin control, rectangle and
group box. The labels clarifies to the user what a control does. The push buttons perform a specific
action when the user clicks it the developer (the person designing and writing the macros of the
application) determines what that action is based on the user needs. The edit fields are the locations in
the dialog boxes where the user types his input (specific information). When the OK push button is
clicked by the user, it is such data that get acted upon by the macro. The check box presents a yes or no
choice to the user. They are usually placed within group boxes. The option buttons are usually grouped
to give the user a mutually exclusive list. The spin control allows the user clicking an arrow to increase
or decrease the value it displays or to type a value in. The rectangle allows grouping (in appearance)
two or more controls together. A group box contains other controls like radio buttons and check boxes
with a title at the top. Link commands (statements) are most of the time attached to controls as link
commands indicate to the controls what should happen when the user changes or selects the control.

Link command will specify at least three things: event, action, object. The number of things to be
specified is function of the control type, for instance a push button will specify three things event (eg.
clicked), an action (do macro) and an object (the macro name). The edit field will specify five things:
event (eg. valuechanged), an action (eg. send), an object (eg. value), another object (cell address eg.
A:C2) and finally another object (eg. value). Most of the times the developer will have a list to pick
from: events list, action list and object lists. Sometimes the objects are specified by the developer like a
name of a macro or a cell in the notebook where he/she wants the inputted data to be placed in. A
control can have more than one link command that has to respond to the same event. The list of link
events will have the following options: init (the dialog box is about to appear, initial settings are set
using this option), Init complete (it occurs after immediately after all controls have run all link
commands that respond to Init, it is only available with dialog boxes themselves), OKExit (the user
closes the dialog box, the link command runs before the dialog box closes), CancelExit (the user
cancels the dialog box, the link command runs before the dialog box closes), Clicked (the user clicks
the control), Right_bdown (the user rightclicks), Left_bdown (the user points to the control and is
holding down the left mouse button, releasing the button generates a Clicked event), Doubleclick
(theuser double clicks the control), Valuechanged (the user changes the value of the control eg. a text
edit field, the event occurs any time the value is changed by user, link or macro command), Activate
(the user has chosen the control for manipulation eg. clicking an edit field generates this event,
Valuechanged trapped the final result), Deactivate (the user has chosen another control), Enter (the user
presses Enter in an edit field), Lineup (the user increases the scroll bar's value by clicking a scroll
arrow available only on scroll bar controls), Linedown (the user decreases the scroll bar's value by
clicking a scroll arrow), Pageup (the user increases the scroll bar's value by clicking it between a scroll
arrow and the scroll box), Pagedown (the user decreases the scroll bar's value by clicking it between
the down scroll arrow and the scroll box), Thumb (the user clicks or drags the scroll bar's scroll box),
Editdynamic (the user is inserting or deleting characters in the combo box's edit field, combo box
controls only), Trigger (it is used to set link commands that can only be run by other link commands, it
can not be generated by any user action), Alarm (the time of day specified in the timer's Alarm Time
property has been reached time controls only), Timer (the amount of time indicated in the timer's
Timer Interval property has elapsed). The properties that are available to the developer to change and
modify when it comes to the DIALOG BOX (WINDOW) are: the dimensions (specifies the exact size
and position of the dialog window), the title (specifies the title of the dialog box, which the user will
see), the position adjust (specifies how the dialog box moves when the controlling program window is
resized), the grid options (shows or hides a grid and sets the number of pixels between grid lines), the
name (it is used to identify the dialog box in macros, link commands and formulas), disabled option
(disables all controls in the dialog box) and value (current setting of dialog box). The OK push button
control which is a special case of the push button control has the following properties: bitmap(specifies
a bit map file to appear on a button), label text (specifies the text appearing on the button), text draw
flags (defines the location of label text on the bitmap button), default button (specifies the default
button in the dialog box, which button is executed when Enter is pressed), button type (specifies the
type of button), dimension (specifies the exact size and position of the bitmap button), hidden choice
(specifies whether the bitmap button is visible in the dialog box, it is visible when editing), object ID
(specifies the bitmap button's identification number), position adjust (specifies how an attached element
moves when the bitmap button is resized), name (used to identify the bitmap button in macros, link
commands & formulas), help line (a brief description indicating the purpose of such control), grayed
choice (specifies whether the bitmap button can be used, if grayed it can not be used), disabled choice
(behaves like grayed but does not dim the control), depend on (specifies the area in the parent program

in which the bitmap will appear when the dialog box displays), tab stop (determines whether the bitmap
button can be activated by pressing the tab key from the keyboard) , object help (determines the
contents of Object help for the selected object), enabled choice (its function is the opposite of disabled),
show (its function is the opposite of hidden), value (current setting of bitmap button). The developer
can use the field type property to restrict the type of information the user can enter into edit field
control (i.e. restrict the type of information the edit field will accept). There five types of fields: integer
(restricts user entry to integers, this types adds three more properties: maximum, minimum and default
referring to the integers to be inputted by the user), string (this is the default edit field type, it accepts
any text a user enters including numbers), real (accepts any number or formula), block (accepts only
cell addresses or block coordinates) and hidden (accepts any text but displays a pound (#) sign for each
character entered). The edit field properties are: field type (determines the allowable type of input), edit
length (specifies the maximum number of characters in the edit field), allow point mode (lets the
pointer be used to select a block while a dialog box is displayed), show frame (displays a box around
the field), terminate dialog option (if set to yes, pressing Enter triggers the default button mentioned
above), convert text (allows insertion of a new line and tabs in an edit field), dimension (specifies the
exact size & position of the edit field), hidden (specifies whether the edit field is visible in the dialog
box), object ID (the edit field's identification number), position adjust (specifies how an attached
element moves when the edit field is resized), name (is used to identify the edit field in macros, link
commands and formulas), help line (a brief description that appears at the bottom of the parent program
window), grayed option (specifies whether the edit field can be used or not), disabled option (behaves
like grayed but does not dim the control), depend on (specifies the area in the parent program in which
the edit field appears when the dialog box is displayed), process value (setting this property to yes lets
the macro command {DODIALOG} access the edit field's value), tab stop (determines whether the edit
field can be activated by Tab key), object help (determines the contents of Object Help for the selected
object), enabled option (it is the opposite of disabled), show (it is the opposite of hidden), value (it is
the current setting of the edit field). The label control properties are: label text (inputs text to appear
adjacent to a dialog control), label font (determines label format), text draw flags (defines the location
of label text adjacent to a dialog box control), dimension (specifies the exact and position of the label
text), hidden (specifies whether the label is visible in the dialog box), object ID (it is the label text's
identification number), position adjust (specifies how an attached element moves when its parent is
resized), name (it is used to identify the label text), grayed option (specifies whether the can be used or
not), disabled option (behaves like grayed but does not dim the control), depend on (specifies the area
of the parent program in which the label text appears when the dialog box displays), process value
(setting this property to yes lets the macro command {DODIALOG} access the label text's value),
enabled (the opposite of disabled), show (the opposite of hidden) and value (the current setting of the
label text). As can be seen from the aforementioned, certain properties are duplicated between the
different types of controls. All the properties that may be found in the dialog box (UI) or in all the
different types of controls are: add down button, alarm on, alarm time, allow point mode, attach child,
bitmap, button type, convert text, current time, default, default button, depend on, dimension, disabled,
draw to right, edit disabled, edit length, enabled, field type, fill color, frame color, grayed, grid option,
group text, help line, hidden, history list, interval in units, label font, label text, list, list length,
maximum, minimum, name, number of columns, object help, object ID, ordered, parameters, position
adjust, process value, rectangle style, resize, selected, selection text, show, show frame, show time, tab
stop, terminate dialog, text draw flags, timer on, title, units in milliseconds, value. The other controls
that have not been mentioned so far are: bitmap button, color control, combo box, edit integer, file
control, horizontal scroll bar, list box, pick list, scroll bar, and time control. A special notebook can be

reserved for only macros. The macros stored in such notebook can be accessed from any other
notebook. Some of the advantages of storing macros in a library are: it simplifies linked access; it
makes easier to keep track of where macros are; the macros will not interfere with the notebook data
and vice versa (although the last page iv can always be reserved for macros only); if macros are used
for more than one notebook, using a library will save disk space; a separate set of macros can be
created for each application or each notebook. Before starting to build an application, the developer
should follow the following steps:
1) Planning for an application: which includes determining the tasks that the user would like to
accomplish; finding existing features or applications that perform tasks similar to those required by the
user and obtain the user's opinion (how to modify these features to suit him best); keeping the
application (the set of  macros) simple, the user interface (menus and toolbars) easy to use and all the
development work well documented, always provide help messages and help lines for the users within
the application (if the main user interface elements are not clear enough).
2) Designing an application: during the development process, involve the user always and obtain
his/her feedback; keeping all the macros, dialog boxes and menus for a single application organized in
one notebook; define and follow a set of rules for naming and storing components of the applications;
keeping all the application files in a specific directory; including all pertinent development notes in the
application; limiting user access to critical components of the application; restoring the standard
settings of the software after the user exits the application.
The computer programming languages:
Computer languages are code or statements or functions that control the operation of the personal
computer and let it do what the user wants. These languages can broadly classified into procedural (for
example Quickbasic) and object oriented (example C++). The basic tasks of any programming
language can be summarized into: building loops and decision structures, defining & calling procedures
(subroutines or functions), inputting/outputting to devices (printers, keyboard or monitor),
inputting/outputting  to files (on hard or floppy disks), manipulating and transforming strings (to &
from the different structures), displaying graphics images and setting traps for events & errors (making
software package more robust). For example in Quickbasic there are statements (approximately 280 of
them), functions, keywords and metacommands. In Visual Basic for applications which come with
Microsoft Excel program for example, there are statements (about 87), functions (about 156),  methods
(about 11), 17 operators, 13 data types, 24 constants and 67 keywords. Procedural languages can be
defined as a series of procedures that act upon. It is  a set of specific instructions executed one after the
other. The data is quite separate from the procedures. A derived type of programming called structured
which means breaking down complex tasks into self contained smaller ones. The most commonly used
type of programming languages is the object oriented programming (OOP). This type of programming
is built on 4 principles: encapsulation,  hiding, inheritance (reuse) and polymorphism. The property of
being selfcontained unit is called encapsulation, the encapsulated unit when is used without
(necessarily) knowing how it works is called hiding.
The creation of (new) userdefined types (classes) offers the encapsulation hiding properties to the
program. A new type can be declared from an existing one (thus it is an extension of an existing
object). It inherits the properties of the existing type (class) as well as additions to the new object can
be made to modify its response and output. Polymorphism means the same name may take many forms
but makes the right (expected) thing (through the choice of the right objects). The source code is a file
written in one of the programming languages using the appropriate statements, techniques and syntax.
This file is saved in an ASCII format. Most available development packages (programming software)
have their own editing environment where the programmer can type/enter his/her source code and then

saves the file. The next step would be to make the source code file an executable one, with which the
computer can run it from its operating system. In order to achieve this goal, the source code file has to
be compiled (the source code file remains as is, but two other files are created the one with .OBJ
extension & the executable one with .EXE extension). The programmer can compile the source code
file into an executable one at the operating system prompt (by inputting the appropriate command) or
from the menu from within the development environment. Thus the compiler is a software that takes
the high level language file and converts it into machine language. A library is a collection of linkable
files that the programmer creates, are supplied by the compiler or are purchased separately. A function
is a block of code that performs a service (adding 2 numbers together or printing a character to a
screen). A class is a collection of data and related functions. The programmer may use the linker to
create an operable program with libraries using the following steps: he/she prepares the source code file
(written in high level language), compiles the source code file and finally links the files with .OBJ
extension with the needed libraries to produce an operable program. In C++ language, the main files
that are used to produce a program are: the header, methods and implementation. The methods file will
refine the functions declared in the header file, the implementation one (having the main function in it)
will use the header file (.H extension) & the methods file (.CPP extension) to get the required results
from the program. For a short program, it will, typically, have the following components: list of header
files, list of global variables & their  types, the base class, the definition of the functions declared in the
class and finally the main function (the entry point to the program). The main topics of C++ language
are: predefined & created classes, pointers & references, overloading functions & operators, creating
objects at run time, arguments & return values, containers and templates. The main statements,
keywords & functions in C++ language can be classified broadly into: prompts & user input,output  to
screen or  file, control of program flow, looping  (iteration) of certain program instruction, operators &
trigonometric functions, classes, specifiers, identifiers, pointers & references, constructors and
operators. On the other hand, for the Quickbasic (which is a procedural language) the statements,
functions and keywords can be classified broadly into: prompts & user  input, output  to screen or file,
control of program flow, subroutines & programs chaining, looping (iterations) operators. Examples to
show the syntax of Quickbasic language: INPUT which allows input from keyboard, PRINT prints  on
screen, IF...THEN allows conditional execution based on the evaluation of the expression following IF.
For the C++ language: cin allows input from the keyboard while the program is running, iostream.h (a
header file) should be included in the source code file (# include <iostream.f>), cout outputs  to the
screen, same header file as cin should be include in the source code file, if allows conditional execution
based on the evaluation of the expression following the if, switch...case allows conditional execution
based on the evaluation of the expression after switch and performs the instructions following the
applicable case statement, while repeats a block of statements while a condition a true. Most of the
examples using Excel program that will be given in this book use programs that were originally written
in Quickbasic language, although slightly modified to suit the programming language provided with
Excel (Visual Basic for Applications VBA). The original programs were writtten in Quickbasic, by
the author, they had their own user interface through menu screens and prompts. When they are
adapted to the offtheshelf software packages, the interface of the latter is used instead of the original
interface. These original programs were written and given the title "The Series of Short Programs for
Power Systems Analysts".
Simple examples and analysis in Excel VBA language and Quattro Pro macros:
Excel of Microsoft: Before getting to the examples, a few important definitions and other explanation
of control and properties will be presented.
Definition of common terms:

Class module: is a module that contains the definition of a class, including its property & method
definitions.
Method: an action that an object performs (on itself).
Collection: an object that contains several other objects.
Event: an action recognized by an object.
Module: a set of declarations followed by procedures. Procedures in a module are classified into
functions and subroutines procedures.
Modulelevel declarations: describe the code in the declaration section of a module. Any code outside a
procedure is referred to as module level code. Declarations must be listed first, followed by procedures.

Object: is an element of an application.
Property: is an attribute of an object that defines one of the object's characteristics.
Purpose of common commands and statements:
Sub: declares the name, arguments and code that form the body of a Sub procedure.
Private: is used at module level to declare private variables and allocate storage space.
Set: assigns an object reference to a variable or property.
With: executes a series of statements on a single object or a user defined type.
Sheets property: returns a sheets collection that represents all the sheets in the workbook.
Select method: selects the required object.
Range property: return a Range object that represents a cell or a range of cells.
CommandBars property: returns a CommandBars object that represents the software program
command bars.
ActiveMenuBar property: returns a CommandBar object that represents the active menu bar in the
container application.
Controls property: returns a CommandBarControls object that represents all the controls on the
specified command bar or popup control.
CommandBarControls property: is a collection of CommandBarControl objects that represent the
command bar controls on a command bar.
Add method: adds an object to a collection.
InputBox method: displays a dialog box for user input, it returns the information entered into the dialog
box (replaces Input statement in Quickbasic).
MsgBox function: displays a message in a dialog box, waits for the user to click a button and returns an
Integer indicating which button the user clicked.
Print method: prints text in the Immediate pane of the Debug window.
Print #: writes displayformatted data to a sequential file (equivalent to Quickbasic).
Open: enables input/output to a file (equivalent to Quickbasic statement).
Debug object: sends output to Immediate window at run time (it is used in conjunction with Print eg.
Debug.Print)
Microsoft Excel contents of Controls toolbox: the standard controls included in the controls tool box
are: Check box, Text box, Command Button, Radio button, List box, Combo box, Toggle button, Spin
button, Scroll bar, Label and Image.
Properties of each of the commonly used controls:
1) The properties of the check box that can be set by the developer (or user) are: Accelerator,
Alignment, AutoSize, BackColor, BackStyle, BoundValue, Caption, ControlSource, ControlTipText,
Enabled, Font object, ForeColor, Height/Width, HelpContextID, LayoutEffect, Left/Top, Locked,

MouseIcon, MousePointer, Name, Object, OldHeight/OldWidth, OldLeft/OldTop, Parent, Picture,
PicturePosition, SpecialEffect, TabIndex, TabStop, Tag, TrippleState, Value, Visible & Wordwrap.
2) The properties of the text box: AutoSize, AutoTab, AutoWordSelect, BackColor, BackStyle,
BorderColor, BorderStyle, BoundValue, CanPaste, ControlSource, ControlTipText, CurLine,
CurTargetX, CurX, DragBehavior, DropButtonStyle, Enabled, EnterFieldBehavior, EnterKeyBehavior,
Font object, ForeColor, Height/Width, HelpContextID, HideSelection, IMEMode, IntegralHeight,
LayoutEffect, Left/Top, LineCount, Locked, MaxLength, MouseIcon, Multiline, Name, Object,
OldHeight/OldWidth, OldLeft/OldTop, Parent, PasswordChar, ScrollBArs, SelectionMargin,
SelLength, SelStart, SelText, ShowDropButtonWhen, SpecialEffect, TabIndex, TabKeyBehavior,
TabStop, Tag, Text, TextAlign, TextLength, Value, Visible, WordWrap.
3) The properties of the command button: Accelerator, AutoSize, BackColor, BoundValue, Cancel,
BackStyle, Caption, ControTipText, Default, Enabled, ForeColor, Height/Width, HelpContextID,
LayoutEffect, Left/Top, Locked, MouseIcon, MousePointer, Name, Object, OldHeight/OldWidth,
OldLeft/OldTop, Parent, Picture, PicturePosition, TabIndex, TabStop, Tag, TakeFocusOnClick, Value,
Visible, WordWrap.
4) The properties of the radio (option) button: Accelerator, Alignment, AutoSize, BackColor,
BackStyle, BoundVAlue, Caption, ControlSource, ControlTipText, Enabled, Font object, Forecolor,
GroupName, Height/Width, HelpContextID, LayoutEffect, Left/Top, Locked, MouseIcon,
MousePointer, Name, Object, OldHeight/OldWidth, OldLeft/OldTop, Parent, Picture, PicturePosition,
SpecialEffect, TabIndex, TabStop, Tag, TripleState, Value, Visible, WordWrap.
5) The properties of the list box: BackColor, BorderColor, BorderStyle, BoundColumn, BoundValue,
Column, ColumnCount, ColumnHeads, ColumnWidths, ControlSource, ControlTipText, Enabled, Font
object, ForeColor, Height/Width, HelpContextID, IMEMode, IntegralHeight, LayoutEffect, Left/Top,
List, ListCount, ListIndex, ListStyle, Locked, MatchEntry, MouseIcon, MousePointer, MultSelect,
Name, Object, OldHeight/OldWidth, OldLrft/OldTop, Parent, RowSource, Selected, SpecialEffect,
TabIndex, TabStop, Tag, Text, TextColumn, TopIndex, Value, Visible.
6) The Properties of the combo box: AutoSize, AutoTab, AutoWordSelect, BackColor, BackStyle,
BorderColor, BorderStyle, BoundColumn, BoundValue, CanPaste, ColumnCount, ColumnHeads,
ColumnWidths, ControlSource, ControlTipText, CurTargetX, CurX, DragBehavior, DropButtonStyle,
Enabled, EnterFieldBehavior, Font object, ForeColor, Height/Width, HelpContextID, HideSelection,
IMEMode, LayoutEffect, Left/Top, LineCount, List, ListCount, ListIndex, ListRows, ListStyle,
ListWidth, Locked, MatchEntry, MatchFound, MatchRequired, MaxLength, MouseIcon,
MousePointer, Name, Object, OldHeight/OldWidth, OldLeft/OldTop, Parent, RowSource,
SelectionMargin, SelLength, SelStart, SelText, ShowDropButtonWhen, SpecialEffect, Style, TabIndex,
TabStop, Tag,Text, TextAlign, TextColumn, TextLength, TopIndex, Value, Visible.
7) The properties of the toggle button: Accelerator, Alignment, AutoSize, BackColor, BackStyle,
BoundValue, Caption, ControlSource, ControlTipText, Enabled, Font, ForeColor, Height/Width,
HelpContextID, LayoutEffect, Left/Top, Locked, MouseIcon, MousePointer, Name, Object,
OldHeight/OldWidth, OldLeft/OldTop, Parent, Picture, PicturePosition, SpecialEffect, TabIndex,
TabStop, Tag, TripleState, Value, Visible, WordWrap.
8) The properties of the spin button: BackColor, BoundValue, ControlSource, ControlTipText, Delay,
Enabled, ForeColor, Height/Width, HelpContextID, LayoutEffect, Left/Top, Max/Min, MouseIcon,
MousePointer, Name, Object, OldHeight/OldWidth, OldLeft/OldTop, Orientation, Parent, SmallRange,
TabIndex, TabStop, Tag, Value, Visible.
9) The properties of the scroll bar: BackColor, BounValue, ControlSource, ControlTipText, Delay,
Enabled, ForeColor, Height/Width, HelpContextID, LargeChange, LayoutEffect, Left/Top, Max/Min,

MouseIcon, MousePointer, Name, Object, OldHeight/OldWidth, OldLeft/OldTop, Orientation, Parent,
ProportionalThumb, SmallChange, TabIndex, TabStop, Tag, Value, Visible.
10) The properties of the label: Accelerator, AutoSize, BackColor, BackStyle, BorderColor,
BorderStyle, Caption, ControlTipText, Enabled, Font Object, ForColor, Height/Width, LayoutEffect,
Left/Top, MouseIcon, MousePointer, Name, Object, OldHeight/OldWidth, OldLeft/OldTop, Parent,
Picture.
11) The properties of the image: AutoSize, BackColor, BackStyle, BorderColor, BorderStyle,
ControlTipText, Enabled, Height/Width, LayoutEffect, Left/Top, MouseIcon, MousePointer, Name,
Object, OldHeight/OldWidth, OldLeft/OldTop, Parent, PictureAlignment, PictureSizeMode,
PictureTiling, SpecialEffect, Tag, Visible.
A brief description for the purpose of each of the available properties of the controls contained in the
toolbox:
1) Accelerator: sets or retrieves the accelerator key for a control (ctrl + key from keyboard, eg. a or b or
c or...etc.).
2) Alignment: specifies the position of a control with respect to its caption, i.e. to its left or to its right.
3) AutoSize: specifies whether an object automatically resizes to display its entire contents in the
control (or does not resize and the contents are clipped).
4) AutoTab: specifies whether an automatic tab occurs when a user enters the maximum allowable
number of characters into the TextBox control or the text box portion of a ComboBox.
5) AutoWordSelect: specifies whether a word or character is the basic unit used to extend a selection, it
specifies how the selection extends or contracts in the edit region of a TextBox or ComboBox.
6) BackColor: specifies the background colour of the object.
7) BackStyle: returns or sets the background style for an object.
8) BorderColor: specifies the color of an object's border.
9) BorderStyle: specifies the type of border used by a control or form.
10) BoundColumn: identifies the source of data in a multicolumn ComboBox or ListBox.
11) BoundValue: contains the value of a control when that control receives the focus.
12) CanPaste: specifies whether the Clipboard contains data that the object support.
13) Caption: descriptive text that appears on an object to describe it.
14) Column: specify one or more items in a ListBox or ComboBox.
15) ColumnCount: specifies the number of columns to display in a ListBox or ComboBox control.
16) ColumnHeads: displays a single row of column headings for list boxes and combo boxes and other
similar objects.
17) ColumnWidths: specifies the width of each column in a multicolumn combo or list box.
18) ControlSource: identifies the data location used to set or store the Value property of a control.
19) ControlTipText: specifies text that appears when the user briefly holds the mouse pointer over a
control without clicking it.
20) CurLine: specifies the current line of a control.
21) CurTargetX: retrieves the preferred horizontal position of the insertion point in a multiline TextBox
or ComboBox.
22) CurX: specifies the current horizontal position of the insertion point in a multiline TextBox or
ComboBox.
23) Delay: specifies the delay for the SpinUp SpinDown & Change events on SpinButton or ScrollBar.
24) DragBehavior: specifies whether the system enables the draganddrop feature for a TextBox or
ComboBox
25) DropButtonStyle: specifies the symbol displayed on the drop button in a combo box , eg. a plain

button with no symbol, a down arrow button,...etc.
26) Enabled: specifies whether a control can receive the focus and respond to user generated events
27) EnterFieldBehavior: specifies the selection behaviour when entering a TextBox or ComboBox
(selects the entire content i.e. highlights it or leaves the selection unchanged).
28) EnterKeyBehavior: defines the effect of pressing ENTER in a TextBox (either creates a new line or
moves on to the next control in the tab order, when the Multiline property is set to TRUE) .
29) Font object: defines the characteristics of the text used by a control or form.
30) ForeColor: specifies the foreground colour of an object
31) GroupName: creates a group of mutually exclusive OptionButtton controls (clicking one button in
the group will set the rest, in the group,to false).
32) Height/Width: sets the height and width of an object (control).
33) HelpContextID: associates a specific help file with a specific control.
34) HideSelection: specifies whether selected text remains highlighted when a control does not have
the focus.
35) IMEMode: specifies the default run time mode of Input Method Editor for a control.
36) LargeChange: specifies the amount of movement that occurs when the user clicks between the
scroll box and scroll arrow.
37) LayoutEffect: indicates whether a control was moved during a layout change.
38) Left/Top:sets the distance between a control and the left or top edge of the corm containing it.
39) LineCount: returns the number of text lines in a TextBox or ComboBox.
40) List: returns or sets the list entries of a ListBox or ComboBox.
41) ListCount: returns the number of list entries in a control.
42) ListIndex: identifies the currently selected item in a ListBox or ComboBox
43) ListRows: specifies the maximum number of rows to be displayed in a list.
44) ListStyle: specifies the visual appearance of the list in a ListBox or ComboBox.
45) ListWidth: specifies the width of the list in a ComboBox.
46) Locked: specifies whether a control can be edited or not.
47) MatchEntry: returns or sets a value indicating how a ListBox or ComboBox searches its list as the
user types in his choice.
48) MatchFound: indicates whether the text that the user has typed into a ComboBox matches any of
the entries in the list.
49) MatchRequired: specifies whether a value entered in the text portion of a combo box must match
an entry in the existing list portion of the control. The user can enter nonmatching values, but may not
leave the control until a matching value is entered.
50) MaxLength: specifies the maximum number of characters a user can enter in a TextBox or
ComboBox.
51) Max/Min: specifies the maximum & minimum acceptable values for the value property of a
ScrollBar or SinButton.
52) MouseIcon: assigns a custom icon to an object.
53) MousePointer: specifies the type of pointer when the user positions the mouse over a particular
object.
54) MultiLine: specifies whether a control can accept and display multiple line of text
(EnterKeyBehavior depends on this property).
55) MultiSelect: indicates whether the object permits multiple selection or not.
56) Name: specifies the name of a control or an object or the name of a Font to associate wit a font
object.

57) Object: overrides a standard property or method when a new control has a property or method of
the same name.
58) OldHeight/OldWidth: returns the previous height or width in points of the control.
59) OldLeft/OldTop: returns the distance (in points) between the previous position of a control and the
left or top edge of the form that contains it.
60) Orientation: specifies whether the SpinButton or ScrollBar is oriented vertically or horizontally.
61) Parent: returns the name of the form/object /collection that contains a specific control, object or
control.
62)PasswordCharacter: specifies whether placeholder characters are displayed instead of the characters
actually entered in a TextBox.
63) Picture: specifies the bitmap to display on an object.
64) PictureAlignment: specifies the location of a background picture.
65) PicturePosition: specifies the location of the picture relative to its caption.
66) PictureSizeMode: specifies how to display the background picture on a control, form or page.
67) PictureTiling: to allow a picture to be tiled in a form or page.
68) ProportionalThumb: specifies whether the size of the scroll box is proportional to the scrolling
region or is fixed.
69) RowSource: specifies the source providing a list for a ComboBox or ListBox.
70) ScrollBars: specifies whether a control, form or page has vertical scroll bars, horizontal scroll bars
or both.
71) Selected: returns or sets the selection state of items in a ListBox.
72) SelectionMargin: specifies whether the user can select a line of text by clicking in the region to the
left of the text.
73) SelLength: the number of characters selected in a text box or the text portion o a conbo box.
74) SelStart: indicates the starting point of selected text or the insertion point if no text is selected.
75) SelText: returns or sets the selected text of a control.
76) ShowDropButtonWhen: specifies when to show the dropdown button for a ComboBox or
TextBox.
77) SmallChange: specifies the amount of movement that occurs when the user clicks either scroll
arrow in a ScrollBar or SpinButton.
78) SpecialEffect: specifies the visual appearance of an object.
79) Style: specifies how the user can choose or set the control's value, this for ComboBox controls and
for MultiPage & TabStrip controls it identifies the style of the tabs (on the control).
80) TabIndex: specifies the position of a single object in the form's tab order.
81) TabKeyBehavior: determines whether tabs are allowed in the Edit Region.
82) TabStop: indicates whether an object can receive focus when the user tabs to it.
83) Tag: stores additional information about an object.
84) Text: returns or sets the text in a TextBox and in combo boxes or ListBoxes, it changes the selected
row.
85) TextAlign: specifies how text is aligned in a control.
86) TextColumn: identifies the column in a ComboBox or ListBox to display to the user.
87) TextLength: returns the length (in characters) of text in the edit region of a text box or combo box.
88) TopIndex: sets and returns the item that appears in the topmost position in the list.
89) TripleState: determines whether a user can specify, from the user interface, the Null state for a
CheckBox or ToggleButton.
90) Value: specifies the state or content of a given control.

91) Visible: specifies whether an object is visible or hidden.
92) WordWrap: indicates whether the contents of a control automatically wrap at the end of a line.
93) Default: designates the default command (push) button on a form. VBA for Excel examples.
Quattro Pro of Borland:
Borland Quattro Pro contents of Controls toolbox: as mentioned, previously, the controls are: bitmap
button, edit (text) field, label, check box, radio button, spin control, rectangle, group box, push button,
combo box, color control, file control, horizontal scroll bar, list box, pick list, scroll bar & time control.
The example given hereafter will show the following:
1) How to add custom menu element between two of the standard elements appearing in the active
menu bar supplied as part of the software package. It will be placed between the “Edit” and the
“Block” menu elements. It shows the blocks (groups of cells) names in this example file. The macros
and their locations on the page (worksheet) are also shown. An example for the look of a dialog box
(dialog 3) related to a specific macro or action is also given. The dialog box has the OK button. When
this button is clicked, the links instruction is executed running “parallel2” macro. Parallel2 macro
shows the active page (which is a in this example) with the selector (highlighter or cursor) on cell
number d1.
2) The page with the labels and descriptive text for each entry in the text boxes of each of the dialog
boxes are shown. Also, the results of the calculation (rather than the formulas used to arrive to the
results) are shown.
3) The print out of the spreadsheet with the option “Cell Formulas” marked is also shown. It shows
labels, values entered by the user and formulas (in place of the calculated values). For example, the
page is a (the first sheet of the workbook) and the cell J4 has the descriptive text “Equivalent element”,
L4 cell has the formula [(1)/(1/L2)+1/L3)]. Cell L4 will have the result of the equation when the
pertinent macro is run (it will nit show this equation).
Note: the online version of this book does not include the Quattro Pro examples

contents

Chapter 2
Basic operations and fundamental calculations of power systems analysis

Introduction: in any of the power systems problems that have to be solved, certain basic steps have to
be performed ahead of the beginning of the analysis or the solution process. These preliminary
operations can be any of the following:
1) The combination of the a few series or parallel impedance elements (resistance or reactance).
2) The conversion from wye to delta or vice versa of passive electrical system components.
3) Per unit (pu) calculations for the electrical power distribution zone under study.
4) Matrix manipulation and simultaneous equations solution.
5) The formation of the system admittancebus and impedancebus models (matrices).
Examples showing how to use Excel and Quattro Pro to solve for these fundamental variables or
constants of the electrical power systems:
Excel of Microsoft:
For definition of common terms, contents of controls toolbox, properties of each of the commonly used
controls, refer to Chapter 1.
Chapter 2, eg. 1, Excel, Fundamental operations and basic calculations:
1) The Workbook program
Private Sub Workbook_Deactivate()   'When this file is deactivated (closed), this sub is run resetting
the active
Application.CommandBars.ActiveMenuBar.Reset  'menu bar to its previous state.
End Sub
Private Sub Workbook_Open() 'When this workbook is opened , this sub is run adding the customized
menu
Set myMenubar = Application.CommandBars.ActiveMenuBar 'elements to the active menu bar. When
it is activate
Set newMenu = myMenubar.Controls.Add(Type:=msoControlPopup, temporary:=True) ' and then
reactivated, the
newMenu.Caption = "&Choice  ????????"  ' customized menu elements will not appear. The user has to
click any of
Set ctrl1 = newMenu.Controls.Add(Type:=msoControlButton, Id:=1)  ' the workbook tabs to have such
elements
ctrl1.Caption = "&Series/parallel"  ' added.  If Sub Workbook_Activate is used, instead, then upon
deactivation
ctrl1.TooltipText = "Series/parallel"  'and activation of the workbook the customizes elements will
appear as part
ctrl1.Style = msoButtonCaption  'of the active menu bar.
With ctrl1
    .OnAction = "MySub1"
End With

Set ctrl2 = newMenu.Controls.Add(Type:=msoControlButton, Id:=1)
ctrl2.Caption = "&Wye/delta conv."
ctrl2.TooltipText = "Wye/delta conv."
ctrl2.Style = msoButtonCaption
With ctrl2
End With
ctrl3.Caption = "Short &circuit calc."
ctrl3.TooltipText = "S.C. Calc."
With ctrl3
End With
ctrl4.Caption = "&Matrix manipulation"
ctrl4.TooltipText = "Matrix manipulation"
With ctrl4
End With
ctrl5.Caption = "Simultaneous e&quations solution"
ctrl5.TooltipText = "Simultaneous Equations"
With ctrl5
End With
ctrl6.Caption = "Per &unit calc."
ctrl6.TooltipText = "Perunit calculations"
With ctrl6
End With
ctrl7.Caption = "S&ystem bus modelling"
ctrl7.TooltipText = "System bus modelling"
With ctrl7
End With
Worksheets("Fault calc. for simple system").Activate
End Sub
2) First Worksheet program (series and parallel operations):
Private Sub CommandButton1_Click()

Range("O1").Select
End Sub
Range("w8").Select
End Sub
Range("AA1").Select
End Sub
Range("A1").Select
End Sub
Range("A1").Select
End Sub
Range("R1").Select
End Sub
Range("l3").Select
End Sub
Range("i1").Select
End Sub
Range("w2").Select
End Sub
Private Sub Worksheet_activate()
Set myMenubar = CommandBars.ActiveMenuBar
Set newMenu = myMenubar.Controls.Add(Type:=msoControlPopup, temporary:=True)
newMenu.Caption = "&Choice"
ctrl1.Caption = "&Series/parallel"
ctrl1.TooltipText = "Series/parallel"
With ctrl1
End With
With ctrl2
End With

With ctrl3
End With
With ctrl4
End With
With ctrl5
End With
With ctrl6
End With
With ctrl7
End With
newMenu.Caption = "&Series/parallel"
ctrl11.Caption = "Se&ries calc.."
ctrl11.TooltipText = "Series calc."
With ctrl11
End With
ctrl12.Caption = "&Eight element calc."
ctrl12.TooltipText = "Eight elements calc."

With ctrl12
End With
ctrl13.Caption = "Se&ven element calc."
ctrl13.TooltipText = "Seven elements calc."
With ctrl13
End With
ctrl14.Caption = "S&ix element calc."
ctrl14.TooltipText = "Six elements calc."
With ctrl14
End With
ctrl15.Caption = "&Five element calc."
ctrl15.TooltipText = "Five elements calc."
With ctrl15
End With
ctrl16.Caption = "F&our element calc."
ctrl16.TooltipText = "Four elements calc."
With ctrl16
End With
ctrl17.Caption = "&Three element calc."
ctrl17.TooltipText = "Three elements calc."
With ctrl17
End With
End Sub
Private Sub Worksheet_Deactivate()
CommandBars.ActiveMenuBar.Controls("Series/parallel").Delete
CommandBars.ActiveMenuBar.Controls("Choice").Delete
End Sub
Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Excel.Range)
End Sub

3) Second Worksheet program (wye to delta conversion and vice versa):
Range("m1").Select
End Sub
Range("m5").Select
End Sub
Range("A1").Select
End Sub
Range("A1").Select
End Sub
With ctrl1
End With
With ctrl2
End With
With ctrl3
End With
With ctrl4
End With

With ctrl5
End With
With ctrl6
End With
With ctrl7
End With
End Sub
CommandBars.ActiveMenuBar.Reset
End Sub
End Sub

4) Third Worksheet program (fault calculation for a simple system):
Range("m1").Select
End Sub
Range("q1").Select
End Sub
Range("u1").Select
End Sub
Range("y1").Select
End Sub
Range("a1").Select
End Sub
Range("a1").Select

End Sub
Range("a1").Select
End Sub
Range("a1").Select
End Sub
With ctrl1
End With
With ctrl2
End With
With ctrl3
End With
With ctrl4
End With
With ctrl5
End With

With ctrl6
End With
With ctrl7
End With
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
5) Fourth Worksheet program (matrices manipulation):
With ctrl1
End With
With ctrl2
End With
With ctrl3
End With

With ctrl4
End With
With ctrl5
End With
With ctrl6
End With
With ctrl7
End With
newMenu.Caption = "&Matrix manipulation"
ctrl41.Caption = "&Two by two matrix"
ctrl41.TooltipText = "2 by 2 matrix"
With ctrl41
End With
ctrl42.Caption = "T&hree by three matrix"
ctrl42.TooltipText = "3 X 3 matrix"
With ctrl42
End With
End Sub

End Sub

6) Fifth Worksheet program (simultaneous equations solution):
With ctrl1
End With
With ctrl2
End With
With ctrl3
End With
With ctrl4
End With
With ctrl5
End With

With ctrl6
End With
With ctrl7
End With
newMenu.Caption = "&Simultaneous equations"
ctrl51.Caption = "&Five equations solution"
ctrl51.TooltipText = "Solution of 5 equations"
With ctrl51
End With
End Sub
End Sub
7) Sixth Worksheet program (per unit calculations):
Set myMenubar = Application.CommandBars.ActiveMenuBar
newMenu.Caption = "&Choice  ????????"
With ctrl1
End With
With ctrl2
End With

With ctrl3
End With
With ctrl4
End With
With ctrl5
End With
With ctrl6
End With
With ctrl7
End With
newMenu.Caption = "&Number of transfo./system"
ctrl61.Caption = "&One transfo."
ctrl61.TooltipText = "One transfo. per system"
With ctrl61
End With
ctrl62.Caption = "&Two transfo."

ctrl62.TooltipText = "Two transfo. per system"
With ctrl62
End With
End Sub
End Sub
8) Seventh Worksheet program (system bus modelling):
newMenu.Caption = "&Choice  ????????"
With ctrl1
End With
With ctrl2
End With
With ctrl3
End With
With ctrl4
End With

With ctrl5
End With
With ctrl6
End With
With ctrl7
End With
newMenu.Caption = "&System bus modelling"
Set ctrl71 = newMenu.Controls.Add(Type:=msoControlPopup, Id:=1)
ctrl71.Caption = "&Ybus calculation"
Set ctrl711 = ctrl71.Controls.Add(Type:=msoControlButton, Id:=1)
ctrl711.Caption = "&Fourbus network Y calculation"
ctrl711.TooltipText = "Calculation of system admittancebus "
With ctrl711
End With
ctrl72.Caption = "&Zbus calculation"
ctrl721.Caption = "F&ourbus network Z calculation"
ctrl721.TooltipText = "Calculation of system impedancebus "
With ctrl721
End With
End Sub
End Sub
Modules for all programs in the Workbook:
Sub MySub1()  'This sub selects (moves the focususer to) the sheet named "series or parallel
elements"
' MySub1 Macro

' Macro recorded 8/31/00 by Hany Kheir
Sheets("series or parallel elements").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub2()
' MySub2 Macro
Sheets("YD & vice versa transformation").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub3()
' MySub3 Macro
Sheets("Fault calc. for simple system").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub4()
' MySub4 Macro
Sheets("Matrices").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub5()
Sheets("Simultaneous equations solution").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub6()
Sheets("Perunit calc.").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub7()
Sheets("System bus modelling").Select
End Sub

1) Modules for first Worksheet
   (series/parallel operations)

Sub MySub11()
Range("aa1").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub12()
Range("o1").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub13()
Range("r1").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub14()

Range("l3").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub15()
Range("i1").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub16()
Range("w2").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub17()
Range("w8").Select
End Sub
2) Modules for the fourth Worksheet (matrices manipulation):
Sub MySub41()
' MySub41 Macro
Sheets("matrices").Select  'This macro selects the sheet named "matrices".
Range("b1").Select  'It moves the selector (cursor) to cell "b1" of the active sheet.
x11 = InputBox("Enter element a11")  'The input box prompts the user to enter a value for the subject
element.
element.
element.
element.
Range("b1").Select
Range("b1") = x11  'This statement assigns the variable x11 to cell "b1", it writes the value entered by
the user in the
                                'cell number "b1".
Range("d1").Select
Range("d1") = x12
Range("b2").Select
Range("b2") = x21
Range("d2").Select
Range("d2") = x22
Range("f1").Select
Range("f1") = x11
Range("f2").Select
Range("f2") = x12
Range("g1").Select
Range("g1") = x21
Range("g2").Select

Range("g2") = x22
det = (x11 * x22) (x12 * x21) 'The determinant of of the matrix is calculated.
Range("a4").Select
Range("a4") = det     'The value of the determinant is placed in cell a4.

Range("b7").Select  'The  inverse matrix elements are placed in cells: b7, b8, d7, d8.
x22i = x22 / det
Range("b7") = x22i
Range("d7").Select
x12i = x12 / det
Range("d7") = x12i
Range("b8").Select
x21i = x21 / det
Range("b8") = x21i
Range("d8").Select
x11i = x11 / det
Range("d8") = x11i
End Sub
Sub MySub42()
Sheets("matrices").Select
Range("b1").Select
x11 = InputBox("Enter element a11")
Range("b11") = x11
Range("f15") = x11
Range("d11") = x12
Range("f16") = x12
Range("f11") = x13
Range("f17") = x13
Range("b12") = x21
Range("g15") = x21
Range("d12") = x22
Range("g16") = x22
Range("f12") = x23
Range("g17") = x23

Range("b13") = x31
Range("h15") = x31
Range("d13") = x32
Range("h16") = x32
Range("f13") = x33
Range("h17") = x33
det = (x11) * ((x22) * (x33) (x32) * (x23)) (x12) * ((x21) * (x33) (x23) * (x31)) + (x13) * ((x21) *
(x32) (x22) * (x31))
Range("b15") = det
Range("b21") = ((x22 * x33) (x23 * x32)) / det
Range("d21") = ((x21 * x33) (x23 * x31)) / det
Range("f21") = ((x21 * x32) (x31 * x22)) / det
Range("b22") = ((x12 * x33) (x13 * x32)) / det
Range("d22") = ((x11 * x33) (x13 * x31)) / det
Range("f22") = ((x11 * x32) (x31 * x12)) / det
Range("b23") = ((x12 * x23) (x13 * x22)) / det
Range("d23") = ((x11 * x23) (x13 * x21)) / det
Range("f23") = ((x11 * x22) (x21 * x12)) / det
End Sub
3) Modules for the fifth Worksheet (Simultaneous equations solution):
Sub MySub51()
Sheets("Simultaneous equations solution").Select
Range("b1").Select
y11 = InputBox("Enter element a11")

i1 = InputBox("Enter right hand side of first equation")
i2 = InputBox("Enter right hand side of second equation")
i3 = InputBox("Enter right hand side of third equation")
i4 = InputBox("Enter right hand side of fourth equation")
i5 = InputBox("Enter right hand side of fifth equation")
Range("b2") = y11 'The value of element y11 of the left hand side of the equations is placed in cell b2.

Range("d2") = y12
Range("f2") = y13
Range("h2") = y14
Range("j2") = y15
Range("b3") = y21
Range("d3") = y22
Range("f3") = y23
Range("h3") = y24
Range("j3") = y25
Range("b4") = y31
Range("d4") = y32
Range("f4") = y33
Range("h4") = y34
Range("j4") = y35
Range("b5") = y41
Range("d5") = y42
Range("f5") = y43
Range("h5") = y44
Range("j5") = y45
Range("b6") = y51
Range("d6") = y52
Range("f6") = y53
Range("h6") = y54
Range("j6") = y55
y110 = y11 / y11 'The steps of the calculations is starting here
y120 = y12 / y11
y130 = y13 / y11
y140 = y14 / y11
y150 = y15 / y11
y220 = y22 (y21) * (y12) / (y11)

y230 = y23 (y21) * (y13) / (y11)
y240 = y24 (y21) * (y14) / y11
y250 = y25 (y21) * (y15) / y11
y320 = y32 (y31) * (y12) / y11
y330 = y33 (y31) * (y13) / y11
y340 = y34 (y31) * (y14) / y11
y350 = y35 (y31) * (y15) / y11
y420 = y42 (y41) * (y12) / y11
y430 = y43 (y41) * (y13) / y11
y440 = y44 (y41) * (y14) / y11
y450 = y45 (y41) * (y15) / y11
y520 = y52 (y51) * (y12) / y11
y530 = y53 (y51) * (y13) / y11
y540 = y54 (y51) * (y14) / y11
y550 = y55 (y51) * (y15) / y11
y221 = y220 / y220
y231 = y230 / y220
y241 = y240 / y220
y251 = y250 / y220
y331 = y330 (y320) * (y230) / y220
y341 = y340 (y320) * (y240) / y220
y351 = y350 (y320) * (y250) / y220
y431 = y430 (y420) * (y230) / y220
y441 = y440 (y420) * (y240) / y220
y451 = y450 (y420) * (y250) / y220
y531 = y530 (y520) * (y230) / y220
y541 = y540 (y520) * (y240) / y220
y551 = y550 (y520) * (y250) / y220
y332 = y331 / y331
y342 = y341 / y331
y352 = y351 / y331
y442 = y441 (y431) * (y341) / y331
y452 = y451 (y431) * (y351) / y331
y542 = y541 (y531) * (y341) / y331
y552 = y551 (y531) * (y351) / y331
y443 = y442 / y442
y453 = y452 / y442
y553 = y552 (y542) * (y452) / y442
'the L matrix of the triangular factorization ="
' y11
' y21, y220
' y31, y320, y331
' y41, y420, y431, y442
' y51, y520, y531, y542, y553
' "the U matrix of the triangular factorization ="
' y110, y120, y130, y140, y150

' y211, y221, y231, y241, y251
' y312, y322, y332, y342, y352
' y413, y423, y433, y443, y453
' 0, 0, 0, 0, 1
v1 = i1 / y11
v2 = (i2 (v1) * (y21)) / y220
v3 = (i3 (v1) * (y31) (y320) * (v2)) / y331
v4 = (i4 (v1) * (y41) (y420) * (v2) (v3) * (y431)) / y442
v5 = (i5 (v1) * (y51) (y520) * (v2) (v3) * (y531) (v4) * (y542)) / y553
f5 = v5
f4 = (v4 ((y453) * (f5)))  'The final step in the calculation process.
f3 = (v3 ((y342) * (f4)) ((y352) * (f5)))
f2 = (v2 ((y231) * (f3)) ((y241) * (f4)) ((y251) * (f5)))
f1 = (v1 ((y120) * (f2)) ((y130) * (f3)) ((y140) * (f4)) ((y150) * (f5)))
Range("c9") = f1 'The solution: the first variable value is placed in cell c9.
Range("c10") = f2  'The second variable value is placed in cell c10
Range("c11") = f3
Range("c12") = f4
Range("c13") = f5
projname = InputBox("Enter project name:") 'The projname variable will hold the project name entered
by the user.
pb = InputBox("Prepared by:")  'The variable pb will hold the data enterd by the user who prepared the
analysis.
projnum = InputBox("Project #:")
da = InputBox("Date:")
opap = InputBox("Enter 1 to overwrite file or 2 to append it") 'The opap variable will accept a 1 or a 2,
the user
              'preference to whether overwrite the file if it exists or append it i.e. add the data to the end of
the file.
If opap = 1 Then
Filenam = InputBox("File name to save the output data in") 'Filenam will hold the file name enterd by
the user
Open Filenam For Output As #1  ' to save the data to.
Print #1, "Project Name:"; projname, "Prepared By: "; pb   'The data stored in the variable projname
will be written
Print #1, "Project Number:"; projnum, "Date: "; da 'adjacent to the label "Project Name:" in the data
file.
Print #1, "the 5 variables x1,x2,x3,x4,x5 are equal respectively: "; f1, f2, f3, f4, f5
Close #1 'After all the data is entered (if the file exists, it will be overwritten), the file (it has #1) is
closed.
End If
If opap = 2 Then  'If the file exists, it will be appended.
Filenam = InputBox("File name to save the output data in")
Open Filenam For Append As #1
Print #1, "Project Name:"; projname, "Prepared By: "; pb

Print #1, "Project Number:"; projnum, "Date: "; da
Print #1, "the 5 variables x1,x2,x3,x4,x5 are equal respectively: "; f1, f2, f3, f4, f5
Close #1
End If
End Sub
4) Modules for the sixth Worksheet (per unit calculations):
Sub MySub62()
Sheets("Perunit calc.").Select '"Perunit calc." Sheet is selected and displayed on the screen.
Range("a1").Select   'In the above sheet, cell a1 is seelected.
MsgBox Prompt:="base voltage on the primary of the first transformer = base voltage to be entered by
user", _
        Title:="Note: & ???? ????? ????? ????", _    'The prompt, the title and the button in the message
box are displayed
        Buttons:=vbExclamation                       'on the screen.
MsgBox Prompt:="All the loads are assumed to be on the secondary of the second transformer", _
        Title:="Note: & ???? ????? ????? ????", _
        Buttons:=vbExclamation
prim1 = InputBox("primary voltage of first transfo. = ")  'Input boxes are used to get the user data, the
input to the
sec1 = InputBox("secondary voltage of first transfo. = ")  ' study.
prim2 = InputBox("primary of second transfo. = ")
sec2 = InputBox("secondary of second transfo. = ")
vb = InputBox("base voltage in KV = ")
vab = InputBox("base apparent power (MVA) in mva = ")
mva1 = InputBox("the mva rating of transformer 1 = ")
mva2 = InputBox(" the mva rating of transformer 2 = ")
react1 = InputBox("the p.u. reactance of transformer 1 based on its VA or MVA & V or KV ratings")
react2 = InputBox("the p.u. reactance of transformer 2 based on its VA and V ratings")
reactl1 = InputBox("the reactance of the line in ohms")
Load1 = InputBox("total number of motors or generators, max. 3 sets")
heat = InputBox("if loads include lighting or heaters or the like, enter 1")
Range("h4") = prim1 'The data entered by the user are written in the cells of the spread sheet.
Range("h5") = sec1
Range("h6") = prim2
Range("h7") = sec2
Range("h8") = vb
Range("h9") = vab
Range("h10") = mva1
Range("h11") = mva2
Range("h12") = react1
Range("h13") = react2
Range("h14") = reactl1
Range("h15") = Load1
Range("h16") = heat
vb1 = vb * sec1 / (prim1)  'The necessary calculations starts here

vb2 = vb1 * sec2 / (prim2)
ib1 = (vab * 1000) / (vb1 * 1.7320508)
ib2 = (vab * 1000) / (vb2 * 1.7320508)
reactlpu = (reactl1) * (vab) / ((vb1) ^ 2)
If Load1 = 1 Then   'The decisions the program takes and branching are based on the user inputted data.

lmva1 = InputBox("apparent power rating of load 1 in mva = ")
lkv1 = InputBox("voltage rating of load 1 in KV = ")
lreact1 = InputBox("reactance of load 1 = ")
load1pu = lreact1 * (vab / lmva1) * ((lkv1 / vb2) ^ 2)
End If
If Load1 = 2 Then
lreact2 = InputBox("react. of load 2 = ")
End If
If Load1 = 3 Then
End If
Range("e18") = lreact1  'The results i.e. data outputted from the calculations are written to the cells in
the spread
Range("e19") = lmva1   'sheet.
Range("e20") = lkv1
Range("e21") = lreact2
Range("eh22") = lmva2
Range("e23") = lkv2
Range("e24") = lreact3
Range("e25") = lmva3
Range("e26") = lkv3
reactpu1 = react1 * (vab / mva1) * ((prim1 / vb) ^ 2)

reactpu2 = react2 * (vab / mva2) * ((prim2 / vb1) ^ 2)
Range("h18") = reactpu1
Range("h19") = reactlpu
Range("h20") = reactpu2
Range("h21") = load1pu
Range("h24") = ib1
Range("h25") = ib2
If h16 = 1 Then
mw = InputBox("load mw = ")
pf = InputBox("p.f. = ")
bv = InputBox("bus voltage = ")
bvr = bv / vb2
lchr = (mw * (1000) / (1.732 * bv * pf)) / ib2
Range("e28") = mw
Range("e29") = pf
Range("e30") = bv
Range("h26") = bvr
Range("h27") = lchr
End If
Range("f17").Select
End Sub
Sub MySub61()
Sheets("Perunit calc.").Select  'Theabove sub is run for a certain number of transformers in tandem,
Range("q1").Select   'this sub is run for another number of transformers in tandem. The same procedure

Range("s3") = ""       'and steps are used. The first few steps in this sub is to clear any data previously
Range("s4") = ""       'stored in the cells.
Range("s5") = ""
Range("s6") = ""
Range("s19") = ""
Range("s20") = ""
Range("s22") = 0
Range("s23") = 0
Range("s24") = 0
Range("u19") = 0
Range("u18") = 0
Range("s7") = 0
Range("s8") = 0
Range("u3") = 0
Range("u4") = 0
Range("u5") = 0
Range("s9") = 0
Range("s10") = 0

Range("s11") = 0
Range("s12") = 0
Range("s13") = 0
Range("s14") = 0
Range("s15") = 0
Range("s16") = 0
Range("s17") = 0
Range("s18") = 0
Range("u17") = 0
Range("u9") = 0
Range("u10") = 0
Range("u14") = ""
Range("u15") = ""
Range("u16") = ""
Range("u11") = ""
Range("u12") = ""
Range("u13") = ""
MsgBox Prompt:="base voltage on the primary of the first transformer = base voltage to be entered by
user", _
        Title:="Note: & ???? ????? ????? ????", _
MsgBox Prompt:="All the loads are assumed to be on the secondary of the transformer", _
        Title:="Note: & ???? ????? ????? ????", _
prim1 = InputBox("primary voltage of transfo. = ")
sec1 = InputBox("secondary voltage of transfo. = ")
bn = InputBox("number of buses on the sec. of transformer,including the sec. wdg. bus = ")
mva1 = InputBox("the mva rating of transformer = ")
vb = InputBox("base voltage in KV = ")
vab = InputBox("base apparent power (MVA) in mva = ")
vb1 = vb * sec1 / (prim1)
ib1 = (vab * 1000) / (vb1 * 1.7320508)
Range("s3") = prim1
Range("s4") = sec1
Range("s5") = bn
Range("s6") = mva1
Range("s19") = vb
Range("s20") = vab
If (bn = 2 Or bn = 1) Then
react1 = InputBox("the reactance of transformer 1 based on its VA and V ratings, in p.u.")
reactl1 = InputBox("the reactance of the line (between bus 1 and 2) in ohms")
Load1 = InputBox("total number of motors ( or generators) at bus 1  ")
Range("s21") = heat
If Load1 = 1 Then

lreact1 = InputBox("reactance of load1 = ")
End If
If Load1 = 2 Then
End If
If Load1 = 3 Then
End If
'Print " the p.u. values on base mva and base KV for the tr.1, line 1, loads (or generators connected to
the secondary of tr.1 = "; reactpu1, reactlpu, load1pu, load2pu, load3pu
'Print "base current in second = "; ib1,
If heat = 1 Then
'Print " p.u. volt and current, espectively ="; bv / vb1; (mw * (1000) / (1.732 * bv * pf)) / ib1
bvr = bv / vb1
lchr = (mw * (1000) / (1.732 * bv * pf)) / ib1
End If
Range("s22") = mw
Range("s23") = pf
Range("s24") = bv
Range("u19") = bvr
Range("u18") = lchr

Range("s7") = react1
Range("s8") = reactl1
Range("s9") = Load1
Range("s10") = lreact1
Range("s11") = lmva1
Range("s12") = lkv1
Range("s15") = lkv2
Range("s18") = lkv3
Range("u17") = ib1
Range("u9") = reactpu1
Range("u10") = reactlpu
Range("u14") = load1pu
End If
If bn = 3 Then
react1 = InputBox("the pu reactance of transformer 1 based on its VA and V ratings")
reactl1 = InputBox("the reactance of the line, between bus 1 and 2 in ohms")
reactl2 = InputBox("the reactance of the line, between bus 2 and 3 in ohms")
Load1 = InputBox("total number of motors, or generators at bus 1 ")
Range("s21") = heat
reaclpu1 = (reactl2) * (vab) / ((vb1) ^ 2)
If Load1 = 1 Then
End If
If Load1 = 2 Then
End If
If Load1 = 3 Then

End If
the secondary of tr.1 and line 2 = "; reactpu1, reactlpu, load1pu, load2pu, load3pu, reaclpu1
'Print "base current in second = "; ib1
If heat = 1 Then
bvr = bv / vb1
lchr = (mw * (1000) / (1.732 * bv * pf)) / ib1
End If
Range("s22") = mw
Range("s23") = pf
Range("s24") = bv
Range("u19") = bvr
Range("u18") = lchr
Range("u3") = reactl2
Range("s9") = Load1
Range("s12") = lkv1
Range("s15") = lkv2
Range("s18") = lkv3
Range("u17") = ib1

Range("u11") = reaclpu1
End If
If bn = 4 Then
reactl1 = InputBox("the reactance of the line, between bus 1 and 2, in ohms")
Load1 = InputBox("total number of motors, or generators, at bus 1 ")
Range("s21") = heat
If Load1 = 1 Then
End If
If Load1 = 2 Then
End If
If Load1 = 3 Then
End If

the secondary of tr.1, line 2 and line 3 = "; reactpu1, reactlpu, load1pu, load2pu, load3pu, reaclpu1,
reaclpu2
If heat = 1 Then
bvr = bv / vb1
lchr = (mw * (1000) / (1.732 * bv * pf)) / ib1
End If
Range("s22") = mw
Range("s23") = pf
Range("s24") = bv
Range("u19") = bvr
Range("u18") = lchr
Range("s9") = Load1
Range("s12") = lkv1
Range("s15") = lkv2
Range("s18") = lkv3
Range("u17") = ib1
End If
If bn = 5 Then
Load1 = InputBox("total number of motors ( or generators) at bus 1 ")

Range("s21") = heat
If Load1 = 1 Then
End If
If Load1 = 2 Then
End If
If Load1 = 3 Then
End If
the secondary of tr.1, line 2, line 3 and 4 = "; reactpu1, reactlpu, load1pu, load2pu, load3pu, reaclpu1,
reaclpu2, reaclpu3
If heat = 1 Then

bvr = bv / vb1
lchr = (mw * (1000) / (1.732 * bv * pf)) / ib1
End If
Range("s22") = mw
Range("s23") = pf
Range("s24") = bv
Range("u19") = bvr
Range("u18") = lchr
Range("s9") = Load1
Range("s12") = lkv1
Range("s15") = lkv2
Range("s18") = lkv3
Range("u17") = ib1
End If
End Sub
5) Modules for the seventh Worksheet (system bus modelling):
Sub MySub711()
r12 = InputBox("series resistance of line 12 in p.u.= ") 'The user enters the data into the series if the
input boxes
r13 = InputBox("series resistance of line 13 in p.u.= ") 'will appear on the screen sequentialy.
r24 = InputBox("series resistance of line 24 in p.u.= ")
r34 = InputBox("series resistance of line 34 in p.u.= ")
x12 = InputBox("series reactance of line 12 in p.u.= ")
z12 = ((r12) ^ 2 + (x12) ^ 2) ^ 0.5 'The calculation starts here, calculating the impedance and the

angle
z13 = ((r13) ^ 2 + (x13) ^ 2) ^ 0.5    'for the different segments (sections) of the system.
z24 = ((r24) ^ 2 + (x24) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z34 = ((r34) ^ 2 + (x34) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
an12 = Atn(x12 / r12)
an13 = Atn(x13 / r13)
an24 = Atn(x24 / r24)
an34 = Atn(x34 / r34)
y12 = 1 / z12   'The admittance is calculated from the impedance previously calculated.
y13 = 1 / z13
y24 = 1 / z24
y34 = 1 / z34
g12 = y12 * Cos(an12) 'The conductance is calculated.
g13 = y13 * Cos(an13)
g24 = y24 * Cos(an24)
g34 = y34 * Cos(an34)
b12 = y12 * Sin(an12)   'The susceptance is calculated.
b13 = y13 * Sin(an13)
b24 = y24 * Sin(an24)
b34 = y34 * Sin(an34)
gb11 = g12 + g13   'The node equivalent self admittance.
gb22 = g24 + g12
gb33 = g34 + g13
gb44 = g34 + g24
gb12 = g12  'The equivalent branch admittance.
gb21 = g12
gb13 = g13
gb31 = g13
gb24 = g24
gb42 = g24
gb34 = g34
gb43 = g34
bb11 = b12 + b13  'The equivalent node self susceptance.
bb22 = b24 + b12
bb33 = b34 + b13
bb44 = b34 + b24
bb12 = b12    'The equivalent branch susceptance.
bb21 = b12
bb13 = b13
bb31 = b13
bb24 = b24
bb42 = b24
bb34 = b34
bb43 = b34
pb2 = ((gb22) * ((v2) ^ 2)) + ((v2 * v1) * (y12 * Cos(an12 + d1 d2))) + ((v4 * v2) * (y24 * Cos(
an24 + d4 d2))) 'These equations are not applicable, here. Their use will become obvious in Chapter 4

"Load flow studies".
pb3 = ((gb33) * ((v3) ^ 2)) + ((v3 * v1) * (y13 * Cos(an13 d3 + d1))) + ((v4) * (v3) * (y34 * Cos(
an34 d3 + d4)))
pb4 = ((gb44) * ((v4) ^ 2)) + ((v4 * v2) * (y24 * Cos(an24 d4 + d2))) + ((v3 * v4) * (y34 * Cos(
an34 d4 + d3)))
qb2 = ((bb22) * ((v2) ^ 2)) ((v2 * v1) * (y12 * Sin(an12 + d1 d2))) ((v4 * v2) * (y24 * Sin(
an24 + d4 d2)))
qb3 = ((bb33) * ((v3) ^ 2)) ((v3 * v1) * (y13 * Sin(an13 d3 + d1))) ((v4) * (v3) * (y34 * Sin(
an34 d3 + d4)))
Range("b3") = bb11       'The (solution) calculated equivalent conductances and susceptances are
written to the
Range("b8") = gb11       'applicable cells in the spread sheet.
Range("d3") = gb12
Range("d8") = bb12
Range("f3") = gb13
Range("f8") = bb13
Range("h3") = gb14
Range("h8") = bb14
Range("b4") = gb21
Range("b9") = bb21
Range("d4") = gb22
Range("d9") = bb22
Range("f4") = gb23
Range("f9") = bb23
Range("h4") = gb24
Range("h9") = bb24
Range("b5") = gb31
Range("b10") = bb31
Range("d5") = gb32
Range("d10") = bb32
Range("f5") = gb33
Range("f10") = bb33
Range("h5") = gb34
Range("h10") = bb34
Range("b6") = gb41
Range("b11") = bb41
Range("d6") = gb42
Range("d11") = bb42
Range("f6") = gb43
Range("f11") = bb43
Range("h6") = gb44
Range("h11") = bb44
End Sub
Sub MySub721()   'The calculation of the Zbus.
x01 = CDbl(InputBox("reactance between reference node and bus 1="))   'The data inputted by the
user, using input

x02 = CDbl(InputBox("reactance between reference node and bus 2="))   'box. The variable is
converted to double
x03 = CDbl(InputBox("reactance between reference node and bus 3="))   ' precission number data type.
X01 is the
x04 = CDbl(InputBox("reactance between reference node and bus 4="))   ' reactance between node 0
and node 1.
xx12 = CDbl(InputBox("reactance between bus 1 and bus 2="))               'X12 is the reactance between
node 1 & 2.
xx23 = CDbl(InputBox("reactance between bus 2 and bus 3="))
x11 = x01   'The first step in the calculation.
x12 = x11
x21 = x12
x22 = x01 + xx12
If x02 > 0 Then   'The branching and decision making based on the user input. If the user entered
x11p = x11    'a vlue  higher than 0 for the variable x02, these steps are run.
x12p = x12
x21p = x21
x22p = x22
xp1 = x21
xp2 = x22
xpp = x02 + x22
x1p = x12
x2p = x22
x111 = x11p ((x1p) * (xp1) / (xpp))
x121 = x12p ((x1p) * (xp2) / (xpp))
x211 = x21p ((x2p) * (xp1) / (xpp))
x221 = x22p ((x2p) * (xp2) / (xpp))
x131 = x121
x231 = x221
x311 = x211
x321 = x221
x331 = x221 + xx23
Else         'If x02 variable as entered by the user is  equal to 0, these steps are followed by the program.
x31 = x21
x32 = x22
x33 = xx23 + x22
x13 = x12
x23 = x22
End If
If (x111 = 0 And x221 = 0) Then  'If x111= 0 as well as x221 is equal to 0, then these steps are
followed.
x11b = x11
x12b = x12

x13b = x13
x21b = x21
x22b = x22
x23b = x23
x31b = x31
x32b = x32
x33b = x33
Else 'Otherwise, these steps are followed.
x11b = x111
x12b = x121
x13b = x131
x21b = x211
x22b = x221
x23b = x231
x31b = x311
x32b = x321
x33b = x331
End If
If x03 > 0 Then
x11p1 = x11b
x12p1 = x12b
x13p1 = x13b
x21p1 = x21b
x22p1 = x22b
x23p1 = x23b
x31p1 = x31b
x32p1 = x32b
x33p1 = x33b
xp12 = x31b
xp22 = x32b
xp32 = x33b
xpp1 = x03 + x33b
x1p2 = x13b
x2p2 = x23b
x3p2 = x33b
x112 = x11p1 ((x1p2) * (xp12) / (xpp1))
x122 = x12p1 ((x1p2) * (xp22) / (xpp1))
x132 = x13p1 ((x1p2) * (xp32) / (xpp1))
x212 = x21p1 ((x2p2) * (xp12) / (xpp1))
x222 = x22p1 ((x2p2) * (xp22) / (xpp1))
x232 = x23p1 ((x2p2) * (xp32) / (xpp1))
x312 = x31p1 ((x3p2) * (xp12) / (xpp1))
x322 = x32p1 ((x3p2) * (xp22) / (xpp1))
x332 = x33p1 ((x3p2) * (xp32) / (xpp1))
x142 = x132
x242 = x232

x342 = x332
x412 = x312
x422 = x322
x432 = x332
x442 = x332 + xx34
Else
x11d = x11
x12d = x12
x13d = x13
x14d = x13
x21d = x21
x22d = x22
x23d = x23
x24d = x23
x31d = x31
x32d = x32
x33d = x33
x34d = x33
x41d = x31
x42d = x32
x43d = x33
x44d = x33 + xx34
End If
If (xx42 > 0 And x03 > 0) Then
x1p3 = x122 x142
x2p3 = x222 x242
x3p3 = x322 x342
x4p3 = x422 x442
xp13 = x1p3
xp23 = x2p3
xp33 = x3p3
xp43 = x4p3
xpp3 = x222 + x442 2 * (x242) + xx42
x11f = x112 (x1p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x12f = x122 (x1p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x13f = x132 (x1p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x14f = x142 (x1p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x21f = x212 (x2p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x22f = x222 (x2p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x23f = x232 (x2p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x24f = x242 (x2p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x31f = x312 (x3p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x32f = x322 (x3p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x33f = x332 (x3p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x34f = x342 (x3p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x41f = x412 (x4p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)

x42f = x422 (x4p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x43f = x432 (x4p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x44f = x442 (x4p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
End If
If (xx42 > 0 And x03 = 0) Then
x1p3 = x12d x14d
x2p3 = x22d x24d
x3p3 = x32d x34d
x4p3 = x42d x44d
xp13 = x1p3
xp23 = x2p3
xp33 = x3p3
xp43 = x4p3
xpp3 = x22d + x44d 2 * (x24d) + xx42
x11f = x11d (x1p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x12f = x12d (x1p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x13f = x13d (x1p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x14f = x14d (x1p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x21f = x21d (x2p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x22f = x22d (x2p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x23f = x23d (x2p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x24f = x24d (x2p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x31f = x31d (x3p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x32f = x32d (x3p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x33f = x33d (x3p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x34f = x34d (x3p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x41f = x41d (x4p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x42f = x42d (x4p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x43f = x43d (x4p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x44f = x44d (x4p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
End If
If xx41 > 0 Then
x1p4 = x11f x14f
x2p4 = x21f x24f
x3p4 = x31f x34f
x4p4 = x41f x44f
xp14 = x1p4
xp24 = x2p4
xp34 = x3p4
xp44 = x4p4
xpp4 = x11f + x44f 2 * (x14f) + xx41
x11f1 = x11f (x1p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)
x12f1 = x12f (x1p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x13f1 = x13f (x1p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x14f1 = x14f (x1p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)
x21f1 = x21f (x2p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)

x22f1 = x22f (x2p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x23f1 = x23f (x2p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x24f1 = x24f (x2p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)
x31f1 = x31f (x3p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)
x32f1 = x32f (x3p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x33f1 = x33f (x3p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x34f1 = x34f (x3p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)
x41f1 = x41f (x4p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)
x42f1 = x42f (x4p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x43f1 = x43f (x4p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x44f1 = x44f (x4p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)
End If
If xx41 = 0 Then
Debug.Print x11f, x12f, x13f, x14f
Range("b16") = x11f 'The results (outputted data) are written to the appropriate cells in the spread
sheet.
Range("d16") = x12f
Range("f16") = x13f
Range("h16") = x14f
Range("b17") = x21f
Range("d17") = x22f
Range("f17") = x23f
Range("h17") = x24f
Range("b18") = x31f
Range("d18") = x32f
Range("f18") = x33f
Range("h18") = x34f
Range("b19") = x41f
Range("d19") = x42f
Range("f19") = x43f
Range("h19") = x44f
Else
Debug.Print x11f1, x12f1, x13f1, x14f1
Range("b16") = x11f1
Range("d16") = x12f1
Range("f16") = x13f1
Range("h16") = x14f1

End If
End Sub

Quattro Pro of Borland:
The next few pages will have the following:
1) The layout of the macros spread sheet page. It shows the address of the cells (the top bar having the
letters and the side bar having the numbers). All the macros used to customized the spread sheet
program, so that it can perform certain fundamental calcaulations are also shown. They are shown on
page 61.
3) The additional menu element (Power) that will be added to the standard menu bar (between the Edit
and the Block ) with its drop down elements is also shown. It is shown on page 62.
4) The block names (i.e. the names given to each macro) as well as the macros themselves are listed on
page 62.
5) The sequence of operation of a macro when certain cutomized spread sheet file is openend is given
on page 63. The procedure to name a cell or a block of cells is also given on page 63.
6) Pages 65 to 78 give a few example of the printouts from the program itself. A couple of options are
used when producing these printouts. The layout of the working area of the spread sheet (where the
user enters the data or the cells where the user entered data are written toif dialog boxes are used to
accept user's data) including the section where the results of the calculation are written to is shown.

contents

Chapter 3
Fault calculations

Introduction:
Faults in power systems are imminent. Thus from the generating point all the way downstream to the
utilization point passing through the transmission and the distribution systems, fault sensing devices
(instrument transformers & relays) and sections isolating equipment (circuit breakers, load break and
disconnect switches) are mounted or installed. The size of such devices are based on the fault currents
and other conditions that will be detected (be present) on the system when a fault occurs. The types of
faults that can occur in a power systems (which may be intermittent temporary or permanent
continuous) are: ssingle phase to ground (which is the most common, line to line, double line to ground
and 3 phase fault. Another type of fault is an open onductor (which is equivalent t a blown fuse in one
of the three phases of a circuit). The 3 phase induction motor can not tolerate this condition of single
phasing without burning out (failing). Thus sensing the negative sequence current or voltage in this
case is quite important to protect the motor from being damaged due to the presence of a single phase
condition upstream the motor. The causes of faults in a power system are numerous, just to list a few:
inslator breaking, dirt on the insulator, broken wire, a tree branch falling on the line, an animal short
circutong a phase or more, frequent ocuurence of transient overvoltages (lightning or frequent
switching), overvoltage conditions persisting for long periods, digging into cables, overloading cables
for prolonged periods of time, bad quality of products and workmanships. Under short circuit
conditions high magnitudes of current flows from the source to the fault (point of short circuit)
stressing thermally and mechanicaslly all the components in its way (that it passes through). Thus,
prompt detection and isolation of the specific faulty zone should be achieved. The resons being to
maintain the supply of power to all zones that are outside the faulty section and also to maintain
stability othe system (does not cause the synchronous generators on the system to run out of
synchronizmfall out of step).
Examples showing how to use Excel and Quattro Pro to solve for the fault currents and bus voltages in
a power system under the different fault conditions:

Excel of Microsoft:
1) Workbook Program:
Private Sub Workbook_Deactivate()
Application.CommandBars.ActiveMenuBar.Reset
End Sub
Private Sub Workbook_Activate()
newMenu.Caption = "F&ault Calculations"

ctrl1.Caption = "&Radial systems calculations"
ctrl1.TooltipText = "Radial systems"
With ctrl1
End With
ctrl2.Caption = "&Network systems calculations"
ctrl2.TooltipText = "Network (Grid) systems"
With ctrl2
End With
ctrl3.Caption = "&Basic calculations"
ctrl3.TooltipText = "Fundamental operations"
With ctrl3
End With
End Sub
2) Worksheet 1 (Radial systems calculations) program:
End Sub
newMenu.Caption = "&Fault Calculations"
With ctrl1
End With
With ctrl2
End With

With ctrl3
End With
newMenu.Caption = "&Radial systems"
ctrl11.Caption = "&One bus system"
With ctrl11
End With
ctrl12.Caption = "&Two bus system"
With ctrl12
End With
ctrl13.Caption = "T&hree bus system"
With ctrl13
End With
ctrl14.Caption = "&Four bus system"
With ctrl14
End With
End Sub
3) Worksheet 2 (Network systems calculations) program:
End Sub
newMenu.Caption = "&Fault Calculations"

With ctrl1
End With
With ctrl2
End With
With ctrl3
End With
newMenu.Caption = "&Network systems"
ctrl21.TooltipText = "Network (grid) systems"
With ctrl21
End With
ctrl22.Caption = "F&ive bus system"
With ctrl22
End With
End Sub
USER BOXES (DIALOG BOXES):
1) User dialog box 1 (Radial systems, 1 bus):
TextBox1 = Range("z5")

End Sub
Unload UserForm1
End Sub
Private Sub Label2_Click()
End Sub
Private Sub Label7_Click()
End Sub
Private Sub TextBox5_Change()
Range("b9") = TextBox5
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
Private Sub UserForm_Activate()
TextBox1 = Range("b5")
Range("z5") = Range("b5")
End Sub
On Error GoTo errorhandler
errorhandler:
If Err.Number = 13 Then

Range("b5") = InputBox("Enter a number, 0 or more")
Resume Next
End If
End Sub
Range("b6") = (TextBox2)
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
2) User form 2 (Radial syatems, 2 bus):
End Sub
Unload UserForm2
End Sub
errorhandler:
Resume Next
End If
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
Private Sub UserForm_Click()
End Sub
3) User form (dialog box) 3 (Radial systems, 3 bus):
End Sub
Unload UserForm3
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
4) User form 4 (Radial systems, 4 bus):
End Sub
Unload UserForm4
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
5) User form 5 (Network systems, 4 bus):

End Sub
Unload UserForm5
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
6) User form 6 (Network systems, 5 bus):
End Sub
Unload UserForm6
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
Fault calculations for a single bus radial systems


Positive sequence reactance: 0.25
Negative sequence reactance: 0.35
Zero sequence reactance:       0.1
Prefault Voltage:                     1
Type of fault: 1, 2, 3 or 4: 4
Transformer neutral reactor: 0
Generator reactor, if any: N/A
Transfo. connection method: N/A
The fault current in p.u.: 4

Modules
Sub MySub1()
Worksheets("Radial Systems Calculations").Activate
End Sub
Note: When the variable ft in the following subroutines is equal 1, this means the fault is of the line to
line, equal 2 is of the line to ground, equal 3 is of the double line to ground & 4 is of the 3phase type.
Sub MySub11()
UserForm1.Show  'When this sub is chosen, it will display the user form (dialog box) on the screen.
a001 = Range("b10")
xx011 = Range("b5")
xx012 = Range("b6")
xx010 = Range("b7")
x111 = xx011 'The positive sequence equivalent of the system under study is calculated.
x112 = xx012 'The negative sequence equivalent of the system is calculated.
x110 = xx010 + (3 * a001) 'The zero sequence equivalent is calculated including any grounding
reactors.
vf = Range("b8")  'The prefault voltage value as set by the user is placed in cell b8.
ft = Range("b9") 'The type of fault (number) is placed in cell c9.
If ft = 2 Then  'If the number for the fault type entered by the user = 2, then this if will be executed.
ifault = 3 * (vf) / (x111 + x112 + x110)  'The fault current is calculated.
End If
If ft = 4 Then    'The statements under this if will be executed if the if condition is met.
ifault = vf / x111 'The fault current is calculated
End If
If ft = 1 Then
ifault1 = vf / (x111 + x112)
ifault = 0.866 * 2 * ifault1

End If
If ft = 3 Then
ifault1 = vf / (x111 + ((x112) * (x110) / (x112 + x110)))
ifault2 = ((ifault1) * (x112)) / (x112 + x110)
ifault = 3 * (ifault2)
End If
Range("b13") = ifault 'The calculated fault current is written to cell number b13
Range("a13").Select 'The selector is placed in cell b13.
End Sub
Sub MySub12()
UserForm2.Show
xx011 = Range("b20")
x111 = xx011 + xx121
x112 = xx012 + xx122
y12 = xx011
y122 = xx012
b03 = Range("b30") 'This number corresponds to the transformer winding connection type.
b02 = Range("b28") 'This is the transformer neutral grounding reactor.
b01 = Range("b29") 'This is the generator neutral grounding reactor, if applicable
vsense = Range("b31")
If b03 = 2 Then 'The winding connection grounded wye/grounded wye corresponds to b03=2
x110 = xx010 + xx120 + 3 * (b01 + b02)
y120 = xx010 + 3 * (b01 + b02)
End If
If b03 = 1 Then 'This b03=1 corresponds to delta/grounded wye.
x110 = xx120 + 3 * (b02)
y120 = 0
End If
If b03 = 3 Then 'When b03=3, this means adelta/delta trnasormer winding connection.
MsgBox Prompt:="zero sequence current has no path,i.e. Zo = infinity", Title:="Note,??????",
Buttons:=vbOKOnly
End If
vf = Range("b26")
ft = Range("b27")
If (ft = 2 And b03 = 2) Then
ifault = 3 * (vf) / (x111 + x112 + x110)
If vsense = 1 Then 'This is the calculation for the voltage sensitivity.
vs10 = y120 * (ifault / 3)
vs11 = vf (y12) * (ifault / 3)
vs12 = (ifault / 3) * (y122)
vsaf = vs10 + vs11 + vs12

vsbr = vs10 + (0.5) * (vs11) + (0.5) * (vs12)
vsbi = (0.866) * (vs11) + (0.866) * (vs12)
vsbf = ((vsbr) ^ 2 + (vsbi) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vscr = vs10 + (0.5) * (vs11) + (0.5) * (vs12)
vsci = (0.866) * (vs11) + (0.866) * (vs12)
vscf = ((vscr) ^ 2 + (vsci) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
Range("b36") = vs10
Range("b37") = vs11
Range("b38") = vs12
Range("b39") = vsaf
Range("b40") = vsbf
Range("b41") = vscf
End If
End If
ifault = 3 * (vf) / (x111 + x112 + x110)
If vsense = 1 Then
vs10 = y120 * (ifault / 3)
vs11 = vf (y12) * (ifault / 3)
vs12 = (ifault / 3) * (y122)
vsbr = vs10 + (0.5) * (vs11) + (0.5) * (vs12)
vsbi = ((0.866) * (vs11)) + ((0.866) * (vs12))
vsbf = ((vsbr) ^ 2 + (vsbi) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vscr = vs10 + (0.5) * (vs11) + (0.5) * (vs12)
vsci = ((0.866) * (vs11)) + ((0.866) * (vs12))
vscf = ((vscr) ^ 2 + (vsci) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
Range("b36") = vs10
Range("b37") = vs11
Range("b38") = vs12
Range("b39") = vsaf
Range("b40") = vsbf
Range("b41") = vscf
End If
End If
If ft = 4 Then
ifault = vf / x111
If vsense = 1 Then
xyz = (vf * (1 y12 / x111))
Range("b34") = xyz
End If
End If
If ft = 1 Then
ifault1 = vf / (x111 + x112)
End If

ifault1 = vf / (x111 + ((x112) * (x110) / (x112 + x110)))
End If
ifault1 = vf / (x111 + ((x112) * (x110) / (x112 + x110)))
End If
Range("b32") = ifault
Range("b32").Select
'Print "fault current =; ifault   'In QuickBasic, this command prints the result to the screen
'INPUT "Project Name: ", projnam$ 'Starting at this point (which is not applicable to this software
package) the data
'INPUT "Project Number: ", projnum$  ' entered by the user is used when the data file is created (or
appended) and
'INPUT "prepared by:", pb$   ' the required data is saved into it. It is shown for refernce and to those
who are
'INPUT "date:", da$   'familiar with QuickBasic programming language. As the spread sheet program
Excel is used
'INPUT "feeder no.: ", feedno$ 'to store the inputted data as well as the results,there is no need to create
a data file to
'INPUT "fault on bus no.:", busno$  ' hold such information.
'INPUT "comments:", comment$
'INPUT "type of fault", typef$
'INPUT "if you want to append file enter 2 or overwrite it enter 1, your choice: ", opap
If opap = 1 Then
'INPUT "filename to save this file under: ", filename$
Open FileName$ For Output As #1
Print #1, "Project Name:"; projnam$, "Prepared By: "; pb$
Print #1, "Project Number:"; projnum$, "Date: "; da$
Print #1, "feeder no.: ", feedno$
Print #1, "fault on bus no.:", busno$
Print #1, "comments:", Comment$
Print #1, "type of fault", typef$
Print #1, "the equivalent sequence networks: positive, negative and zero:"
Print #1, x111, x112, x110
Print #1, "fault current in p.u.="; ifault
If ft = 4 And vsense = 1 Then Print #1, "voltage on bus 1 at time of fault on bus 2 (in p.u.) = ", vf * (1
y12 / x111)
If ft = 2 And vsense = 1 Then Print #1, "voltage on bus 1, phases A,B,C ="; vsaf, vsbf, vscf
Close #1
End If
If opap = 2 Then

Open FileName$ For Append As #1
Print #1, x111, x112, x110
If ft = 4 And vsense = 1 Then Print #1, "voltage on bus 1 at time of fault on bus 2 (in p.u.) = ", vf * (1
y12 / x111)
If ft = 2 And vsense = 1 Then Print #1, "voltage on bus 1, phases A,B,C ="; vsaf, vsbf, vscf
Close #1
End If
End Sub
Sub MySub13()
UserForm3.Show
x111 = xx011 + xx121 + xx231
x112 = xx012 + xx122 + xx232
y13 = xx011
y23 = xx011 + xx121
y132 = xx012
y232 = xx012 + xx122
c03 = Range("b61")
c02 = Range("b59")
c01 = Range("b60")
If c03 = 2 Then
x110 = xx010 + xx120 + 3 * (c01 + c02) + xx230
y130 = xx010 + 3 * (c01 + c02)
y230 = xx010 + xx120 + 3 * (c01 + c02)
End If
If c03 = 1 Then
x110 = xx120 + 3 * (c02) + xx230
y130 = 0
y230 = xx120 + 3 * (c02)

End If
If c03 = 3 Then
Buttons:=vbOKOnly
End If
vf = Range("b57")
ft = Range("b58")
If (ft = 2 And c03 = 2) Then
ifault = 3 * (vf) / (x111 + x112 + x110)
If vsense = 1 Then
vs10 = y130 * (ifault / 3)
vs11 = vf (y13) * (ifault / 3)
vs12 = (ifault / 3) * (y132)
vsbr = vs10 + (0.5) * (vs11) + (0.5) * (vs12)
vsbi = (0.866) * (vs11) + (0.866) * (vs12)
vsbf = ((vsbr) ^ 2 + (vsbi) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vscr = vs10 + (0.5) * (vs11) + (0.5) * (vs12)
vsci = (0.866) * (vs11) + (0.866) * (vs12)
vscf = ((vscr) ^ 2 + (vsci) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vs210 = y230 * (ifault / 3)
vs211 = vf (y23) * (ifault / 3)
vs212 = (ifault / 3) * (y232)
vs2af = vs210 + vs211 + vs212
vs2br = vs210 + (0.5) * (vs211) + (0.5) * (vs212)
vs2bi = (0.866) * (vs211) + (0.866) * (vs212)
vs2bf = ((vs2br) ^ 2 + (vs2bi) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vs2cr = vs210 + (0.5) * (vs211) + (0.5) * (vs212)
vs2ci = (0.866) * (vs211) + (0.866) * (vs212)
vs2cf = ((vs2cr) ^ 2 + (vs2ci) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
Range("b68") = vs10
Range("b69") = vs11
Range("b70") = vs12
Range("b71") = vsaf
Range("b72") = vsbf
Range("b73") = vscf
Range("b74") = vs210
Range("b77") = vs2af
Range("b78") = vs2bf
Range("b79") = vs2cf
End If
End If
If (ft = 2 And c03 = 1) Then
ifault = 3 * (vf) / (x111 + x112 + x110)

If vsense = 1 Then
vs10 = y130 * (ifault / 3)
vs11 = vf (y13) * (ifault / 3)
vs12 = (ifault / 3) * (y132)
vsbr = vs10 + (0.5) * (vs11) + (0.5) * (vs12)
vsbi = (0.866) * (vs11) + (0.866) * (vs12)
vsbf = ((vsbr) ^ 2 + (vsbi) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vscr = vs10 + (0.5) * (vs11) + (0.5) * (vs12)
vsci = (0.866) * (vs11) + (0.866) * (vs12)
vscf = ((vscr) ^ 2 + (vsci) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vs210 = y230 * (ifault / 3)
vs211 = vf (y23) * (ifault / 3)
vs212 = (ifault / 3) * (y232)
vs2af = vs210 + vs211 + vs212
vs2br = vs210 + (0.5) * (vs211) + (0.5) * (vs212)
vs2bi = (0.866) * (vs211) + (0.866) * (vs212)
vs2bf = ((vs2br) ^ 2 + (vs2bi) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vs2cr = vs210 + (0.5) * (vs211) + (0.5) * (vs212)
vs2ci = (0.866) * (vs211) + (0.866) * (vs212)
vs2cf = ((vs2cr) ^ 2 + (vs2ci) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
Range("b68") = vs10
Range("b69") = vs11
Range("b70") = vs12
Range("b71") = vsaf
Range("b72") = vsbf
Range("b73") = vscf
End If
End If
If ft = 4 Then
ifault = vf / x111
If vsense = 1 Then
Range("b65") = (vf * (1 y13 / x111))
Range("b66") = (vf * (1 y23 / x111))
End If
End If
If ft = 1 Then
ifault1 = vf / (x111 + x112)
End If

If ft = 3 And c3 = 2 Then
ifault1 = vf / (x111 + ((x112) * (x110) / (x112 + x110)))
End If
If ft = 3 And c3 = 1 Then
ifault1 = vf / (x111 + ((x112) * (x110) / (x112 + x110)))
End If
Range("b63").Select
'INPUT "Project Name: ", projnam$
'INPUT "Project Number: ", projnum$
'INPUT "prepared by:", pb$
'INPUT "date:", da$
'INPUT "feeder no.: ", feedno$
'INPUT "fault on bus no.:", busno$
If opap = 1 Then
Print #1, x111, x112, x110
If ft = 4 And vsense = 1 Then
Print #1, "voltage on bus 1 at time of fault on bus 3 (in p.u.) = ", vf * (1 y13 / x111)
End If
Print #1, "voltage on bus 1, phases A,B,C ="; vsaf, vsbf, vscf
Print #1, "voltage on bus 2, phases A,B,C ="; vs2af, vs2bf, vs2cf
End If
Close #1
End If
If opap = 2 Then

Print #1, x111, x112, x110
End If
End If
Close #1
End If
End Sub
Sub MySub14()
UserForm4.Show
'INPUT "positive sequence reactance between node 0 and bus 1 in p.u.="; xx011, this is the prompt and
the variable 'value to be inputted by the user when using the program as written using QuickBasic &
operating under DOS.
'INPUT "negative sequence reactance between node 0 and bus 1 in p.u.="; xx012
'INPUT "zero sequence reactance between node 0 and bus 1 in p.u.="; xx010
'INPUT "positive sequence reactance between bus 1 and bus 2 in p.u.="; xx121
'INPUT "negative sequence reactance between bus 1 and bus 2 in p.u.="; xx122
'INPUT "zero sequence reactance between bus 1 and bus 2 in p.u.="; xx120
xx011 = Range("b86") 'Using Excel, the value of the variable x011 is enterd into cell b86.

x111 = xx011 + xx121 + xx231 + xx341
x112 = xx012 + xx122 + xx232 + xx342
y14 = xx011
y24 = xx011 + xx121
y34 = xx011 + xx121 + xx231
y142 = xx012
y242 = xx012 + xx122
y342 = xx012 + xx122 + xx232
d3 = Range("b102")
d2 = Range("b100")
d1 = Range("b101")
If d3 = 2 Then
x110 = xx010 + xx120 + 3 * (d1 + d2) + xx230 + xx340
y140 = xx010 + 3 * (d1 + d2)
y240 = xx010 + xx120 + 3 * (d1 + d2)
y340 = xx010 + xx120 + xx230 + 3 * (d1 + d2)
End If
If d3 = 1 Then
x110 = xx120 + 3 * (d2) + xx230 + xx340
y140 = 0
y240 = xx120 + 3 * (d2)
y340 = xx120 + xx230 + 3 * (d2)
End If
If d3 = 3 Then
Buttons:=vbOKOnly
End If
'Print "positive sequence reactance = "; x111
'Print "negative sequence reactance = "; x112
'Print "zero sequence reactance = "; x110
vf = Range("b98")
ft = Range("b99")
If ft = 2 And d3 = 2 Then
ifault = 3 * (vf) / (x111 + x112 + x110)
If vsense = 1 Then
vs10 = y140 * (ifault / 3)
vs11 = vf (y14) * (ifault / 3)
vs12 = (ifault / 3) * (y142)
vsbr = vs10 + (0.5) * (vs11) + (0.5) * (vs12)
vsbi = (0.866) * (vs11) + (0.866) * (vs12)
vsbf = ((vsbr) ^ 2 + (vsbi) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vscr = vs10 + (0.5) * (vs11) + (0.5) * (vs12)

vsci = (0.866) * (vs11) + (0.866) * (vs12)
vscf = ((vscr) ^ 2 + (vsci) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vs210 = y240 * (ifault / 3)
vs211 = vf (y24) * (ifault / 3)
vs212 = (ifault / 3) * (y242)
vs2af = vs210 + vs211 + vs212
vs2br = vs210 + (0.5) * (vs211) + (0.5) * (vs212)
vs2bi = (0.866) * (vs211) + (0.866) * (vs212)
vs2bf = ((vs2br) ^ 2 + (vs2bi) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vs2cr = vs210 + (0.5) * (vs211) + (0.5) * (vs212)
vs2ci = (0.866) * (vs211) + (0.866) * (vs212)
vs2cf = ((vs2cr) ^ 2 + (vs2ci) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vs310 = y340 * (ifault / 3)
vs311 = vf (y34) * (ifault / 3)
vs312 = (ifault / 3) * (y342)
vs3af = vs310 + vs311 + vs312
vs3br = vs310 + (0.5) * (vs311) + (0.5) * (vs312)
vs3bi = (0.866) * (vs311) + (0.866) * (vs312)
vs3bf = ((vs3br) ^ 2 + (vs3bi) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vs3cr = vs310 + (0.5) * (vs311) + (0.5) * (vs312)
vs3ci = (0.866) * (vs311) + (0.866) * (vs312)
vs3cf = ((vs3cr) ^ 2 + (vs3ci) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
Range("b113") = vsaf
Range("b114") = vsbf
Range("b115") = vscf
Range("b116") = vs210
Range("b117") = vs211
Range("b118") = vs212
Range("b122") = vs310
Range("b123") = vs311
Range("b124") = vs312
End If
End If
ifault = 3 * (vf) / (x111 + x112 + x110)
If vsense = 1 Then
vs10 = y140 * (ifault / 3)

vs11 = vf (y14) * (ifault / 3)
vs12 = (ifault / 3) * (y142)
vsbr = vs10 + (0.5) * (vs11) + (0.5) * (vs12)
vsbi = (0.866) * (vs11) + (0.866) * (vs12)
vsbf = ((vsbr) ^ 2 + (vsbi) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vscr = vs10 + (0.5) * (vs11) + (0.5) * (vs12)
vsci = (0.866) * (vs11) + (0.866) * (vs12)
vscf = ((vscr) ^ 2 + (vsci) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vs210 = y240 * (ifault / 3)
vs211 = vf (y24) * (ifault / 3)
vs212 = (ifault / 3) * (y242)
vs2af = vs210 + vs211 + vs212
vs2br = vs210 + (0.5) * (vs211) + (0.5) * (vs212)
vs2bi = (0.866) * (vs211) + (0.866) * (vs212)
vs2bf = ((vs2br) ^ 2 + (vs2bi) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vs2cr = vs210 + (0.5) * (vs211) + (0.5) * (vs212)
vs2ci = (0.866) * (vs211) + (0.866) * (vs212)
vs2cf = ((vs2cr) ^ 2 + (vs2ci) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vs310 = y340 * (ifault / 3)
vs311 = vf (y34) * (ifault / 3)
vs312 = (ifault / 3) * (y342)
vs3af = vs310 + vs311 + vs312
vs3br = vs310 + (0.5) * (vs311) + (0.5) * (vs312)
vs3bi = (0.866) * (vs311) + (0.866) * (vs312)
vs3bf = ((vs3br) ^ 2 + (vs3bi) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
vs3cr = vs310 + (0.5) * (vs311) + (0.5) * (vs312)
vs3ci = (0.866) * (vs311) + (0.866) * (vs312)
vs3cf = ((vs3cr) ^ 2 + (vs3ci) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
Range("b113") = vsaf
Range("b114") = vsbf
Range("b115") = vscf
Range("b116") = vs210
Range("b117") = vs211
Range("b118") = vs212
Range("b122") = vs310
Range("b123") = vs311
Range("b124") = vs312

End If
End If
If ft = 4 Then
ifault = vf / x111
If vsense = 1 Then
Range("b106") = (vf * (1 y14 / x111))
Range("b107") = (vf * (1 y24 / x111))
Range("b108") = (vf * (1 y34 / x111))
End If
End If
If ft = 1 Then
ifault1 = vf / (x111 + x112)
End If
ifault1 = vf / (x111 + ((x112) * (x110) / (x112 + x110)))
End If
ifault1 = vf / (x111 + ((x112) * (x110) / (x112 + x110)))
End If
Range("b104").Select
'Print "fault current ="; ifault
'INPUT "Project Name: ", projnam$
'INPUT "Project Number: ", projnum$
'INPUT "prepared by:", pb$
'INPUT "date:", da$
'INPUT "feeder no.: ", feedno$
'INPUT "fault on bus no.:", busno$
If opap = 1 Then

Print #1, x111, x112, x110
Print #1, "fault current ="; ifault
End If
Print #1, "voltage on bus 3, phases A,B,C ="; vs3af; vs3bf, vs3cf
End If
Close #1
End If
If opap = 2 Then
Print #1, x111, x112, x110
Print #1, "fault current ="; ifault
End If
Print #1, "voltage on bus 3, phases A,B,C ="; vs3af; vs3bf, vs3cf
End If
Close #1
End If
End Sub

Sub MySub2()
Worksheets("Network Systems Calculations").Activate
End Sub
Sheet 2 (Network systems fault calculations, 4bus):

Sub MySub21()
UserForm5.Show
x01 = Range("b12")
x02 = Range("b13")
x03 = Range("b14")
xx12 = Range("b15")
xx21 = Range("b15")
xx23 = Range("b16")
xx32 = Range("b16")
xx34 = Range("b17")
xx43 = Range("b17")
xx14 = Range("b18")
xx41 = Range("b18")
xx24 = Range("b19")
xx42 = Range("b19")
bn = Range("b20")
vf = Range("b21")
x11 = x01
x12 = x11
x21 = x12
x22 = x01 + xx12
x11 = x01
x12 = x11
x21 = x12
x22 = x01 + xx12
If x02 > 0 Then
x11p = x11
x12p = x12
x21p = x21
x22p = x22
xp1 = x21
xp2 = x22
xpp = x02 + x22
x1p = x12
x2p = x22
x111 = x11p ((x1p) * (xp1) / (xpp))
x121 = x12p ((x1p) * (xp2) / (xpp))
x211 = x21p ((x2p) * (xp1) / (xpp))
x221 = x22p ((x2p) * (xp2) / (xpp))
x131 = x121
x231 = x221
x311 = x211
x321 = x221
x331 = x221 + xx23
Else
x31 = x21

x32 = x22
x33 = xx23 + x22
x13 = x12
x23 = x22
End If
If (x111 = 0 And x221 = 0) Then
x11b = x11
x12b = x12
x13b = x13
x21b = x21
x22b = x22
x23b = x23
x31b = x31
x32b = x32
x33b = x33
Else
x11b = x111
x12b = x121
x13b = x131
x21b = x211
x22b = x221
x23b = x231
x31b = x311
x32b = x321
x33b = x331
End If
If x03 > 0 Then
x11p1 = x11b
x12p1 = x12b
x13p1 = x13b
x21p1 = x21b
x22p1 = x22b
x23p1 = x23b
x31p1 = x31b
x32p1 = x32b
x33p1 = x33b
xp12 = x31b
xp22 = x32b
xp32 = x33b
xpp1 = x03 + x33b
x1p2 = x13b
x2p2 = x23b
x3p2 = x33b
x112 = x11p1 ((x1p2) * (xp12) / (xpp1))
x122 = x12p1 ((x1p2) * (xp22) / (xpp1))
x132 = x13p1 ((x1p2) * (xp32) / (xpp1))

x212 = x21p1 ((x2p2) * (xp12) / (xpp1))
x222 = x22p1 ((x2p2) * (xp22) / (xpp1))
x232 = x23p1 ((x2p2) * (xp32) / (xpp1))
x312 = x31p1 ((x3p2) * (xp12) / (xpp1))
x322 = x32p1 ((x3p2) * (xp22) / (xpp1))
x332 = x33p1 ((x3p2) * (xp32) / (xpp1))
x142 = x132
x242 = x232
x342 = x332
x412 = x312
x422 = x322
x432 = x332
x442 = x332 + xx34
Else
x11d = x11
x12d = x12
x13d = x13
x14d = x13
x21d = x21
x22d = x22
x23d = x23
x24d = x23
x31d = x31
x32d = x32
x33d = x33
x34d = x33
x41d = x31
x42d = x32
x43d = x33
x44d = x33 + xx34
End If
x1p3 = x122 x142
x2p3 = x222 x242
x3p3 = x322 x342
x4p3 = x422 x442
xp13 = x1p3
xp23 = x2p3
xp33 = x3p3
xp43 = x4p3
xpp3 = x222 + x442 2 * (x242) + xx42
x11f = x112 (x1p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x12f = x122 (x1p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x13f = x132 (x1p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x14f = x142 (x1p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x21f = x212 (x2p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)

x22f = x222 (x2p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x23f = x232 (x2p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x24f = x242 (x2p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x31f = x312 (x3p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x32f = x322 (x3p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x33f = x332 (x3p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x34f = x342 (x3p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x41f = x412 (x4p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x42f = x422 (x4p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x43f = x432 (x4p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x44f = x442 (x4p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
End If
x1p3 = x12d x14d
x2p3 = x22d x24d
x3p3 = x32d x34d
x4p3 = x42d x44d
xp13 = x1p3
xp23 = x2p3
xp33 = x3p3
xp43 = x4p3
xpp3 = x22d + x44d 2 * (x24d) + xx42
x11f = x11d (x1p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x12f = x12d (x1p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x13f = x13d (x1p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x14f = x14d (x1p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x21f = x21d (x2p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x22f = x22d (x2p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x23f = x23d (x2p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x24f = x24d (x2p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x31f = x31d (x3p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x32f = x32d (x3p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x33f = x33d (x3p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x34f = x34d (x3p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x41f = x41d (x4p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x42f = x42d (x4p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x43f = x43d (x4p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x44f = x44d (x4p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
End If
If xx41 > 0 Then
x1p4 = x11f x14f
x2p4 = x21f x24f
x3p4 = x31f x34f
x4p4 = x41f x44f
xp14 = x1p4
xp24 = x2p4

xp34 = x3p4
xp44 = x4p4
xpp4 = x11f + x44f 2 * (x14f) + xx41
x11f1 = x11f (x1p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)
x12f1 = x12f (x1p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x13f1 = x13f (x1p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x14f1 = x14f (x1p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)
x21f1 = x21f (x2p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)
x22f1 = x22f (x2p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x23f1 = x23f (x2p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x24f1 = x24f (x2p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)
x31f1 = x31f (x3p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)
x32f1 = x32f (x3p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x33f1 = x33f (x3p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x34f1 = x34f (x3p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)
x41f1 = x41f (x4p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)
x42f1 = x42f (x4p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x43f1 = x43f (x4p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x44f1 = x44f (x4p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)
End If
If xx41 = 0 Then
xxc11 = x11f
xxc12 = x12f
xxc13 = x13f
xxc14 = x14f
xxc21 = x21f
xxc22 = x22f
xxc23 = x23f
xxc24 = x24f
xxc31 = x31f
xxc32 = x32f
xxc33 = x33f
xxc34 = x34f
xxc41 = x41f
xxc42 = x42f
xxc43 = x43f
xxc44 = x44f
Range("d16") = x11f
Range("d17") = x12f
Range("d18") = x13f
Range("d19") = x14f
Range("d20") = x21f

Range("d21") = x22f
Range("d22") = x23f
Range("d23") = x24f
Range("d24") = x31f
Range("d25") = x32f
Range("d26") = x33f
Range("d27") = x34f
Range("d28") = x41f
Range("d29") = x42f
Range("d30") = x43f
Range("d31") = x44f
Else
xxc11 = x11f1
xxc12 = x12f1
xxc13 = x13f1
xxc14 = x14f1
xxc21 = x21f1
xxc22 = x22f1
xxc23 = x23f1
xxc24 = x24f1
xxc31 = x31f1
xxc32 = x32f1
xxc33 = x33f1
xxc34 = x34f1
xxc41 = x41f1
xxc42 = x42f1
xxc43 = x43f1
xxc44 = x44f1
End If
If bn = 1 Then
'Print "3 phase fault current in p.u. =j"; vf / xxc11
Range("b22") = vf / xxc11
End If
If bn = 1 Then
'Print "voltage on buses 2,3,4 respectively are in p.u.="; (vf (xxc12 / xxc11)), (vf (xxc13 / xxc11)),
(vf (xxc14 / xxc11))
Range("a23") = "voltage on bus 2"
Range("b23") = (vf (xxc12 / xxc11))
End If
If bn = 2 Then

End If
If bn = 2 Then
End If
If bn = 3 Then
End If
If bn = 3 Then
End If
If bn = 4 Then
End If
If bn = 4 Then
End If
'INPUT "Project Name:"; projnam$
'INPUT "Prepared By: "; pb$
'INPUT "Project Number:"; projnum$
'INPUT "Date: "; da$
If opap = 1 Then

If bn = 1 Then Print #1, "3 phase fault at bus 1 s.c.c. in p.u. =j"; vf / xxc11, "voltage on buses 2,3,4
respectively are in p.u.="; (vf (xxc12 / xxc11)), (vf (xxc13 / xxc11)), (vf (xxc14 / xxc11))
If bn = 2 Then Print #1, "3 phase fault at bus 2 s.c.c. in p.u. =j"; vf / xxc22; "voltage on buses 1,3,4
Close #1
End If
If opap = 2 Then
If bn = 2 Then Print #1, "3 phase fault at bus 2 s.c.c. in p.u. =j"; vf / xxc22; "voltage on buses 1,3,4
Close #1
End If
End Sub









Sub MySub22()
'DECLARE SUB d (b1!, b2!, b3!, b4!, b5!, b6!, b7!, b8!, b9!, b10!, b11!, b12!, b13!, b14!, b15!, b16!,
b17!, b18!, b19!, b20!, b21!, b22!, b23!, b24!, b25!, b26!)
'DECLARE SUB c (a1!, a2!, a3!, a4!, a5!, a6!, a7!, a8!, a9!, a10!, a11!, a12!, a13!, a14!, a15!, a16!,
a17!, a18!, a19!, a20!, a21!, a22!, a23!, a24!, a25!, a26!)
'DECLARE SUB b (x11b, x12b, x13b, x21b, x22b, x23b, x31b, x32b, x33b, x03, xx34, xx45)
'DECLARE SUB a (x11, x12, x21, x22, x02, xx23)
'COMMON SHARED x111, x121, x131, x211, x221, x231, x311, x321, x331

'COMMON SHARED x112, x122, x132, x142, x212, x222, x232, x242, x312, x322, x332, x342, x412,
x422, x432, x442, x51, x52, x53, x54, x55, x15, x25, x35, x45
'COMMON SHARED x11f, x12f, x13f, x14f, x15f, x21f, x22f, x23f, x24f, x25f, x31f, x32f, x33f,
x34f, x35f, x41f, x42f, x43f, x44f, x45f, x51f, x52f, x53f, x54f, x55f
'COMMON SHARED x11f1, x12f1, x13f1, x14f1, x15f1, x21f1, x22f1, x23f1, x24f1, x25f1, x31f1,
x32f1, x33f1, x34f1, x35f1, x41f1, x42f1, x43f1, x44f1, x45f1, x51f1, x52f1, x53f1, x54f1, x55f1
'CLS
'Print "The Series of Short Programs for Power Systems Analysts P/D version, 1999"
'Print "a program to calculate the impedance bus matrix for 4 buses, with 3 sources, side branches, and
x35=x25=x24=x31=0, symmetrical fault currents on any of the 4 buses and voltage sensitivity on the
others"
'Open "sccalcn5.dat" For Input As #1
'Input #1, x01, x02, x03, x04, xx12, xx23, xx34, xx45, xx53, xx51, vf
'Close #1
UserForm6.Show
x01 = Range("b38")
x02 = Range("b39")
x03 = Range("b40")
xx12 = Range("b41")
xx21 = Range("b41")
xx23 = Range("b42")
xx32 = Range("b42")
xx34 = Range("b43")
xx43 = Range("b43")
xx54 = Range("b44")
xx45 = Range("b44")
xx15 = Range("b45")
xx51 = Range("b45")
xx35 = Range("b46")
xx53 = Range("b46")
bn = Range("b47")
vf = Range("b48")
x11 = x01
x12 = x11
x21 = x12
x22 = x01 + xx12
Debug.Print "reactances after first step", x11, x12, x21, x22
If x02 > 0 Then
x11p = x11
x12p = x12
x21p = x21
x22p = x22
xp1 = x21
xp2 = x22
xpp = x02 + x22
x1p = x12

x2p = x22
x111 = x11p ((x1p) * (xp1) / (xpp))
x121 = x12p ((x1p) * (xp2) / (xpp))
x211 = x21p ((x2p) * (xp1) / (xpp))
x221 = x22p ((x2p) * (xp2) / (xpp))
x131 = x121
x231 = x221
x311 = x211
x321 = x221
x331 = x221 + xx23
Else
x31 = x21
x32 = x22
x33 = xx23 + x22
x13 = x12
x23 = x22
End If
If (x111 = 0 And x221 = 0) Then
x11b = x11
x12b = x12
x13b = x13
x21b = x21
x22b = x22
x23b = x23
x31b = x31
x32b = x32
x33b = x33
Else
x11b = x111
x12b = x121
x13b = x131
x21b = x211
x22b = x221
x23b = x231
x31b = x311
x32b = x321
x33b = x331
End If
If x03 > 0 Then
x11p1 = x11b
x12p1 = x12b
x13p1 = x13b
x21p1 = x21b
x22p1 = x22b
x23p1 = x23b
x31p1 = x31b

x32p1 = x32b
x33p1 = x33b
xp12 = x31b
xp22 = x32b
xp32 = x33b
xpp1 = x03 + x33b
x1p2 = x13b
x2p2 = x23b
x3p2 = x33b
x112 = x11p1 ((x1p2) * (xp12) / (xpp1))
x122 = x12p1 ((x1p2) * (xp22) / (xpp1))
x132 = x13p1 ((x1p2) * (xp32) / (xpp1))
x212 = x21p1 ((x2p2) * (xp12) / (xpp1))
x222 = x22p1 ((x2p2) * (xp22) / (xpp1))
x232 = x23p1 ((x2p2) * (xp32) / (xpp1))
x312 = x31p1 ((x3p2) * (xp12) / (xpp1))
x322 = x32p1 ((x3p2) * (xp22) / (xpp1))
x332 = x33p1 ((x3p2) * (xp32) / (xpp1))
x142 = x132
x242 = x232
x342 = x332
x412 = x312
x422 = x322
x432 = x332
x442 = x332 + xx34
x51 = x412
x52 = x422
x53 = x432
x54 = x442
x55 = x442 + xx45
x15 = x142
x25 = x242
x35 = x342
x45 = x442
Else
x11d = x11
x12d = x12
x13d = x13
x14d = x13
x21d = x21
x22d = x22
x23d = x23
x24d = x23
x31d = x31
x32d = x32
x33d = x33

x34d = x33
x41d = x31
x42d = x32
x43d = x33
x44d = x33 + xx34
x51d = x41d
x52d = x42d
x53d = x43d
x54d = x44d
x55d = x44d + xx45
x15d = x14d
x25d = x24d
x35d = x34d
x45d = x44d
End If
x1p3 = x132 x15
x2p3 = x232 x25
x3p3 = x332 x35
x4p3 = x432 x45
x5p3 = x53 x55
xp13 = x1p3
xp23 = x2p3
xp33 = x3p3
xp43 = x4p3
xp53 = x5p3
xpp3 = x332 + x55 2 * (x35) + xx53
x11f = x112 (x1p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x12f = x122 (x1p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x13f = x132 (x1p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x14f = x142 (x1p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x15f = x15 (x1p3) * (xp53) / (xpp3)
x21f = x212 (x2p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x22f = x222 (x2p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x23f = x232 (x2p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x24f = x242 (x2p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x25f = x25 (x2p3) * (xp53) / (xpp3)
x31f = x312 (x3p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x32f = x322 (x3p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x33f = x332 (x3p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x34f = x342 (x3p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x35f = x35 (x3p3) * (xp53) / (xpp3)
x41f = x412 (x4p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x42f = x422 (x4p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x43f = x432 (x4p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x44f = x442 (x4p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)

x45f = x45 (x4p3) * (xp53) / (xpp3)
x51f = x51 (x5p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x52f = x52 (x5p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x53f = x53 (x5p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x54f = x54 (x5p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x55f = x55 (x5p3) * (xp53) / (xpp3)
End If
x1p3 = x13d x15d
x2p3 = x23d x25d
x3p3 = x33d x35d
x4p3 = x43d x45d
x5p3 = x53d x55d
xp13 = x1p3
xp23 = x2p3
xp33 = x3p3
xp43 = x4p3
xp53 = x5p3
xpp3 = x33d + x55d 2 * (x35d) + xx53
x11f = x11d (x1p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x12f = x12d (x1p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x13f = x13d (x1p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x14f = x14d (x1p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x15f = x15d (x1p3) * (xp53) / (xpp3)
x21f = x21d (x2p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x22f = x22d (x2p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x23f = x23d (x2p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x24f = x24d (x2p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x25f = x25d (x2p3) * (xp53) / (xpp3)
x31f = x31d (x3p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x32f = x32d (x3p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x33f = x33d (x3p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x34f = x34d (x3p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x35f = x35d (x3p3) * (xp53) / (xpp3)
x41f = x41d (x4p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x42f = x42d (x4p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x43f = x43d (x4p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x44f = x44d (x4p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x45f = x45d (x4p3) * (xp53) / (xpp3)
x51f = x51d (x5p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3)
x52f = x52d (x5p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3)
x53f = x53d (x5p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3)
x54f = x54d (x5p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3)
x55f = x55d (x5p3) * (xp53) / (xpp3)
End If
If xx51 = 0 Then

Debug.Print x11f, x12f, x13f, x14f, x15f
xxc11 = x11f
xxc12 = x12f
xxc13 = x13f
xxc14 = x14f
xxc15 = x15f
xxc21 = x21f
xxc22 = x22f
xxc23 = x23f
xxc24 = x24f
xxc25 = x25f
xxc31 = x31f
xxc32 = x32f
xxc33 = x33f
xxc34 = x34f
xxc35 = x35f
xxc41 = x41f
xxc42 = x42f
xxc43 = x43f
xxc44 = x44f
xxc45 = x45f
xxc51 = x51f
xxc52 = x52f
xxc53 = x53f
xxc54 = x54f
xxc55 = x55f
Else
x1p4 = x11f x15f
x2p4 = x21f x25f
x3p4 = x31f x35f
x4p4 = x41f x45f
x5p4 = x51f x55f
xp14 = x1p4
xp24 = x2p4
xp34 = x3p4
xp44 = x4p4
xp54 = x5p4
xpp4 = x11f + x55f 2 * (x15f) + xx51
x11f1 = x11f (x1p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)
x12f1 = x12f (x1p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x13f1 = x13f (x1p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x14f1 = x14f (x1p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)

x15f1 = x15f (x1p4) * (xp54) / (xpp4)
x21f1 = x21f (x2p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)
x22f1 = x22f (x2p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x23f1 = x23f (x2p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x24f1 = x24f (x2p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)
x25f1 = x25f (x2p4) * (xp54) / (xpp4)
x31f1 = x31f (x3p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)
x32f1 = x32f (x3p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x33f1 = x33f (x3p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x34f1 = x34f (x3p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)
x35f1 = x35f (x3p4) * (xp54) / (xpp4)
x41f1 = x41f (x4p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)
x42f1 = x42f (x4p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x43f1 = x43f (x4p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x44f1 = x44f (x4p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)
x45f1 = x45f (x4p4) * (xp54) / (xpp4)
x51f1 = x51f (x5p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4)
x52f1 = x52f (x5p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4)
x53f1 = x53f (x5p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4)
x54f1 = x54f (x5p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4)
x55f1 = x55f (x5p4) * (xp54) / (xpp4)
End If
Debug.Print x11f1; x12f1; x13f1; x14f1; x15f1
xxc11 = x11f1
xxc12 = x12f1
xxc13 = x13f1
xxc14 = x14f1
xxc15 = x15f1
xxc21 = x21f1
xxc22 = x22f1
xxc23 = x23f1
xxc24 = x24f1
xxc25 = x25f1
xxc31 = x31f1
xxc32 = x32f1
xxc33 = x33f1
xxc34 = x34f1
xxc35 = x35f1
xxc41 = x41f1
xxc42 = x42f1
xxc43 = x43f1
xxc44 = x44f1

xxc45 = x45f1
xxc51 = x51f1
xxc52 = x52f1
xxc53 = x53f1
xxc54 = x54f1
xxc55 = x55f1
'INPUT "3 phase fault on bus number", bn
If bn = 1 Then
End If
If bn = 1 Then
'Print "voltage on buses 2,3,4,5 respectively are in p.u.="; (vf (xxc12 / xxc11)), (vf (xxc13 / xxc11)),
(vf (xxc14 / xxc11)), (vf (xxc15 / xxc11))
End If
If bn = 2 Then
End If
If bn = 2 Then
End If
If bn = 3 Then
End If
If bn = 3 Then

End If
If bn = 4 Then
End If
If bn = 4 Then
End If
If bn = 5 Then
End If
If bn = 5 Then
End If
Range("b49").Select
'INPUT "Project Name:"; projnam$
'INPUT "Prepared By: "; pb$
'INPUT "Project Number:"; projnum$
'INPUT "Date: "; da$

If opap = 1 Then
If bn = 1 Then Print #1, "3 phase fault at bus 1 s.c.c. in p.u. =j"; vf / xxc11, "voltage on buses 2,3,4,5
respectively are in p.u.="; (vf (xxc12 / xxc11)), (vf (xxc13 / xxc11)), (vf (xxc14 / xxc11)), (vf
(xxc15 / xxc11))
If bn = 2 Then Print #1, "3 phase fault at bus 2 s.c.c. in p.u. =j"; vf / xxc22; "voltage on buses 1,3,4,5
(xxc25 / xxc22))
(xxc35 / xxc33))
(xxc45 / xxc44))
(xxc45 / xxc55))
Close #1
End If
If opap = 2 Then
(xxc15 / xxc11))
(xxc25 / xxc22))
(xxc35 / xxc33))
(xxc45 / xxc44))
(xxc45 / xxc55))
Close #1
End If
'Print "enter 1 to go to main menu, 2 to go to short circuit calculations menu"

End Sub
Sub MySub3()
Workbooks.Open "c:my documentshowtohtpsach2.xls"
Worksheets("series or parallel elements").Activate
End Sub
Note: On page 106 under the first else statement, it is assumed that if there is no source connected
between bus 3 and the reference node then there will be no one connected between bus 2 and the
reference node. If the case is that there may be a source at bus 2 with no one on bus 3, then replace the
values shown on the side with those having a suffix b. The same applies to page 114, the statements
under the first else in the page.
Quattro Pro of Borland
The next few pages will show a file that runs under Quattro Pro. It will show the necessary macros to
run short circuit studies for a 2bus radial system and a 5bus network (with side branches) system.
Based on these sample models any similar studies with other number of buses can be modelled and the
subject analysis can be performed. The 5bus network can, also, calculate 3phase short circuit values
and the voltage on the unfaulty buses (voltage sensitivity analysis) for a radial system with 5 buses. The
2 bus radial system example given calculates fault currents for line to line, line to ground, line to line to
ground and line to line to line faults in 3 phase systems. For the line to ground and 3 phase faults, the
option to perform a voltage sensitivity analysis is provided.

contents

Chapter 4
Load flow studies

Introduction:
Load flow studies are performed on power systems,among other reasons, to allow the proper sizing of
the series system components. This study will give the level of power (current) flowing from one bus to
the other under different load conditions. Thus, the cables, splices, circuit breakers, fuses, and other
components will be sized accordingly. It may also give the values of overloads for short duration,
which is also included when sizing the electrical system components. Another reason for running such
studies would be the investigation of the effects of starting squirrel cage induction motors in the system
over the different buses (bus voltage reduction during the staring period of the motor). It can also be
run to see the effect of applying capacitors to the differnt points in the system to reduce ther reactive
power flowing and improve the bus voltage. In general, the input to the study will be: the resistance &
reactance of the different segments in the system (between the different buses), the active & reactive
power consumed at the different system buses, the voltage (usually taken as 1) and phase angle (usually
taken as 0) for the first iteration, the MVA base for the system (usually taken as 100). To solve this
type of problems, iterative methods are used, fast decoupled, NewtonRapphson or Rung Kutta. In this
book, for the radial system, Fast Decoupled method is used; for network ones, NewtonRaphson is
used. The iterative methods, using the data inputted by the user, will construct the Ybus matrix, then
calculating the active power balance as well as the reactive power balance at the different nodes
(buses). Assuming the problem is diverging, substituting the calculated voltages and phase angles
calculated n this iteration into the next iteration, the difference between the power inflowing (active &
reactive) to the different buses will equal or be close enough within very close limits to the outflowing
power (active & reactive). Under this last condition, the voltages as well as the phase angles are
registerd and the power (ctive and reactive) flowing between the buses are calculated. It is quite known
that the phase angle affects the active power flow and the voltage affects thereactive power flow.

Examples showing how to use Excel to solve for the load flow studies including bus voltages & phase
angles at each of the buses (nodes) and the power flow between the different buses:
The menu when the load flow calculation file is opened under Excel
Microsoft Excel:
WORKBOOKS & WORKSHEETS PROGRAMS
Private Sub Workbook_Deactivate()
End Sub
Private Sub Workbook_Open()

newMenu.Caption = "&Load flow Calculations"
With ctrl1
End With
ctrl2.TooltipText = "Network systems"
With ctrl2
End With
With ctrl3
End With
End Sub
Private Sub Workbook_Activate()
With ctrl1
End With
ctrl2.TooltipText = "Network systems"
With ctrl2
End With

With ctrl3
End With
End Sub
End Sub
With ctrl1
End With
With ctrl2
End With
With ctrl3
End With
newMenu.Caption = "&Radial systems"
ctrl11.Caption = "&One feeder, 2bus system"
With ctrl11
End With
ctrl12.Caption = "O&ne feeder, 3bus system"

With ctrl12
End With
ctrl13.Caption = "T&hree feeders, up to 10 buses"
ctrl131.Caption = "Three feeders, &fivebus"
With ctrl131
End With
ctrl132.Caption = "Three feeders, &sixbus"
With ctrl132
End With
ctrl133.Caption = "Three feeders, se&venbus"
With ctrl133
End With
ctrl134.Caption = "Three feeders, &eightbus"
With ctrl134
End With
ctrl135.Caption = "Three feeders, &ninebus"
With ctrl135
End With
ctrl136.Caption = "Three feeders, &tenbus"
With ctrl136

End With
End Sub
End Sub
With ctrl1
End With
With ctrl2
End With
With ctrl3
End With
newMenu.Caption = "&Network systems"
With ctrl21
End With
End Sub
USER FORMS (DIALOG BOXES)

TextBox8 = Range("z7 ")
End Sub
Unload UserForm1
End Sub
errorhandler:
Resume Next
End If
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
TextBox2 = Range("zb27")

End Sub
Unload UserForm2
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
'reset button
End Sub

Unload UserForm3
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
UserForm4 (load flow for 3 feeders, 6bus system):

Range("aa65") = Range("b65")
Unload UserForm4
UserForm4a.Show
End Sub
'reset button
TextBox1 = Range("aa65")

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
Private Sub UserForm_Deactivate()

End Sub
UserForm4a (load flow for 3 feeders, 6bus system):
Unload UserForm4a
UserForm4.Show
End Sub
'reset button
End Sub
Unload UserForm4a
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
NOTE: Dialog boxes (UserForms5 & 5a, UserForm6 & 6a and UserForm7 & 7a) will not be given here
as they are similar to the ones given above (UserForm4 & 4a) and those given below (Userform8 &
8a), except with the necessary modifications to reflect the number of buses in the system.
UserForm8 (load flow for 3 feeders, 10bus system)
Range("ae65") = Range("b65")

Unload UserForm8
UserForm8a.Show
End Sub
'reset button
TextBox13 = Range("ae65")

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
UserForm8a (load flow for 3 feeders, 10bus system)

Unload UserForm8a
UserForm8.Show
End Sub
'reset button
End Sub
Unload UserForm8a
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub

End Sub
MODULES
Sub MySub11()
'INPUT "series resistance of the slack bus to bus 2 in p.u. ="; r12
'INPUT "series reactance of the slack bus to bus 2 in p.u."; x12
'INPUT "MVAC per line slack bus to 2"; mvac12
'INPUT "voltage at the slack bus in p.u."; v1
'INPUT "voltage at bus 2 in p.u. ="; v2
'INPUT "phase angle at bus 1 in rad. ="; d1
'INPUT "active power in mw scheduled at bus 1 (slack)"; p1
'INPUT "active power in mw at bus 2"; p2
'INPUT "reactive power in mvar scheduled at bus 1"; q1
UserForm1.Show
r12 = Range("b2")

x12 = Range("b3")
mvac12 = Range("b4")
v1 = Range("b5")
d1 = Range("b6")
v2 = Range("b7")
d2 = Range("b8")
p1 = Range("b9")
p2 = Range("b10")
q1 = Range("b11")
q2 = Range("b12")
z12 = ((r12) ^ 2 + (x12) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
y12 = 1 / z12
an12 = Atn(x12 / r12)
g12 = y12 * Cos(an12)
b12 = y12 * Sin(an12)
yc12 = (mvac12) / 200
gb11 = g12
gb22 = g12
gb12 = g12
gb21 = g12
bb11 = b12 + yc12
bb22 = b12 + yc12
bb12 = b12
bb21 = b12
pb2 = ((gb22) * ((v2) ^ 2)) + ((v2 * v1) * (y12 * Cos(an12 + d1 d2)))
diffp2 = ((p2 / 100) pb2) / v2
d21 = (diffp2) / bb22
dq2 = (1 / v2) * ((q2 / 100) + ((bb22) * (v2 ^ 2)) + ((v1 * v2) * (y12 * Sin(an12 + d1 d21))))
dv2 = (dq2) / bb22
v21 = v2 + dv1
diffp21 = ((p2 / 100) pb21) / v21
d22 = (diffp21) / bb22
dd22 = d22 + d21
dq21 = (1 / v21) * ((q2 / 100) + ((bb22) * (v21 ^ 2)) + ((v1 * v21) * (y12 * Sin(an12 + d1 dd22))))
dv22 = (dq21) / bb22
v22 = v21 + dv22
pb22 = ((gb22) * ((v22) ^ 2)) + ((v22 * v1) * (y12 * Cos(an12 + d1 dd22)))
diffp22 = ((p2 / 100) pb22) / v22
d23 = (diffp22) / bb22
dd23 = d23 + dd22
dq22 = (1 / v22) * ((q2 / 100) + ((bb22) * (v22 ^ 2)) + ((v1 * v22) * (y12 * Sin(an12 + d1 dd23))))
dv23 = (dq22) / bb22
v23 = v22 + dv23
Range("b14") = v23
Range("b15") = dd23

Range("c15") = dd23 * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b16") = (((v1 ^ 2) * (g12)) + ((v1) * (v23) * (y12) * (Cos(an12 + dd23 d1))))
Range("b17") = (((v23 ^ 2) * (g12)) + ((v1) * (v23) * (y12) * (Cos(an12 dd23 + d1))))
Range("b18") = ((v1 ^ 2) * (b12 + yc12) (v1) * (v23) * (y12) * (Sin(an12 + dd23 d1)))
Range("b19") = ((v23 ^ 2) * (b12 + yc12) (v1) * (v23) * (y12) * (Sin(an12 dd23 + d1)))
Range("b20") = diffp2
Range("c20") = dq2
Range("c21") = dq21
Range("c22") = dq22
'Print "voltage at bus 2: "; v23
'Print "phase angle at bus 2: "; dd23; "rad", "in degrees="; dd23 * 180 / 3.14159265
'Print " all active and reactive power values are in p.u."
'Print "active power in p.u.from bus 1 towards 2:"; (((v1 ^ 2) * (g12)) + ((v1) * (v23) * (y12) * (Cos(
an12 + dd23 d1))))
an12 dd23 + d1))))
'Print "reactive power from bus 1 towards 2:"; ((v1 ^ 2) * (b12 + yc12) (v1) * (v23) * (y12) * (Sin(
an12 + dd23 d1)))
'Print "reactive power from bus 2 towards 1:"; ((v23 ^ 2) * (b12 + yc12) (v1) * (v23) * (y12) *
(Sin(an12 dd23 + d1)))
'Print "mismatches", diffp2, diffp21, diffp22, dq2, dq21, dq22
End Sub
Sub MySub12()
'INPUT "series resistance of the slack bus to bus 2 in p.u. ="; r12
'INPUT "series resistance from bus 2 to bus 3 in p.u. ="; r23
'INPUT "series reactance of the slack bus to bus 2 in p.u. ="; x12
'INPUT "series reactance from bus 2 to bus 3 in p.u."; x23
'INPUT "MVAC per line slack bus to 2"; mvac12
'INPUT "MVAC per line bus 2 to 3"; mvac23
'INPUT "voltage at the slack bus in p.u. ="; v1
'INPUT "active power in mw scheduled at bus 1 (slack)"; p1
UserForm2.Show
r12 = Range("b26")
r23 = Range("b27")

x12 = Range("b28")
x23 = Range("b29")
v1 = Range("b32")
v2 = Range("b33")
v3 = Range("b34")
d1 = Range("b35")
d2 = Range("b36")
d3 = Range("b37")
p1 = Range("b38")
p2 = Range("b39")
p3 = Range("b40")
q1 = Range("b41")
q2 = Range("b42")
q3 = Range("b43")
z12 = ((r12) ^ 2 + (x12) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z23 = ((r23) ^ 2 + (x23) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
y12 = 1 / z12
y23 = 1 / z23
an12 = Atn(x12 / r12)
an23 = Atn(x23 / r23)
g12 = y12 * Cos(an12)
g23 = y23 * Cos(an23)
b12 = y12 * Sin(an12)
b23 = y23 * Sin(an23)
yc12 = (mvac12) / 200
yc23 = (mvac23) / 200
gb11 = g12
gb22 = g12 + g23
gb33 = g23
gb12 = g12
gb21 = g12
gb23 = g23
gb32 = g23
bb11 = b12 + yc12
bb22 = b12 + yc12 + b23 + yc23
bb33 = b23 + yc23
bb12 = b12
bb21 = b12
bb23 = b23
bb32 = b23
pb2 = ((gb22) * ((v2) ^ 2)) + ((v2 * v1) * (y12 * Cos(an12 + d1 d2)) + (v2 * v3) * (y23 * Cos(
an23 + d3 d2)))
diffp2 = ((p2 / 100) pb2) / v2

diffp3 = ((p3 / 100) pb3) / v3
deter = bb22 * (bb33) bb23 * (bb32)
aa11 = bb33 / deter
aa12 = bb23 / deter
aa21 = bb32 / deter
aa22 = bb22 / deter
d21 = (diffp2 * aa11) + (aa12 * diffp3)
d31 = (aa21 * diffp2) + (aa22 * diffp3)
dq2 = (1 / v2) * ((q2 / 100) + ((bb22) * (v2 ^ 2)) + ((v1 * v2) * (y12 * Sin(an12 + d1 d21))) + ((v3 *
v2) * (y23 * Sin(an23 + d31 d21))))
dv2 = (aa11 * dq2) + (aa12 * dq3)
dv3 = (aa21 * dq2) + (aa22 * dq3)
v21 = v2 + dv2
v31 = v3 + dv3
pb21 = ((gb22) * ((v21) ^ 2)) + ((v21 * v1) * (y12 * Cos(an12 + d1 d21)) + (v21 * v31) * (y23 *
Cos(an23 ++ d31 d21)))
diffp21 = ((p2 / 100) pb21) / v21
diffp31 = ((p3 / 100) pb31) / v31
dd22 = (diffp21 * aa11) + (aa12 * diffp31)
dd32 = (aa21 * diffp21) + (aa22 * diffp31)
d22 = d21 + dd22
d32 = d31 + dd32
dq21 = (1 / v21) * ((q2 / 100) + ((bb22) * (v21 ^ 2)) + ((v1 * v21) * (y12 * Sin(an12 + d1 d22))) +
((v31 * v21) * (y23 * Sin(an23 + d32 d22))))
dv21 = (aa11 * dq21) + (aa12 * dq31)
dv31 = (aa12 * dq21) + (aa22 * dq31)
v22 = v21 + dv21
v32 = v31 + dv31
pb22 = ((gb22) * ((v22) ^ 2)) + ((v22 * v1) * (y12 * Cos(an12 + d1 d22)) + (v22 * v32) * (y23 *
Cos(an23 ++ d32 d22)))
diffp22 = ((p2 / 100) pb22) / v22
diffp32 = ((p3 / 100) pb32) / v32
dd23 = (diffp22 * aa11) + (aa12 * diffp32)
dd33 = (aa21 * diffp22) + (aa22 * diffp32)
d23 = d22 + dd23
d33 = d32 + dd33
dq22 = (1 / v22) * ((q2 / 100) + ((bb22) * (v22 ^ 2)) + ((v1 * v22) * (y12 * Sin(an12 + d1 d23))) +
((v32 * v22) * (y23 * Sin(an23 + d33 d23))))
dv22 = (aa11 * dq22) (aa12 * dq32)

dv32 = (aa12 * dq22) + (aa22 * dq32)
v23 = v22 + dv22
v33 = v32 + dv32
Range("b45") = v23
Range("b46") = v33
Range("b47") = d23
Range("c47") = d23 * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b48") = d33
Range("c48") = d33 * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b49") = (((v1 ^ 2) * (g12)) + ((v1) * (v23) * (y12) * (Cos(an12 + d23 d1))))
Range("b50") = (((v23 ^ 2) * (g12)) + ((v1) * (v23) * (y12) * (Cos(an12 d23 + d1))))
Range("b53") = ((v1 ^ 2) * (b12 + yc12) (v1) * (v23) * (y12) * (Sin(an12 + d23 d1)))
Range("b54") = ((v23 ^ 2) * (b12 + yc12) (v1) * (v23) * (y12) * (Sin(an12 d23 + d1)))
Range("c57") = dq2
Range("c58") = dq3
Range("c59") = dq21
Range("c60") = dq31
Range("c61") = dq22
Range("c62") = dq32
'Print "phase angle at bus 2: "; d23; "rad"; "in degrees:"; d23 * 180 / 3.14159265
'Print "phase angle at bus 3: "; d33; "rad"; "in degrees:"; d33 * 180 / 3.14159265
'Print " all active and reactive power values are in p.u."
'Print "active power in p.u.from bus 2 towards 3:"; (((v23 ^ 2) * (g23)) + ((v23) * (v33) * (y23) *
(Cos(an23 + d33 d23))))
an12 + d23 d1))))
an12 d23 + d1))))
'Print "active power in p.u.from bus 3 towards 2:"; (((v33 ^ 2) * (g23)) + ((v23) * (v33) * (y23) *
(Cos(an23 d33 + d23))))
(Sin(an23 + d33 d23)))
an12 + d23 d1)))

(Sin(an12 d23 + d1)))
(Sin(an23 d33 + d23)))
'Print "mismatches", diffp2, diffp21, diffp22, dq2, dq21, dq22, diffp3, diffp31, diffp32, dq3, dq31,
dq32
End Sub
Sub Mysub131()
'Print "enter zeros for r and x if the circuit ends at a bus number less than 10"
Dim d(30, 30)
Dim dd(30, 30)
Dim diffp(30, 30)
Dim dq(30, 30)
Dim dq1(30, 30)
Dim dq2(30, 30)
Dim dq3(30, 30)
Dim dq4(30, 30)
Dim dv(30, 30)
Dim intv(30, 30)
Dim intu(30, 30)
Dim v(30, 30)
Dim pb(30, 30)
Dim pb1(30, 30)
'If x47 = 0 And r47 = 0 And x58 = 0 And r58 = 0 And r69 = 0 And x69 = 0 And r710 = 0 And x710 = 0
Then
UserForm3.Show
r12 = Range("b65")
r23 = Range("b66")
r24 = Range("b67")
r25 = Range("b68")
Range("b69") = "not applicable"
x12 = Range("b74")
x23 = Range("b75")
x24 = Range("b76")
x25 = Range("b77")

xmotst = Range("b87")
v1 = Range("b89")
v(2, 1) = Range("b90")
v(3, 1) = Range("b91")
v(4, 1) = Range("b92")
v(5, 1) = Range("b93")
d1 = Range("b99")
d(2, 1) = Range("b100")
d(3, 1) = Range("b101")
d(4, 1) = Range("b102")
d(5, 1) = Range("b103")
p1 = Range("b109")
p2 = Range("b110")
p3 = Range("b111")
p4 = Range("b112")
p5 = Range("b113")
q1 = Range("b119")
q2 = Range("b120")
q3 = Range("b121")
q4 = Range("b122")
q5 = Range("b123")
mvab = Range("b129")
nit = Range("b130")

r36 = 0.01
x36 = 0.05
p6 = 0
q6 = 0
v(6, 1) = 1
z12 = ((r12) ^ 2 + (x12) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z23 = ((r23) ^ 2 + (x23) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z24 = ((r24) ^ 2 + (x24) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z25 = ((r25) ^ 2 + (x25) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z36 = ((r36) ^ 2 + (x36) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
y12 = 1 / z12
y23 = 1 / z23
y24 = 1 / z24
y25 = 1 / z25
y36 = 1 / z36
an12 = Atn(x12 / r12)
an23 = Atn(x23 / r23)
an24 = Atn(x24 / r24)
an25 = Atn(x25 / r25)
an36 = Atn(x36 / r36)
b12 = y12 * Sin(an12)
b23 = y23 * Sin(an23)
b24 = y24 * Sin(an24)
b25 = y25 * Sin(an25)
b36 = y36 * Sin(an36)
yc12 = (mvac12) / mvab
g12 = y12 * Cos(an12)
g23 = y23 * Cos(an23)
g24 = y24 * Cos(an24)
g25 = y25 * Cos(an25)
g36 = y36 * Cos(an36)
gb22 = g12 + g23 + g24 + g25
gb33 = g23 + g36
gb44 = g24
gb55 = g25
gb66 = g36
gb12 = g12
gb21 = g12
gb23 = g23
gb32 = g23
gb24 = g24

gb42 = g24
gb25 = g25
gb52 = g25
gb36 = g36
gb63 = g36
bb11 = b12 + yc12
bb22 = b12 + b23 + yc23 + b24 + yc24 + b25 + yc25
bb33 = b23 + b36
bb55 = b25
bb66 = b36
If xmotst < 0 Then bb44 = b24 + (1 / xmotst)
If xmotst = 0 Then bb44 = b24
bb12 = b12
bb21 = b12
bb23 = b23
bb32 = b23
bb24 = b24
bb42 = b24
bb25 = b25
bb52 = b25
bb36 = b36
bb63 = b36
y110 = bb22 / bb22
y120 = bb23 / bb22
y130 = bb24 / bb22
y140 = bb25 / bb22
y150 = bb26 / bb22
y220 = bb33 (bb32) * (bb23) / (bb22)
y230 = bb34 (bb32) * (bb24) / (bb22)
y240 = bb35 (bb32) * (bb25) / bb22
y250 = bb36 (bb32) * (bb26) / bb22
y320 = bb43 (bb42) * (bb23) / bb22
y330 = bb44 (bb42) * (bb24) / bb22
y340 = bb45 (bb42) * (bb25) / bb22
y350 = bb46 (bb42) * (bb26) / bb22
y420 = bb53 (bb52) * (bb23) / bb22
y430 = bb54 (bb52) * (bb24) / bb22
y440 = bb55 (bb52) * (bb25) / bb22
y450 = bb56 (bb52) * (bb26) / bb22
y520 = bb63 (bb62) * (bb23) / bb22
y530 = bb64 (bb62) * (bb24) / bb22
y540 = bb65 (bb62) * (bb25) / bb22
y550 = bb66 (bb62) * (bb26) / bb22
y221 = y220 / y220

y231 = y230 / y220
y241 = y240 / y220
y251 = y250 / y220
y331 = y330 (y320) * (y230) / y220
y341 = y340 (y320) * (y240) / y220
y351 = y350 (y320) * (y250) / y220
y431 = y430 (y420) * (y230) / y220
y441 = y440 (y420) * (y240) / y220
y451 = y450 (y420) * (y250) / y220
y531 = y530 (y520) * (y230) / y220
y541 = y540 (y520) * (y240) / y220
y551 = y550 (y520) * (y250) / y220
y332 = y331 / y331
y342 = y341 / y331
y352 = y351 / y331
y442 = y441 (y431) * (y341) / y331
y452 = y451 (y431) * (y351) / y331
y542 = y541 (y531) * (y341) / y331
y552 = y551 (y531) * (y351) / y331
y443 = y442 / y442
y453 = y452 / y442
y553 = y552 (y542) * (y452) / y442
For i = 1 To nit
pb1(2, i) = (v(2, i) * v(4, i)) * (y24 * Cos(an24 + d(4, i) d(2, i))) + (v(2, i) * v(5, i)) * (y25 * Cos(
an25 + d(5, i) d(2, i)))
pb(2, i) = ((gb22) * ((v(2, i)) ^ 2)) + ((v(2, i) * v1) * (y12 * Cos(an12 + d1 d(2, i))) + (v(2, i) * v(3,
i)) * (y23 * Cos(an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i))) + pb1(2, i))
pb(3, i) = ((gb33) * ((v(3, i)) ^ 2)) + ((v(3, i) * v(2, i)) * (y23 * Cos(an23 + d(2, i) d(3, i))) + (v(3, i)
* v(6, i)) * (y36 * Cos(an36 + d(6, i) d(3, i))))
pb(4, i) = ((gb44) * ((v(4, i)) ^ 2)) + ((v(4, i) * v(2, i)) * (y24 * Cos(an24 + d(2, i) d(4, i))))
diffp(2, i) = (1 / v(2, i)) * ((p2 / mvab) pb(2, i))
intu(1, i) = diffp(2, i) / bb22
intu(2, i) = (diffp(3, i) (bb32 * intu(1, i))) / y220
intu(3, i) = (diffp(4, i) (bb42 * intu(1, i)) (intu(2, i) * y320)) / y331
intu(4, i) = (diffp(5, i) (bb52 * intu(1, i)) (intu(2, i) * y420) (intu(3, i) * y431)) / y442
intu(5, i) = (diffp(6, i) (intu(1, i)) * (bb62) (y520) * (intu(2, i)) (intu(3, i)) * (y531) (intu(4, i)) *
(y542)) / y553
dd(6, i) = intu(5, i)

dd(5, i) = intu(4, i) (dd(6, i) * y453)
dd(4, i) = intu(3, i) (dd(5, i) * y342) (dd(6, i) * y352)
dd(3, i) = intu(2, i) (dd(4, i) * y231) (y241 * dd(5, i)) (y251 * dd(6, i))
dd(2, i) = intu(1, i) (dd(3, i) * y120) (y130 * dd(4, i)) (y140 * dd(5, i)) (dd(6, i) * y150)
d(2, i + 1) = d(2, i) + dd(2, i)
d(3, i + 1) = d(3, i) + dd(3, i)
d(4, i + 1) = d(4, i) + dd(4, i)
d(5, i + 1) = d(5, i) + dd(5, i)
d(6, i + 1) = d(6, i) + dd(6, i)
dq2(2, i) = ((v(2, i) * v(4, i)) * (y24 * Sin(an24 d(2, i + 1) + d(4, i + 1))))
dq3(2, i) = ((v(3, i) * v(2, i)) * (y23 * Sin(an23 + d(3, i + 1) d(2, i + 1))))
dq4(2, i) = ((v1 * v(2, i)) * (y12 * Sin(an12 + d1 d(2, i + 1))))
dq(2, i) = ((q2 / mvab) + ((bb22) * (v(2, i) ^ 2)) + dq1(2, i) + dq2(2, i) + dq3(2, i) + dq4(2, i)) / v(2, i)
dq(3, i) = ((q3 / mvab) + ((bb33) * (v(3, i) ^ 2)) + ((v(3, i) * v(2, i)) * (y23 * Sin(an23 + d(2, i + 1)
d(3, i + 1)))) + ((v(3, i) * v(6, i)) * (y36 * Sin(an36 + d(3, i + 1) d(3, i + 1))))) / v(3, i)
dq(4, i) = ((q4 / mvab) + ((bb44) * (v(4, i) ^ 2)) + ((v(4, i) * v(2, i)) * (y24 * Sin(an24 d(4, i + 1) +
d(2, i + 1))))) / v(4, i)
d(2, i + 1))))) / v(5, i)
d(3, i + 1))))) / v(6, i)
intv(1, i) = dq(2, i) / bb22
intv(2, i) = (dq(3, i) (bb32 * intv(1, i))) / y220
intv(3, i) = (dq(4, i) (bb42 * intv(1, i)) (intv(2, i) * y320)) / y331
intv(4, i) = (dq(5, i) (bb52 * intv(1, i)) (intv(2, i) * y420) (intv(3, i) * y431)) / y442
intv(5, i) = (dq(6, i) (intv(1, i)) * (bb62) (y520) * (intv(2, i)) (intv(3, i)) * (y531) (intv(4, i)) *
(y542)) / y553
dv(6, i) = intv(5, i)
dv(5, i) = intv(4, i) (dv(6, i) * y453)
dv(4, i) = intv(3, i) (dv(5, i) * y342) (dv(6, i) * y352)
dv(3, i) = intv(2, i) (dv(4, i) * y231) (y241 * dv(5, i)) (y251 * dv(6, i))
dv(2, i) = intv(1, i) (dv(3, i) * y120) (y130 * dv(4, i)) (y140 * dv(5, i)) (dv(6, i) * y150)
v(2, i + 1) = v(2, i) + dv(2, i)
v(3, i + 1) = v(3, i) + dv(3, i)
v(4, i + 1) = v(4, i) + dv(4, i)
v(5, i + 1) = v(5, i) + dv(5, i)
v(6, i + 1) = v(6, i) + dv(6, i)

v(2, i) = v(2, i + 1)
v(3, i) = v(3, i + 1)
v(4, i) = v(4, i + 1)
v(5, i) = v(5, i + 1)
v(6, i) = v(6, i + 1)

d(2, i) = d(2, i + 1)
d(3, i) = d(3, i + 1)
d(4, i) = d(4, i + 1)
d(5, i) = d(5, i + 1)
d(6, i) = d(6, i + 1)
Next i
'Print "voltage at bus 2: "; v(2, i)
'Print "phase angle at bus 2: "; d(2, i); "rad"; "in degrees:"; d(2, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
act2 = (((v1 ^ 2) * (g12)) + ((v1) * (v(2, i)) * (y12) * (Cos(an12 + d(2, i) d1))))
act1 = (((v(2, i) ^ 2) * (g23)) + ((v(2, i)) * (v(3, i)) * (y23) * (Cos(an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i)))))
act4 = (((v(3, i) ^ 2) * (g23)) + ((v(2, i)) * (v(3, i)) * (y23) * (Cos(an23 d(3, i) + d(2, i)))))
act3 = (((v(2, i) ^ 2) * (g12)) + ((v1) * (v(2, i)) * (y12) * (Cos(an12 d(2, i) + d1))))
'Print "active power in p.u.from bus 2 towards 3:"; act1
react1 = ((v(2, i) ^ 2) * (b23 + yc23 + yc24 + yc25) ((v(2, i)) * (v(3, i)) * (y23) * (Sin(an23 + d(3,
i) d(2, i)))))
react2 = ((v1 ^ 2) * (b12 + yc12) ((v1) * (v(2, i)) * (y12) * (Sin(an12 + d(2, i) d1))))
react5 = ((v(4, i) ^ 2) * (b24) ((v(4, i)) * (v(2, i)) * (y24) * (Sin(an24 + d(2, i) d(4, i)))))
i) d(2, i)))))
i) d(2, i)))))

react3 = ((v(2, i) ^ 2) * (b12 + yc23 + yc24 + yc25) ((v(2, i)) * (v1) * (y12) * (Sin(an12 + d1 d(2,
i)))))
'Print "reactive power from bus 2 towards 3:"; react1
For i = nit 1 To nit
'Print diffp(2, i), diffp(3, i), diffp(4, i), diffp(5, i), diffp(6, i), dq(2, i), dq(3, i), dq(4, i), dq(5, i), dq(6, i)
Next i
Range("a132") = "The voltage on bus 2 in pu"
Range("b132") = v(2, i)
Range("b133") = v(3, i)
Range("b134") = v(4, i)
Range("b135") = v(5, i)
Range("a141") = "The phase angle at bus 2 in rad. & degrees"
Range("b141") = d(2, i)
Range("c141") = d(2, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b142") = d(3, i)
Range("c142") = d(3, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b143") = d(4, i)
Range("c143") = d(4, i) * 180 / 3.14159265

Range("b144") = d(5, i)
Range("c144") = d(5, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("c145") = "not applicable"
Range("a150") = "The active power flowing from bus 1 to 2 in pu"
Range("b150") = (((v1 ^ 2) * (g12)) + ((v1) * (v(2, i)) * (y12) * (Cos(an12 + d(2, i) d1))))
Range("b151") = (((v(2, i) ^ 2) * (g12)) + ((v1) * (v(2, i)) * (y12) * (Cos(an12 d(2, i) + d1))))
Range("b152") = (((v(2, i) ^ 2) * (g23)) + ((v(2, i)) * (v(3, i)) * (y23) * (Cos(an23 + d(3, i) d(2,
i)))))
Range("b153") = (((v(3, i) ^ 2) * (g23)) + ((v(2, i)) * (v(3, i)) * (y23) * (Cos(an23 d(3, i) + d(2,
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))

Range("a168") = "The reactive power flowing from bus 1 to 2 in pu"
Range("b168") = ((v1 ^ 2) * (b12 + yc12) ((v1) * (v(2, i)) * (y12) * (Sin(an12 + d(2, i) d1))))
Range("b169") = ((v(2, i) ^ 2) * (b12 + yc23 + yc24 + yc25) ((v(2, i)) * (v1) * (y12) * (Sin(an12 +
d1 d(2, i)))))
Range("b170") = ((v(2, i) ^ 2) * (b23 + yc23 + yc24 + yc25) ((v(2, i)) * (v(3, i)) * (y23) * (Sin(
an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i)))))
Range("b171") = ((v(3, i) ^ 2) * (b23) ((v(3, i)) * (v(2, i)) * (y23) * (Sin(an23 + d(2, i) d(3, i)))))
an24 + d(4, i) d(2, i)))))
an25 + d(5, i) d(2, i)))))

End Sub
Sub MySub132()
'Print "enter zeros for r and x if the circuit ends at a bus number less than 10"
Dim d(30, 30)
Dim dd(30, 30)
Dim diffp(30, 30)
Dim dq(30, 30)
Dim dq1(30, 30)
Dim dq2(30, 30)
Dim dq3(30, 30)
Dim dq4(30, 30)
Dim dv(30, 30)
Dim intv(30, 30)
Dim intu(30, 30)
Dim v(30, 30)
Dim pb(30, 30)
Dim pb1(30, 30)
'If x47 = 0 And r47 = 0 And x58 = 0 And r58 = 0 And r69 = 0 And x69 = 0 And r710 = 0 And x710 = 0
Then
UserForm4.Show
r12 = Range("b65")
r23 = Range("b66")
r24 = Range("b67")
r25 = Range("b68")
r36 = Range("b69")
x12 = Range("b74")
x23 = Range("b75")
x24 = Range("b76")
x25 = Range("b77")
x36 = Range("b78")

v1 = Range("b89")
v(2, 1) = Range("b90")
v(3, 1) = Range("b91")
v(4, 1) = Range("b92")
v(5, 1) = Range("b93")
v(6, 1) = Range("b94")
d1 = Range("b99")
d(2, 1) = Range("b100")
d(3, 1) = Range("b101")
d(4, 1) = Range("b102")
d(5, 1) = Range("b103")
d(6, 1) = Range("b104")
p1 = Range("b109")
p2 = Range("b110")
p3 = Range("b111")
p4 = Range("b112")
p5 = Range("b113")
p6 = Range("b114")
q1 = Range("b119")
q2 = Range("b120")
q3 = Range("b121")
q4 = Range("b122")
q5 = Range("b123")
q6 = Range("b124")

nit = Range("b130")
z12 = ((r12) ^ 2 + (x12) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z23 = ((r23) ^ 2 + (x23) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z24 = ((r24) ^ 2 + (x24) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z25 = ((r25) ^ 2 + (x25) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z36 = ((r36) ^ 2 + (x36) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
y12 = 1 / z12
y23 = 1 / z23
y24 = 1 / z24
y25 = 1 / z25
y36 = 1 / z36
an12 = Atn(x12 / r12)
an23 = Atn(x23 / r23)
an24 = Atn(x24 / r24)
an25 = Atn(x25 / r25)
an36 = Atn(x36 / r36)
b12 = y12 * Sin(an12)
b23 = y23 * Sin(an23)
b24 = y24 * Sin(an24)
b25 = y25 * Sin(an25)
b36 = y36 * Sin(an36)
g12 = y12 * Cos(an12)
g23 = y23 * Cos(an23)
g24 = y24 * Cos(an24)
g25 = y25 * Cos(an25)
g36 = y36 * Cos(an36)
gb22 = g12 + g23 + g24 + g25
gb33 = g23 + g36
gb44 = g24
gb55 = g25
gb66 = g36
gb12 = g12
gb21 = g12
gb23 = g23
gb32 = g23
gb24 = g24
gb42 = g24
gb25 = g25
gb52 = g25

gb36 = g36
gb63 = g36
bb11 = b12 + yc12
bb22 = b12 + b23 + yc23 + b24 + yc24 + b25 + yc25
bb33 = b23 + b36
bb55 = b25
bb66 = b36
If xmotst < 0 Then bb44 = b24 + (1 / xmotst)
If xmotst = 0 Then bb44 = b24
bb12 = b12
bb21 = b12
bb23 = b23
bb32 = b23
bb24 = b24
bb42 = b24
bb25 = b25
bb52 = b25
bb36 = b36
bb63 = b36
y110 = bb22 / bb22
y120 = bb23 / bb22
y130 = bb24 / bb22
y140 = bb25 / bb22
y150 = bb26 / bb22
y220 = bb33 (bb32) * (bb23) / (bb22)
y230 = bb34 (bb32) * (bb24) / (bb22)
y240 = bb35 (bb32) * (bb25) / bb22
y250 = bb36 (bb32) * (bb26) / bb22
y320 = bb43 (bb42) * (bb23) / bb22
y330 = bb44 (bb42) * (bb24) / bb22
y340 = bb45 (bb42) * (bb25) / bb22
y350 = bb46 (bb42) * (bb26) / bb22
y420 = bb53 (bb52) * (bb23) / bb22
y430 = bb54 (bb52) * (bb24) / bb22
y440 = bb55 (bb52) * (bb25) / bb22
y450 = bb56 (bb52) * (bb26) / bb22
y520 = bb63 (bb62) * (bb23) / bb22
y530 = bb64 (bb62) * (bb24) / bb22
y540 = bb65 (bb62) * (bb25) / bb22
y550 = bb66 (bb62) * (bb26) / bb22
y221 = y220 / y220
y231 = y230 / y220
y241 = y240 / y220
y251 = y250 / y220

y331 = y330 (y320) * (y230) / y220
y341 = y340 (y320) * (y240) / y220
y351 = y350 (y320) * (y250) / y220
y431 = y430 (y420) * (y230) / y220
y441 = y440 (y420) * (y240) / y220
y451 = y450 (y420) * (y250) / y220
y531 = y530 (y520) * (y230) / y220
y541 = y540 (y520) * (y240) / y220
y551 = y550 (y520) * (y250) / y220
y332 = y331 / y331
y342 = y341 / y331
y352 = y351 / y331
y442 = y441 (y431) * (y341) / y331
y452 = y451 (y431) * (y351) / y331
y542 = y541 (y531) * (y341) / y331
y552 = y551 (y531) * (y351) / y331
y443 = y442 / y442
y453 = y452 / y442
y553 = y552 (y542) * (y452) / y442
For i = 1 To nit
an25 + d(5, i) d(2, i)))
i)) * (y23 * Cos(an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i))) + pb1(2, i))
* v(6, i)) * (y36 * Cos(an36 + d(6, i) d(3, i))))
intu(2, i) = (diffp(3, i) (bb32 * intu(1, i))) / y220
intu(3, i) = (diffp(4, i) (bb42 * intu(1, i)) (intu(2, i) * y320)) / y331
intu(4, i) = (diffp(5, i) (bb52 * intu(1, i)) (intu(2, i) * y420) (intu(3, i) * y431)) / y442
(y542)) / y553
dd(6, i) = intu(5, i)
dd(5, i) = intu(4, i) (dd(6, i) * y453)
dd(4, i) = intu(3, i) (dd(5, i) * y342) (dd(6, i) * y352)
dd(3, i) = intu(2, i) (dd(4, i) * y231) (y241 * dd(5, i)) (y251 * dd(6, i))

dd(2, i) = intu(1, i) (dd(3, i) * y120) (y130 * dd(4, i)) (y140 * dd(5, i)) (dd(6, i) * y150)
d(2, i + 1) = d(2, i) + dd(2, i)
d(3, i + 1) = d(3, i) + dd(3, i)
d(4, i + 1) = d(4, i) + dd(4, i)
d(5, i + 1) = d(5, i) + dd(5, i)
d(6, i + 1) = d(6, i) + dd(6, i)
d(2, i + 1))))) / v(4, i)
d(2, i + 1))))) / v(5, i)
d(3, i + 1))))) / v(6, i)
intv(1, i) = dq(2, i) / bb22
intv(2, i) = (dq(3, i) (bb32 * intv(1, i))) / y220
intv(3, i) = (dq(4, i) (bb42 * intv(1, i)) (intv(2, i) * y320)) / y331
intv(4, i) = (dq(5, i) (bb52 * intv(1, i)) (intv(2, i) * y420) (intv(3, i) * y431)) / y442
(y542)) / y553
dv(6, i) = intv(5, i)
dv(5, i) = intv(4, i) (dv(6, i) * y453)
dv(4, i) = intv(3, i) (dv(5, i) * y342) (dv(6, i) * y352)
dv(3, i) = intv(2, i) (dv(4, i) * y231) (y241 * dv(5, i)) (y251 * dv(6, i))
dv(2, i) = intv(1, i) (dv(3, i) * y120) (y130 * dv(4, i)) (y140 * dv(5, i)) (dv(6, i) * y150)
v(2, i + 1) = v(2, i) + dv(2, i)
v(3, i + 1) = v(3, i) + dv(3, i)
v(4, i + 1) = v(4, i) + dv(4, i)
v(5, i + 1) = v(5, i) + dv(5, i)
v(6, i + 1) = v(6, i) + dv(6, i)

v(2, i) = v(2, i + 1)
v(3, i) = v(3, i + 1)
v(4, i) = v(4, i + 1)
v(5, i) = v(5, i + 1)
v(6, i) = v(6, i + 1)
d(2, i) = d(2, i + 1)
d(3, i) = d(3, i + 1)

d(4, i) = d(4, i + 1)
d(5, i) = d(5, i + 1)
d(6, i) = d(6, i + 1)
Next i
i) d(2, i)))))
i) d(2, i)))))
i) d(2, i)))))
i)))))

Next i
Range("b132") = v(2, i)
Range("b133") = v(3, i)
Range("b134") = v(4, i)
Range("b135") = v(5, i)
Range("b136") = v(6, i)
Range("b141") = d(2, i)
Range("c141") = d(2, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b142") = d(3, i)
Range("c142") = d(3, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b143") = d(4, i)
Range("c143") = d(4, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b144") = d(5, i)
Range("c144") = d(5, i) * 180 / 3.14159265

Range("b145") = d(6, i)
Range("c145") = d(6, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))

d1 d(2, i)))))
an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i)))))
an24 + d(4, i) d(2, i)))))
an25 + d(5, i) d(2, i)))))

End Sub
Sub Mysub133()
Dim d(30, 30)
Dim dd(30, 30)
Dim diffp(30, 30)
Dim dq(30, 30)
Dim dq1(30, 30)
Dim dq2(30, 30)
Dim dq3(30, 30)
Dim dq4(30, 30)
Dim dv(30, 30)
Dim intv(30, 30)
Dim intu(30, 30)
Dim v(30, 30)
Dim pb(30, 30)
Dim pb1(30, 30)
'If r58 = 0 And x58 = 0 And r69 = 0 And x69 = 0 And r710 = 0 And x710 = 0 Then
UserForm5.Show
r12 = Range("b65")
r23 = Range("b66")
r24 = Range("b67")
r25 = Range("b68")
r36 = Range("b69")
r47 = Range("b70")
x12 = Range("b74")
x23 = Range("b75")
x24 = Range("b76")
x25 = Range("b77")
x36 = Range("b78")
x47 = Range("b79")

xmotst1 = Range("b88")
v1 = Range("b89")
v(2, 1) = Range("b90")
v(3, 1) = Range("b91")
v(4, 1) = Range("b92")
v(5, 1) = Range("b93")
v(6, 1) = Range("b94")
v(7, 1) = Range("b95")
d1 = Range("b99")
d(2, 1) = Range("b100")
d(3, 1) = Range("b101")
d(4, 1) = Range("b102")
d(5, 1) = Range("b103")
d(6, 1) = Range("b104")
d(7, 1) = Range("b105")
p1 = Range("b109")
p2 = Range("b110")
p3 = Range("b111")
p4 = Range("b112")
p5 = Range("b113")
p6 = Range("b114")
p7 = Range("b115")
q1 = Range("b119")
q2 = Range("b120")
q3 = Range("b121")
q4 = Range("b122")
q5 = Range("b123")
q6 = Range("b124")
q7 = Range("b125")
nit = Range("b130")
z12 = ((r12) ^ 2 + (x12) ^ 2) ^ 0.5

z23 = ((r23) ^ 2 + (x23) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z24 = ((r24) ^ 2 + (x24) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z25 = ((r25) ^ 2 + (x25) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z36 = ((r36) ^ 2 + (x36) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z47 = ((r47) ^ 2 + (x47) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
y12 = 1 / z12
y23 = 1 / z23
y24 = 1 / z24
y25 = 1 / z25
y36 = 1 / z36
y47 = 1 / z47
an12 = Atn(x12 / r12)
an23 = Atn(x23 / r23)
an24 = Atn(x24 / r24)
an25 = Atn(x25 / r25)
an36 = Atn(x36 / r36)
an47 = Atn(x47 / r47)
b12 = y12 * Sin(an12)
b23 = y23 * Sin(an23)
b24 = y24 * Sin(an24)
b25 = y25 * Sin(an25)
b36 = y36 * Sin(an36)
b47 = y47 * Sin(an47)
g12 = y12 * Cos(an12)
g23 = y23 * Cos(an23)
g24 = y24 * Cos(an24)
g25 = y25 * Cos(an25)
g36 = y36 * Cos(an36)
g47 = y47 * Cos(an47)
gb22 = g12 + g23 + g24 + g25
gb33 = g23 + g36
gb44 = g24 + g47
gb55 = g25
gb66 = g36
gb77 = g47
gb12 = g12
gb21 = g12
gb23 = g23
gb32 = g23
gb24 = g24

gb42 = g24
gb25 = g25
gb52 = g25
gb36 = g36
gb63 = g36
gb47 = g47
gb47 = g47
bb11 = b12 + yc12
bb22 = b12 + b23 + yc23 + b24 + yc24 + b25 + yc25
bb33 = b23 + b36
bb55 = b25
bb66 = b36
If xmotst < 0 Then bb44 = b24 + b47 + (1 / xmotst)
If xmotst = 0 Then bb44 = b24 + b47
If xmotst1 < 0 Then bb77 = b47 + (1 / xmotst1)
If xmotst1 = 0 Then bb77 = b47
bb12 = b12
bb21 = b12
bb23 = b23
bb32 = b23
bb24 = b24
bb42 = b24
bb25 = b25
bb52 = b25
bb36 = b36
bb63 = b36
bb47 = b47
bb74 = b47
y110 = bb22 / bb22
y120 = bb23 / bb22
y130 = bb24 / bb22
y140 = bb25 / bb22
y150 = bb26 / bb22
y160 = bb27 / bb22
y220 = bb33 (bb32) * (bb23) / (bb22)
y230 = bb34 (bb32) * (bb24) / (bb22)
y240 = bb35 (bb32) * (bb25) / bb22
y250 = bb36 (bb32) * (bb26) / bb22
y260 = bb37 (bb32) * (bb27) / bb22
y320 = bb43 (bb42) * (bb23) / bb22
y330 = bb44 (bb42) * (bb24) / bb22
y340 = bb45 (bb42) * (bb25) / bb22
y350 = bb46 (bb42) * (bb26) / bb22
y360 = bb47 (bb42) * (bb27) / bb22
y420 = bb53 (bb52) * (bb23) / bb22

y430 = bb54 (bb52) * (bb24) / bb22
y440 = bb55 (bb52) * (bb25) / bb22
y450 = bb56 (bb52) * (bb26) / bb22
y460 = bb57 (bb52) * (bb27) / bb22
y520 = bb63 (bb62) * (bb23) / bb22
y530 = bb64 (bb62) * (bb24) / bb22
y540 = bb65 (bb62) * (bb25) / bb22
y550 = bb66 (bb62) * (bb26) / bb22
y560 = bb67 (bb62) * (bb27) / bb22
y620 = bb73 (bb72) * (bb23) / bb22
y630 = bb74 (bb72) * (bb24) / bb22
y640 = bb75 (bb72) * (bb25) / bb22
y650 = bb76 (bb72) * (bb26) / bb22
y660 = bb77 (bb72) * (bb27) / bb22
y221 = y220 / y220
y231 = y230 / y220
y241 = y240 / y220
y251 = y250 / y220
y261 = y260 / y220
y331 = y330 (y320) * (y230) / y220
y341 = y340 (y320) * (y240) / y220
y351 = y350 (y320) * (y250) / y220
y361 = y360 (y320) * (y260) / y220
y431 = y430 (y420) * (y230) / y220
y441 = y440 (y420) * (y240) / y220
y451 = y450 (y420) * (y250) / y220
y461 = y460 (y420) * (y260) / y220
y531 = y530 (y520) * (y230) / y220
y541 = y540 (y520) * (y240) / y220
y551 = y550 (y520) * (y250) / y220
y561 = y560 (y520) * (y260) / y220
y631 = y630 (y620) * (y230) / y220
y641 = y640 (y620) * (y240) / y220
y651 = y650 (y620) * (y250) / y220
y661 = y660 (y620) * (y260) / y220
y332 = y331 / y331
y342 = y341 / y331
y352 = y351 / y331
y362 = y361 / y331
y442 = y441 (y431) * (y341) / y331
y452 = y451 (y431) * (y351) / y331
y462 = y461 (y431) * (y361) / y331
y542 = y541 (y531) * (y341) / y331
y552 = y551 (y531) * (y351) / y331
y562 = y561 (y531) * (y361) / y331
y642 = y641 (y631) * (y341) / y331

y652 = y651 (y631) * (y351) / y331
y662 = y661 (y631) * (y361) / y331
y443 = y442 / y442
y453 = y452 / y442
y463 = y462 / y442
y553 = y552 (y542) * (y452) / y442
y563 = y562 (y542) * (y462) / y442
y653 = y652 (y642) * (y452) / y442
y663 = y662 (y642) * (y462) / y442
y554 = y553 / y553
y564 = y563 / y553
y664 = y663 (y653) * (y563) / y553
For i = 1 To nit
an25 + d(5, i) d(2, i)))
i)) * (y23 * Cos(an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i))) + pb1(2, i))
* v(6, i)) * (y36 * Cos(an36 + d(6, i) d(3, i))))
* v(7, i)) * (y47 * Cos(an47 + d(7, i) d(4, i))))
intu(2, i) = (diffp(3, i) (intu(1, i)) * (bb32)) / y220
intu(3, i) = (diffp(4, i) (intu(1, i)) * (bb42) (y320) * (intu(2, i))) / y331
intu(4, i) = (diffp(5, i) (intu(1, i)) * (bb52) (y420) * (intu(2, i)) (intu(3, i)) * (y431)) / y442
(y542)) / y553
intu(6, i) = (diffp(7, i) (intu(1, i)) * (bb72) (y620) * (intu(2, i)) (y631) * (intu(3, i)) (y642) *
(intu(4, i)) (y653) * (intu(5, i))) / y664
dd(7, i) = intu(6, i)
dd(6, i) = (intu(5, i) ((y564) * (dd(7, i))))
dd(5, i) = (intu(4, i) ((y453) * (dd(6, i))) ((y463) * (dd(7, i))))
dd(4, i) = (intu(3, i) ((y342) * (dd(5, i))) ((y352) * (dd(6, i))) ((y362) * (dd(7, i))))
dd(3, i) = (intu(2, i) ((y231) * (dd(4, i))) ((y241) * (dd(5, i))) ((y251) * (dd(6, i))) ((y261) * (dd(7,
i))))

i))) ((y160) * (dd(7, i))))
d(2, i + 1) = d(2, i) + dd(2, i)
d(3, i + 1) = d(3, i) + dd(3, i)
d(4, i + 1) = d(4, i) + dd(4, i)
d(5, i + 1) = d(5, i) + dd(5, i)
d(6, i + 1) = d(6, i) + dd(6, i)
d(7, i + 1) = d(7, i) + dd(7, i)
d(2, i + 1)))) + ((v(4, i) * v(7, i)) * (y47 * Sin(an47 d(4, i + 1) + d(7, i + 1))))) / v(4, i)
d(2, i + 1))))) / v(5, i)
d(3, i + 1))))) / v(6, i)
d(4, i + 1))))) / v(7, i)
intv(1, i) = dq(2, i) / bb22
intv(2, i) = (dq(3, i) (intv(1, i)) * (bb32)) / y220
intv(3, i) = (dq(4, i) (intv(1, i)) * (bb42) (y320) * (intv(2, i))) / y331
intv(4, i) = (dq(5, i) (intv(1, i)) * (bb52) (y420) * (intv(2, i)) (intv(3, i)) * (y431)) / y442
(y542)) / y553
intv(6, i) = (dq(7, i) (intv(1, i)) * (bb72) (y620) * (intv(2, i)) (y631) * (intv(3, i)) (y642) *
(intv(4, i)) (y653) * (intv(5, i))) / y664
dv(7, i) = intv(6, i)
dv(6, i) = (intv(5, i) ((y564) * (dv(7, i))))
dv(5, i) = (intv(4, i) ((y453) * (dv(6, i))) ((y463) * (dv(7, i))))
dv(4, i) = (intv(3, i) ((y342) * (dv(5, i))) ((y352) * (dv(6, i))) ((y362) * (dv(7, i))))
dv(3, i) = (intv(2, i) ((y231) * (dv(4, i))) ((y241) * (dv(5, i))) ((y251) * (dv(6, i))) ((y261) * (dv(7,
i))))
i))) ((y160) * (dv(7, i))))

v(2, i + 1) = v(2, i) + dv(2, i)
v(3, i + 1) = v(3, i) + dv(3, i)
v(4, i + 1) = v(4, i) + dv(4, i)
v(5, i + 1) = v(5, i) + dv(5, i)

v(6, i + 1) = v(6, i) + dv(6, i)
v(7, i + 1) = v(7, i) + dv(7, i)
v(2, i) = v(2, i + 1)
v(3, i) = v(3, i + 1)
v(4, i) = v(4, i + 1)
v(5, i) = v(5, i + 1)
v(6, i) = v(6, i + 1)
v(7, i) = v(7, i + 1)
d(2, i) = d(2, i + 1)
d(3, i) = d(3, i + 1)
d(4, i) = d(4, i + 1)
d(5, i) = d(5, i + 1)
d(6, i) = d(6, i + 1)
d(7, i) = d(7, i + 1)
Next i
'Print "voltage at bus 2: "; v(2, I)
'Print "phase angle at bus 2: "; d(2, I); "rad"; "in degrees:"; d(2, I) * 180 / 3.14159265

i) d(2, i)))))
i) d(2, i)))))
i) d(2, i)))))
i)))))
Range("b132") = v(2, i)
Range("b133") = v(3, i)
Range("b134") = v(4, i)
Range("b135") = v(5, i)
Range("b136") = v(6, i)
Range("b137") = v(7, i)

Range("b141") = d(2, i)
Range("c141") = d(2, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b142") = d(3, i)
Range("c142") = d(3, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b143") = d(4, i)
Range("c143") = d(4, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b144") = d(5, i)
Range("c144") = d(5, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("a145") = "The phase angle at bus 6 in pu"
Range("b145") = d(6, i)
Range("c145") = d(6, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b146") = d(7, i)
Range("c146") = d(7, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))

i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
d1 d(2, i)))))
an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i)))))
an24 + d(4, i) d(2, i)))))

an25 + d(5, i) d(2, i)))))
Next i
End Sub
Sub Mysub134()
Dim d(30, 30)
Dim dd(30, 30)
Dim diffp(30, 30)
Dim dq(30, 30)
Dim dq1(30, 30)
Dim dq2(30, 30)
Dim dq3(30, 30)
Dim dq4(30, 30)
Dim dv(30, 30)
Dim intv(30, 30)
Dim intu(30, 30)
Dim v(30, 30)
Dim pb(30, 30)
Dim pb1(30, 30)

UserForm6.Show
r12 = Range("b65")
r23 = Range("b66")
r24 = Range("b67")
r25 = Range("b68")
r36 = Range("b69")
r47 = Range("b70")
r58 = Range("b71")
x12 = Range("b74")
x23 = Range("b75")
x24 = Range("b76")
x25 = Range("b77")
x36 = Range("b78")
x47 = Range("b79")
x58 = Range("b80")
v1 = Range("b89")
v(2, 1) = Range("b90")
v(3, 1) = Range("b91")
v(4, 1) = Range("b92")
v(5, 1) = Range("b93")
v(6, 1) = Range("b94")
v(7, 1) = Range("b95")
v(8, 1) = Range("b96")
d1 = Range("b99")
d(2, 1) = Range("b100")
d(3, 1) = Range("b101")
d(4, 1) = Range("b102")
d(5, 1) = Range("b103")
d(6, 1) = Range("b104")
d(7, 1) = Range("b105")
d(8, 1) = Range("b106")
p1 = Range("b109")

p2 = Range("b110")
p3 = Range("b111")
p4 = Range("b112")
p5 = Range("b113")
p6 = Range("b114")
p7 = Range("b115")
p8 = Range("b116")
q1 = Range("b119")
q2 = Range("b120")
q3 = Range("b121")
q4 = Range("b122")
q5 = Range("b123")
q6 = Range("b124")
q7 = Range("b125")
q8 = Range("b126")
nit = Range("b130")
'If r69 = 0 And x69 = 0 And x710 = 0 And r710 = 0 Then
z12 = ((r12) ^ 2 + (x12) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z23 = ((r23) ^ 2 + (x23) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z24 = ((r24) ^ 2 + (x24) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z25 = ((r25) ^ 2 + (x25) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z36 = ((r36) ^ 2 + (x36) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z47 = ((r47) ^ 2 + (x47) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z58 = ((r58) ^ 2 + (x58) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
y12 = 1 / z12
y23 = 1 / z23
y24 = 1 / z24
y25 = 1 / z25
y36 = 1 / z36
y47 = 1 / z47
y58 = 1 / z58
an12 = Atn(x12 / r12)
an23 = Atn(x23 / r23)
an24 = Atn(x24 / r24)
an25 = Atn(x25 / r25)
an36 = Atn(x36 / r36)
an47 = Atn(x47 / r47)
an58 = Atn(x58 / r58)
b12 = y12 * Sin(an12)
b23 = y23 * Sin(an23)

b24 = y24 * Sin(an24)
b25 = y25 * Sin(an25)
b36 = y36 * Sin(an36)
b47 = y47 * Sin(an47)
b58 = y58 * Sin(an58)
g12 = y12 * Cos(an12)
g23 = y23 * Cos(an23)
g24 = y24 * Cos(an24)
g25 = y25 * Cos(an25)
g36 = y36 * Cos(an36)
g47 = y47 * Cos(an47)
g58 = y58 * Cos(an58)
gb22 = g12 + g23 + g24 + g25
gb33 = g23 + g36
gb44 = g24 + g47
gb55 = g25 + g58
gb66 = g36
gb77 = g47
gb88 = g58
gb12 = g12
gb21 = g12
gb23 = g23
gb32 = g23
gb24 = g24
gb42 = g24
gb25 = g25
gb52 = g25
gb36 = g36
gb63 = g36
gb47 = g47
gb47 = g47
gb58 = g58
gb85 = g58
bb11 = b12 + yc12
bb22 = b12 + b23 + yc23 + b24 + yc24 + b25 + yc25
bb33 = b23 + b36
bb55 = b25 + b58
bb66 = b36
bb88 = b58

bb12 = b12
bb21 = b12
bb23 = b23
bb32 = b23
bb24 = b24
bb42 = b24
bb25 = b25
bb52 = b25
bb36 = b36
bb63 = b36
bb47 = b47
bb74 = b47
bb58 = b58
bb85 = b58
y110 = bb22 / bb22
y120 = bb23 / bb22
y130 = bb24 / bb22
y140 = bb25 / bb22
y150 = bb26 / bb22
y160 = bb27 / bb22
y170 = bb28 / bb22
y220 = bb33 (bb32) * (bb23) / (bb22)
y230 = bb34 (bb32) * (bb24) / (bb22)
y240 = bb35 (bb32) * (bb25) / bb22
y250 = bb36 (bb32) * (bb26) / bb22
y260 = bb37 (bb32) * (bb27) / bb22
y270 = bb38 (bb32) * (bb28) / bb22
y320 = bb43 (bb42) * (bb23) / bb22
y330 = bb44 (bb42) * (bb24) / bb22
y340 = bb45 (bb42) * (bb25) / bb22
y350 = bb46 (bb42) * (bb26) / bb22
y360 = bb47 (bb42) * (bb27) / bb22
y370 = bb48 (bb42) * (bb28) / bb22
y420 = bb53 (bb52) * (bb23) / bb22
y430 = bb54 (bb52) * (bb24) / bb22
y440 = bb55 (bb52) * (bb25) / bb22
y450 = bb56 (bb52) * (bb26) / bb22
y460 = bb57 (bb52) * (bb27) / bb22
y470 = bb58 (bb52) * (bb28) / bb22
y520 = bb63 (bb62) * (bb23) / bb22
y530 = bb64 (bb62) * (bb24) / bb22

y540 = bb65 (bb62) * (bb25) / bb22
y550 = bb66 (bb62) * (bb26) / bb22
y560 = bb67 (bb62) * (bb27) / bb22
y570 = bb68 (bb62) * (bb28) / bb22
y620 = bb73 (bb72) * (bb23) / bb22
y630 = bb74 (bb72) * (bb24) / bb22
y640 = bb75 (bb72) * (bb25) / bb22
y650 = bb76 (bb72) * (bb26) / bb22
y660 = bb77 (bb72) * (bb27) / bb22
y670 = bb78 (bb72) * (bb28) / bb22
y720 = bb83 (bb82) * (bb23) / bb22
y730 = bb84 (bb82) * (bb24) / bb22
y740 = bb85 (bb82) * (bb25) / bb22
y750 = bb86 (bb82) * (bb26) / bb22
y760 = bb87 (bb82) * (bb27) / bb22
y770 = bb88 (bb82) * (bb28) / bb22

y221 = y220 / y220
y231 = y230 / y220
y241 = y240 / y220
y251 = y250 / y220
y261 = y260 / y220
y271 = y270 / y220
y331 = y330 (y320) * (y230) / y220
y341 = y340 (y320) * (y240) / y220
y351 = y350 (y320) * (y250) / y220
y361 = y360 (y320) * (y260) / y220
y371 = y370 (y320) * (y270) / y220
y431 = y430 (y420) * (y230) / y220
y441 = y440 (y420) * (y240) / y220
y451 = y450 (y420) * (y250) / y220
y461 = y460 (y420) * (y260) / y220
y471 = y470 (y420) * (y270) / y220
y531 = y530 (y520) * (y230) / y220
y541 = y540 (y520) * (y240) / y220
y551 = y550 (y520) * (y250) / y220
y561 = y560 (y520) * (y260) / y220
y571 = y570 (y520) * (y270) / y220
y631 = y630 (y620) * (y230) / y220
y641 = y640 (y620) * (y240) / y220
y651 = y650 (y620) * (y250) / y220
y661 = y660 (y620) * (y260) / y220
y671 = y670 (y620) * (y270) / y220

y731 = y730 (y720) * (y230) / y220
y741 = y740 (y720) * (y240) / y220
y751 = y750 (y720) * (y250) / y220
y761 = y760 (y720) * (y260) / y220
y771 = y770 (y720) * (y270) / y220
y332 = y331 / y331
y342 = y341 / y331
y352 = y351 / y331
y362 = y361 / y331
y372 = y371 / y331
y442 = y441 (y431) * (y341) / y331
y452 = y451 (y431) * (y351) / y331
y462 = y461 (y431) * (y361) / y331
y472 = y471 (y431) * (y371) / y331
y542 = y541 (y531) * (y341) / y331
y552 = y551 (y531) * (y351) / y331
y562 = y561 (y531) * (y361) / y331
y572 = y571 (y531) * (y371) / y331
y642 = y641 (y631) * (y341) / y331
y652 = y651 (y631) * (y351) / y331
y662 = y661 (y631) * (y361) / y331
y672 = y671 (y631) * (y371) / y331
y742 = y741 (y731) * (y341) / y331
y752 = y751 (y731) * (y351) / y331
y762 = y761 (y731) * (y361) / y331
y772 = y771 (y731) * (y371) / y331
y443 = y442 / y442
y453 = y452 / y442
y463 = y462 / y442
y473 = y472 / y442
y553 = y552 (y542) * (y452) / y442
y563 = y562 (y542) * (y462) / y442
y573 = y572 (y542) * (y472) / y442
y653 = y652 (y642) * (y452) / y442
y663 = y662 (y642) * (y462) / y442
y673 = y672 (y642) * (y472) / y442
y753 = y752 (y742) * (y452) / y442
y763 = y762 (y742) * (y462) / y442
y773 = y772 (y742) * (y472) / y442
y554 = y553 / y553
y564 = y563 / y553
y574 = y573 / y553

y664 = y663 (y653) * (y563) / y553
y674 = y673 (y653) * (y573) / y553
y764 = y763 (y753) * (y563) / y553
y774 = y773 (y753) * (y573) / y553
y665 = y664 / y664
y675 = y674 / y664
y775 = y774 (y764) * (y674) / y664

For i = 1 To nit
an25 + d(5, i) d(2, i)))
i)) * (y23 * Cos(an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i))) + pb1(2, i))
* v(6, i)) * (y36 * Cos(an36 + d(6, i) d(3, i))))
* v(7, i)) * (y47 * Cos(an47 + d(7, i) d(4, i))))
* v(8, i)) * (y58 * Cos(an58 + d(8, i) d(5, i))))
(y542)) / y553
(intu(4, i)) (y653) * (intu(5, i))) / y664
(intu(4, i)) (y753) * (intu(5, i)) (y764) * (intu(6, i))) / y775
dd(8, i) = intu(7, i)
dd(7, i) = (intu(6, i) ((y675) * (dd(8, i))))

i))))
i))) ((y271) * (dd(8, i))))
i))) ((y160) * (dd(7, i))) ((y170) * (dd(8, i))))
d(2, i + 1) = d(2, i) + dd(2, i)
d(3, i + 1) = d(3, i) + dd(3, i)
d(4, i + 1) = d(4, i) + dd(4, i)
d(5, i + 1) = d(5, i) + dd(5, i)
d(6, i + 1) = d(6, i) + dd(6, i)
d(7, i + 1) = d(7, i) + dd(7, i)
d(8, i + 1) = d(8, i) + dd(8, i)
d(3, i + 1))))) / v(6, i)
d(4, i + 1))))) / v(7, i)
d(5, i + 1))))) / v(8, i)
intv(1, i) = dq(2, i) / bb22
(y542)) / y553
(intv(4, i)) (y653) * (intv(5, i))) / y664
(intv(4, i)) (y753) * (intv(5, i)) (y764) * (intv(6, i))) / y775
dv(8, i) = intv(7, i)
dv(7, i) = (intv(6, i) ((y675) * (dv(8, i))))

i))))
i))) ((y271) * (dv(8, i))))
i))) ((y160) * (dv(7, i))) ((y170) * (dv(8, i))))

v(2, i + 1) = v(2, i) + dv(2, i)
v(3, i + 1) = v(3, i) + dv(3, i)
v(4, i + 1) = v(4, i) + dv(4, i)
v(5, i + 1) = v(5, i) + dv(5, i)
v(6, i + 1) = v(6, i) + dv(6, i)
v(7, i + 1) = v(7, i) + dv(7, i)
v(8, i + 1) = v(8, i) + dv(8, i)
v(2, i) = v(2, i + 1)
v(3, i) = v(3, i + 1)
v(4, i) = v(4, i + 1)
v(5, i) = v(5, i + 1)
v(6, i) = v(6, i + 1)
v(7, i) = v(7, i + 1)
v(8, i) = v(8, i + 1)
d(2, i) = d(2, i + 1)
d(3, i) = d(3, i + 1)
d(4, i) = d(4, i + 1)
d(5, i) = d(5, i + 1)
d(6, i) = d(6, i + 1)
d(7, i) = d(7, i + 1)
d(8, i) = d(8, i + 1)
Next i

i) d(2, i)))))
i) d(2, i)))))
i) d(2, i)))))
i)))))

Range("b132") = v(2, i)
Range("b133") = v(3, i)
Range("b134") = v(4, i)
Range("b135") = v(5, i)
Range("b136") = v(6, i)
Range("b137") = v(7, i)
Range("b138") = v(8, i)
Range("b141") = d(2, i)
Range("c141") = d(2, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b142") = d(3, i)
Range("c142") = d(3, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b143") = d(4, i)
Range("c143") = d(4, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b144") = d(5, i)
Range("c144") = d(5, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b145") = d(6, i)
Range("c145") = d(6, i) * 180 / 3.14159265

Range("b146") = d(7, i)
Range("c146") = d(7, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b147") = d(8, i)
Range("c147") = d(8, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))

i)))))
i)))))
d1 d(2, i)))))
an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i)))))
an24 + d(4, i) d(2, i)))))
an25 + d(5, i) d(2, i)))))

Next i
End Sub
Sub MySub135()
Dim d(30, 30)
Dim dd(30, 30)
Dim diffp(30, 30)
Dim dq(30, 30)
Dim dq1(30, 30)
Dim dq2(30, 30)
Dim dq3(30, 30)
Dim dq4(30, 30)
Dim dv(30, 30)
Dim intv(30, 30)
Dim intu(30, 30)
Dim v(30, 30)
Dim pb(30, 30)
Dim pb1(30, 30)
UserForm7.Show
r12 = Range("b65")
r23 = Range("b66")
r24 = Range("b67")
r25 = Range("b68")
r36 = Range("b69")
r47 = Range("b70")
r58 = Range("b71")
r69 = Range("b72")
x12 = Range("b74")
x23 = Range("b75")
x24 = Range("b76")
x25 = Range("b77")
x36 = Range("b78")
x47 = Range("b79")
x58 = Range("b80")
x69 = Range("b81")

v1 = Range("b89")
v(2, 1) = Range("b90")
v(3, 1) = Range("b91")
v(4, 1) = Range("b92")
v(5, 1) = Range("b93")
v(6, 1) = Range("b94")
v(7, 1) = Range("b95")
v(8, 1) = Range("b96")
v(9, 1) = Range("b97")
d1 = Range("b99")
d(2, 1) = Range("b100")
d(3, 1) = Range("b101")
d(4, 1) = Range("b102")
d(5, 1) = Range("b103")
d(6, 1) = Range("b104")
d(7, 1) = Range("b105")
d(8, 1) = Range("b106")
d(9, 1) = Range("b107")
p1 = Range("b109")
p2 = Range("b110")
p3 = Range("b111")
p4 = Range("b112")
p5 = Range("b113")
p6 = Range("b114")
p7 = Range("b115")
p8 = Range("b116")
p9 = Range("b117")
q1 = Range("b119")
q2 = Range("b120")
q3 = Range("b121")
q4 = Range("b122")
q5 = Range("b123")
q6 = Range("b124")
q7 = Range("b125")
q8 = Range("b126")
q9 = Range("b127")

nit = Range("b130")
'If x710 = 0 And r710 = 0 Then
z12 = ((r12) ^ 2 + (x12) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z23 = ((r23) ^ 2 + (x23) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z24 = ((r24) ^ 2 + (x24) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z25 = ((r25) ^ 2 + (x25) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z36 = ((r36) ^ 2 + (x36) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z47 = ((r47) ^ 2 + (x47) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z58 = ((r58) ^ 2 + (x58) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z69 = ((r69) ^ 2 + (x69) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
y12 = 1 / z12
y23 = 1 / z23
y24 = 1 / z24
y25 = 1 / z25
y36 = 1 / z36
y47 = 1 / z47
y58 = 1 / z58
y69 = 1 / z69
an12 = Atn(x12 / r12)
an23 = Atn(x23 / r23)
an24 = Atn(x24 / r24)
an25 = Atn(x25 / r25)
an36 = Atn(x36 / r36)
an47 = Atn(x47 / r47)
an58 = Atn(x58 / r58)
an69 = Atn(x69 / r69)
b12 = y12 * Sin(an12)
b23 = y23 * Sin(an23)
b24 = y24 * Sin(an24)
b25 = y25 * Sin(an25)
b36 = y36 * Sin(an36)
b47 = y47 * Sin(an47)
b58 = y58 * Sin(an58)
b69 = y69 * Sin(an69)
g12 = y12 * Cos(an12)
g23 = y23 * Cos(an23)
g24 = y24 * Cos(an24)
g25 = y25 * Cos(an25)
g36 = y36 * Cos(an36)

g47 = y47 * Cos(an47)
g58 = y58 * Cos(an58)
g69 = y69 * Cos(an69)
gb22 = g12 + g23 + g24 + g25
gb33 = g23 + g36
gb44 = g24 + g47
gb55 = g25 + g58
gb66 = g36 + g69
gb77 = g47
gb88 = g58
gb99 = g69
gb12 = g12
gb21 = g12
gb23 = g23
gb32 = g23
gb24 = g24
gb42 = g24
gb25 = g25
gb52 = g25
gb36 = g36
gb63 = g36
gb47 = g47
gb47 = g47
gb58 = g58
gb85 = g58
gb69 = g69
gb96 = g69
bb11 = b12 + yc12
bb22 = b12 + b23 + yc23 + b24 + yc24 + b25 + yc25
bb33 = b23 + b36
bb55 = b25 + b58
bb66 = b36 + b69
bb88 = b58
bb99 = b69
bb12 = b12
bb21 = b12
bb23 = b23
bb32 = b23
bb24 = b24
bb42 = b24
bb25 = b25

bb52 = b25
bb36 = b36
bb63 = b36
bb47 = b47
bb74 = b47
bb58 = b58
bb85 = b58
bb69 = b69
bb96 = b69
For i = 1 To nit
an25 + d(5, i) d(2, i)))
i)) * (y23 * Cos(an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i))) + pb1(2, i))
* v(6, i)) * (y36 * Cos(an36 + d(6, i) d(3, i))))
* v(7, i)) * (y47 * Cos(an47 + d(7, i) d(4, i))))
* v(8, i)) * (y58 * Cos(an58 + d(8, i) d(5, i))))
* v(9, i)) * (y69 * Cos(an69 + d(9, i) d(6, i))))
y110 = bb22 / bb22
y120 = bb23 / bb22
y130 = bb24 / bb22
y140 = bb25 / bb22
y150 = bb26 / bb22
y160 = bb27 / bb22
y170 = bb28 / bb22
y180 = bb29 / bb22
y220 = bb33 (bb32) * (bb23) / (bb22)
y230 = bb34 (bb32) * (bb24) / (bb22)
y240 = bb35 (bb32) * (bb25) / bb22
y250 = bb36 (bb32) * (bb26) / bb22

y260 = bb37 (bb32) * (bb27) / bb22
y270 = bb38 (bb32) * (bb28) / bb22
y280 = bb39 (bb32) * (bb29) / bb22
y320 = bb43 (bb42) * (bb23) / bb22
y330 = bb44 (bb42) * (bb24) / bb22
y340 = bb45 (bb42) * (bb25) / bb22
y350 = bb46 (bb42) * (bb26) / bb22
y360 = bb47 (bb42) * (bb27) / bb22
y370 = bb48 (bb42) * (bb28) / bb22
y380 = bb49 (bb42) * (bb29) / bb22
y420 = bb53 (bb52) * (bb23) / bb22
y430 = bb54 (bb52) * (bb24) / bb22
y440 = bb55 (bb52) * (bb25) / bb22
y450 = bb56 (bb52) * (bb26) / bb22
y460 = bb57 (bb52) * (bb27) / bb22
y470 = bb58 (bb52) * (bb28) / bb22
y480 = bb59 (bb52) * (bb29) / bb22
y520 = bb63 (bb62) * (bb23) / bb22
y530 = bb64 (bb62) * (bb24) / bb22
y540 = bb65 (bb62) * (bb25) / bb22
y550 = bb66 (bb62) * (bb26) / bb22
y560 = bb67 (bb62) * (bb27) / bb22
y570 = bb68 (bb62) * (bb28) / bb22
y580 = bb69 (bb62) * (bb29) / bb22
y620 = bb73 (bb72) * (bb23) / bb22
y630 = bb74 (bb72) * (bb24) / bb22
y640 = bb75 (bb72) * (bb25) / bb22
y650 = bb76 (bb72) * (bb26) / bb22
y660 = bb77 (bb72) * (bb27) / bb22
y670 = bb78 (bb72) * (bb28) / bb22
y680 = bb79 (bb72) * (bb29) / bb22
y720 = bb83 (bb82) * (bb23) / bb22
y730 = bb84 (bb82) * (bb24) / bb22
y740 = bb85 (bb82) * (bb25) / bb22
y750 = bb86 (bb82) * (bb26) / bb22
y760 = bb87 (bb82) * (bb27) / bb22
y770 = bb88 (bb82) * (bb28) / bb22
y780 = bb89 (bb82) * (bb29) / bb22
y820 = bb93 (bb92) * (bb23) / bb22
y830 = bb94 (bb92) * (bb24) / bb22
y840 = bb95 (bb92) * (bb25) / bb22
y850 = bb96 (bb92) * (bb26) / bb22
y860 = bb97 (bb92) * (bb27) / bb22
y870 = bb98 (bb92) * (bb28) / bb22

y880 = bb99 (bb92) * (bb29) / bb22
y221 = y220 / y220
y231 = y230 / y220
y241 = y240 / y220
y251 = y250 / y220
y261 = y260 / y220
y271 = y270 / y220
y281 = y280 / y220
y331 = y330 (y320) * (y230) / y220
y341 = y340 (y320) * (y240) / y220
y351 = y350 (y320) * (y250) / y220
y361 = y360 (y320) * (y260) / y220
y371 = y370 (y320) * (y270) / y220
y381 = y380 (y320) * (y280) / y220
y431 = y430 (y420) * (y230) / y220
y441 = y440 (y420) * (y240) / y220
y451 = y450 (y420) * (y250) / y220
y461 = y460 (y420) * (y260) / y220
y471 = y470 (y420) * (y270) / y220
y481 = y480 (y420) * (y280) / y220
y531 = y530 (y520) * (y230) / y220
y541 = y540 (y520) * (y240) / y220
y551 = y550 (y520) * (y250) / y220
y561 = y560 (y520) * (y260) / y220
y571 = y570 (y520) * (y270) / y220
y581 = y580 (y520) * (y280) / y220
y631 = y630 (y620) * (y230) / y220
y641 = y640 (y620) * (y240) / y220
y651 = y650 (y620) * (y250) / y220
y661 = y660 (y620) * (y260) / y220
y671 = y670 (y620) * (y270) / y220
y681 = y680 (y620) * (y280) / y220
y731 = y730 (y720) * (y230) / y220
y741 = y740 (y720) * (y240) / y220
y751 = y750 (y720) * (y250) / y220
y761 = y760 (y720) * (y260) / y220
y771 = y770 (y720) * (y270) / y220
y781 = y780 (y720) * (y280) / y220
y831 = y830 (y820) * (y230) / y220
y841 = y840 (y820) * (y240) / y220
y851 = y850 (y820) * (y250) / y220
y861 = y860 (y820) * (y260) / y220
y871 = y870 (y820) * (y270) / y220
y881 = y880 (y820) * (y280) / y220

y332 = y331 / y331
y342 = y341 / y331
y352 = y351 / y331
y362 = y361 / y331
y372 = y371 / y331
y382 = y381 / y331
y442 = y441 (y431) * (y341) / y331
y452 = y451 (y431) * (y351) / y331
y462 = y461 (y431) * (y361) / y331
y472 = y471 (y431) * (y371) / y331
y482 = y481 (y431) * (y381) / y331
y542 = y541 (y531) * (y341) / y331
y552 = y551 (y531) * (y351) / y331
y562 = y561 (y531) * (y361) / y331
y572 = y571 (y531) * (y371) / y331
y582 = y581 (y531) * (y381) / y331
y642 = y641 (y631) * (y341) / y331
y652 = y651 (y631) * (y351) / y331
y662 = y661 (y631) * (y361) / y331
y672 = y671 (y631) * (y371) / y331
y682 = y681 (y631) * (y381) / y331
y742 = y741 (y731) * (y341) / y331
y752 = y751 (y731) * (y351) / y331
y762 = y761 (y731) * (y361) / y331
y772 = y771 (y731) * (y371) / y331
y782 = y781 (y731) * (y381) / y331
y842 = y841 (y831) * (y341) / y331
y852 = y851 (y831) * (y351) / y331
y862 = y861 (y831) * (y361) / y331
y872 = y871 (y831) * (y371) / y331
y882 = y881 (y831) * (y381) / y331
y443 = y442 / y442
y453 = y452 / y442
y463 = y462 / y442
y473 = y472 / y442
y483 = y482 / y442
y553 = y552 (y542) * (y452) / y442
y563 = y562 (y542) * (y462) / y442
y573 = y572 (y542) * (y472) / y442
y583 = y582 (y542) * (y482) / y442
y653 = y652 (y642) * (y452) / y442
y663 = y662 (y642) * (y462) / y442
y673 = y672 (y642) * (y472) / y442
y683 = y682 (y642) * (y482) / y442

y753 = y752 (y742) * (y452) / y442
y763 = y762 (y742) * (y462) / y442
y773 = y772 (y742) * (y472) / y442
y783 = y782 (y742) * (y482) / y442
y853 = y852 (y842) * (y452) / y442
y863 = y862 (y842) * (y462) / y442
y873 = y872 (y842) * (y472) / y442
y883 = y882 (y842) * (y482) / y442
y554 = y553 / y553
y564 = y563 / y553
y574 = y573 / y553
y584 = y583 / y553
y664 = y663 (y653) * (y563) / y553
y674 = y673 (y653) * (y573) / y553
y684 = y683 (y653) * (y583) / y553
y764 = y763 (y753) * (y563) / y553
y774 = y773 (y753) * (y573) / y553
y784 = y783 (y753) * (y583) / y553
y864 = y863 (y853) * (y563) / y553
y874 = y873 (y853) * (y573) / y553
y884 = y883 (y853) * (y583) / y553

y665 = y664 / y664
y675 = y674 / y664
y685 = y684 / y664
y775 = y774 (y764) * (y674) / y664
y785 = y784 (y764) * (y684) / y664
y875 = y874 (y864) * (y674) / y664
y885 = y884 (y864) * (y684) / y664
y776 = y775 / y775
y786 = y785 / y775
y886 = y885 (y875) * (y785) / y775
(y542)) / y553
(intu(4, i)) (y653) * (intu(5, i))) / y664
(intu(4, i)) (y853) * (intu(5, i)) (y864) * (intu(6, i)) (y875) * (intu(7, i))) / y886

dd(9, i) = intu(8, i)
dd(8, i) = (intu(7, i) ((y786) * (dd(9, i))))
i))))
i))) ((y382) * (dd(9, i))))
i))) ((y271) * (dd(8, i))) ((y281) * (dd(9, i))))
i))) ((y160) * (dd(7, i))) ((y170) * (dd(8, i))) ((y180) * (dd(9, i))))
d(2, i + 1) = d(2, i) + dd(2, i)
d(3, i + 1) = d(3, i) + dd(3, i)
d(4, i + 1) = d(4, i) + dd(4, i)
d(5, i + 1) = d(5, i) + dd(5, i)
d(6, i + 1) = d(6, i) + dd(6, i)
d(7, i + 1) = d(7, i) + dd(7, i)
d(8, i + 1) = d(8, i) + dd(8, i)
d(9, i + 1) = d(9, i) + dd(9, i)
d(4, i + 1))))) / v(7, i)
d(5, i + 1))))) / v(8, i)
d(6, i + 1))))) / v(9, i)
intv(1, i) = dq(2, i) / bb22
(y542)) / y553

(intv(4, i)) (y653) * (intv(5, i))) / y664
(intv(4, i)) (y853) * (intv(5, i)) (y864) * (intv(6, i)) (y875) * (intv(7, i))) / y886
dv(9, i) = intv(8, i)
dv(8, i) = (intv(7, i) ((y786) * (dv(9, i))))
i))))
i))) ((y382) * (dv(9, i))))
i))) ((y271) * (dv(8, i))) ((y281) * (dv(9, i))))
i))) ((y160) * (dv(7, i))) ((y170) * (dv(8, i))) ((y180) * (dv(9, i))))
v(2, i + 1) = v(2, i) + dv(2, i)
v(3, i + 1) = v(3, i) + dv(3, i)
v(4, i + 1) = v(4, i) + dv(4, i)
v(5, i + 1) = v(5, i) + dv(5, i)
v(6, i + 1) = v(6, i) + dv(6, i)
v(7, i + 1) = v(7, i) + dv(7, i)
v(8, i + 1) = v(8, i) + dv(8, i)
v(9, i + 1) = v(9, i) + dv(9, i)
v(2, i) = v(2, i + 1)
v(3, i) = v(3, i + 1)
v(4, i) = v(4, i + 1)
v(5, i) = v(5, i + 1)
v(6, i) = v(6, i + 1)
v(7, i) = v(7, i + 1)
v(8, i) = v(8, i + 1)
v(9, i) = v(9, i + 1)
d(2, i) = d(2, i + 1)
d(3, i) = d(3, i + 1)
d(4, i) = d(4, i + 1)
d(5, i) = d(5, i + 1)
d(6, i) = d(6, i + 1)
d(7, i) = d(7, i + 1)
d(8, i) = d(8, i + 1)
d(9, i) = d(9, i + 1)
Next i

i) d(2, i)))))
i) d(2, i)))))
i) d(2, i)))))
i)))))
Range("b132") = v(2, i)
Range("b133") = v(3, i)
Range("b134") = v(4, i)
Range("b135") = v(5, i)

Range("b136") = v(6, i)
Range("b137") = v(7, i)
Range("b138") = v(8, i)
Range("b139") = v(9, i)
Range("b141") = d(2, i)
Range("c141") = d(2, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b142") = d(3, i)
Range("c142") = d(3, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b143") = d(4, i)
Range("c143") = d(4, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b144") = d(5, i)
Range("c144") = d(5, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b145") = d(6, i)
Range("c145") = d(6, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b146") = d(7, i)
Range("c146") = d(7, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b147") = d(8, i)
Range("c147") = d(8, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b148") = d(9, i)
Range("c148") = d(9, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
i)))))
i)))))

i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
d1 d(2, i)))))

an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i)))))
an24 + d(4, i) d(2, i)))))
an25 + d(5, i) d(2, i)))))
Next i
End Sub
Sub MySub136()
Dim d(30, 30)
Dim dd(30, 30)
Dim diffp(30, 30)
Dim dq(30, 30)
Dim dq1(30, 30)
Dim dq2(30, 30)
Dim dq3(30, 30)

Dim dq4(30, 30)
Dim dv(30, 30)
Dim intv(30, 30)
Dim intu(30, 30)
Dim in1(30, 30)
Dim intv1(30, 30)
Dim v(30, 30)
Dim pb(30, 30)
Dim pb1(30, 30)
UserForm8.Show
r12 = Range("b65")
r23 = Range("b66")
r24 = Range("b67")
r25 = Range("b68")
r36 = Range("b69")
r47 = Range("b70")
r58 = Range("b71")
r69 = Range("b72")
r710 = Range("b73")
x12 = Range("b74")
x23 = Range("b75")
x24 = Range("b76")
x25 = Range("b77")
x36 = Range("b78")
x47 = Range("b79")
x58 = Range("b80")
x69 = Range("b81")
x710 = Range("b82")
v1 = Range("b89")
v(2, 1) = Range("b90")
v(3, 1) = Range("b91")
v(4, 1) = Range("b92")
v(5, 1) = Range("b93")
v(6, 1) = Range("b94")
v(7, 1) = Range("b95")
v(8, 1) = Range("b96")
v(9, 1) = Range("b97")
v(10, 1) = Range("b98")
d1 = Range("b99")
d(2, 1) = Range("b100")

d(3, 1) = Range("b101")
d(4, 1) = Range("b102")
d(5, 1) = Range("b103")
d(6, 1) = Range("b104")
d(7, 1) = Range("b105")
d(8, 1) = Range("b106")
d(9, 1) = Range("b107")
d(10, 1) = Range("b108")
p1 = Range("b109")
p2 = Range("b110")
p3 = Range("b111")
p4 = Range("b112")
p5 = Range("b113")
p6 = Range("b114")
p7 = Range("b115")
p8 = Range("b116")
p9 = Range("b117")
p10 = Range("b118")
q1 = Range("b119")
q2 = Range("b120")
q3 = Range("b121")
q4 = Range("b122")
q5 = Range("b123")
q6 = Range("b124")
q7 = Range("b125")
q8 = Range("b126")
q9 = Range("b127")
q10 = Range("b128")
nit = Range("b130")
'If x710 > 0 And r710 > 0 Then
z12 = ((r12) ^ 2 + (x12) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z23 = ((r23) ^ 2 + (x23) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z24 = ((r24) ^ 2 + (x24) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z25 = ((r25) ^ 2 + (x25) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z36 = ((r36) ^ 2 + (x36) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z47 = ((r47) ^ 2 + (x47) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z58 = ((r58) ^ 2 + (x58) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z69 = ((r69) ^ 2 + (x69) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z710 = ((r710) ^ 2 + (x710) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
y12 = 1 / z12
y23 = 1 / z23
y24 = 1 / z24
y25 = 1 / z25
y36 = 1 / z36
y47 = 1 / z47

y58 = 1 / z58
y69 = 1 / z69
y710 = 1 / z710
an12 = Atn(x12 / r12)
an23 = Atn(x23 / r23)
an24 = Atn(x24 / r24)
an25 = Atn(x25 / r25)
an36 = Atn(x36 / r36)
an47 = Atn(x47 / r47)
an58 = Atn(x58 / r58)
an69 = Atn(x69 / r69)
an710 = Atn(x710 / r710)
b12 = y12 * Sin(an12)
b23 = y23 * Sin(an23)
b24 = y24 * Sin(an24)
b25 = y25 * Sin(an25)
b36 = y36 * Sin(an36)
b47 = y47 * Sin(an47)
b58 = y58 * Sin(an58)
b69 = y69 * Sin(an69)
b710 = y710 * Sin(an710)
g12 = y12 * Cos(an12)
g23 = y23 * Cos(an23)
g24 = y24 * Cos(an24)
g25 = y25 * Cos(an25)
g36 = y36 * Cos(an36)
g47 = y47 * Cos(an47)
g58 = y58 * Cos(an58)
g69 = y69 * Cos(an69)
g710 = y710 * Cos(an710)
gb22 = g12 + g23 + g24 + g25
gb33 = g23 + g36
gb44 = g24 + g47
gb55 = g25 + g58
gb66 = g36 + g69
gb77 = g47 + g710
gb88 = g58
gb99 = g69
gb1010 = g710
gb12 = g12

gb21 = g12
gb23 = g23
gb32 = g23
gb24 = g24
gb42 = g24
gb25 = g25
gb52 = g25
gb36 = g36
gb63 = g36
gb47 = g47
gb74 = g47
gb58 = g58
gb85 = g58
gb69 = g69
gb96 = g69
gb710 = g710
gb107 = g710
bb11 = b12 + yc12
bb22 = b12 + b23 + yc23 + b24 + yc24 + b25 + yc25
bb33 = b23 + b36
bb55 = b25 + b58
bb66 = b36 + b69
bb88 = b58
bb99 = b69
bb1010 = b710
If xmotst1 < 0 Then bb77 = b47 + b710 + (1 / xmotst1)
If xmotst1 = 0 Then bb77 = b47 + b710
bb12 = b12
bb21 = b12
bb23 = b23
bb32 = b23
bb24 = b24
bb42 = b24
bb25 = b25
bb52 = b25
bb36 = b36
bb63 = b36
bb47 = b47
bb74 = b47
bb58 = b58
bb85 = b58
bb69 = b69
bb96 = b69
bb710 = b710

bb107 = b710
For i = 1 To nit
an25 + d(5, i) d(2, i)))
i)) * (y23 * Cos(an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i))) + pb1(2, i))
* v(6, i)) * (y36 * Cos(an36 + d(6, i) d(3, i))))
* v(7, i)) * (y47 * Cos(an47 + d(7, i) d(4, i))))
* v(8, i)) * (y58 * Cos(an58 + d(8, i) d(5, i))))
* v(9, i)) * (y69 * Cos(an69 + d(9, i) d(6, i))))
* v(10, i)) * (y710 * Cos(an710 + d(10, i) d(7, i))))
pb(10, i) = ((gb1010) * ((v(10, i)) ^ 2)) + ((v(10, i) * v(7, i)) * (y710 * Cos(an710 + d(7, i) d(10,
i))))
y110 = bb22 / bb22
y120 = bb23 / bb22
y130 = bb24 / bb22
y140 = bb25 / bb22
y150 = bb26 / bb22
y160 = bb27 / bb22
y170 = bb28 / bb22
y180 = bb29 / bb22
y190 = bb210 / bb22
y220 = bb33 (bb32) * (bb23) / (bb22)
y230 = bb34 (bb32) * (bb24) / (bb22)
y240 = bb35 (bb32) * (bb25) / bb22
y250 = bb36 (bb32) * (bb26) / bb22
y260 = bb37 (bb32) * (bb27) / bb22
y270 = bb38 (bb32) * (bb28) / bb22

y280 = bb39 (bb32) * (bb29) / bb22
y290 = bb310 (bb32) * (bb210) / bb22
y320 = bb43 (bb42) * (bb23) / bb22
y330 = bb44 (bb42) * (bb24) / bb22
y340 = bb45 (bb42) * (bb25) / bb22
y350 = bb46 (bb42) * (bb26) / bb22
y360 = bb47 (bb42) * (bb27) / bb22
y370 = bb48 (bb42) * (bb28) / bb22
y380 = bb49 (bb42) * (bb29) / bb22
y390 = bb410 (bb42) * (bb210) / bb22
y420 = bb53 (bb52) * (bb23) / bb22
y430 = bb54 (bb52) * (bb24) / bb22
y440 = bb55 (bb52) * (bb25) / bb22
y450 = bb56 (bb52) * (bb26) / bb22
y460 = bb57 (bb52) * (bb27) / bb22
y470 = bb58 (bb52) * (bb28) / bb22
y480 = bb59 (bb52) * (bb29) / bb22
y490 = bb510 (bb52) * (bb210) / bb22
y520 = bb63 (bb62) * (bb23) / bb22
y530 = bb64 (bb62) * (bb24) / bb22
y540 = bb65 (bb62) * (bb25) / bb22
y550 = bb66 (bb62) * (bb26) / bb22
y560 = bb67 (bb62) * (bb27) / bb22
y570 = bb68 (bb62) * (bb28) / bb22
y580 = bb69 (bb62) * (bb29) / bb22
y590 = bb610 (bb62) * (bb210) / bb22
y620 = bb73 (bb72) * (bb23) / bb22
y630 = bb74 (bb72) * (bb24) / bb22
y640 = bb75 (bb72) * (bb25) / bb22
y650 = bb76 (bb72) * (bb26) / bb22
y660 = bb77 (bb72) * (bb27) / bb22
y670 = bb78 (bb72) * (bb28) / bb22
y680 = bb79 (bb72) * (bb29) / bb22
y690 = bb710 (bb72) * (bb210) / bb22
y720 = bb83 (bb82) * (bb23) / bb22
y730 = bb84 (bb82) * (bb24) / bb22
y740 = bb85 (bb82) * (bb25) / bb22
y750 = bb86 (bb82) * (bb26) / bb22
y760 = bb87 (bb82) * (bb27) / bb22
y770 = bb88 (bb82) * (bb28) / bb22
y780 = bb89 (bb82) * (bb29) / bb22
y790 = bb810 (bb82) * (bb210) / bb22
y820 = bb93 (bb92) * (bb23) / bb22
y830 = bb94 (bb92) * (bb24) / bb22

y840 = bb95 (bb92) * (bb25) / bb22
y850 = bb96 (bb92) * (bb26) / bb22
y860 = bb97 (bb92) * (bb27) / bb22
y870 = bb98 (bb92) * (bb28) / bb22
y880 = bb99 (bb92) * (bb29) / bb22
y890 = bb910 (bb92) * (bb210) / bb22
y920 = bb103 (bb102) * (bb23) / bb22
y930 = bb104 (bb102) * (bb24) / bb22
y940 = bb105 (bb102) * (bb25) / bb22
y950 = bb106 (bb102) * (bb26) / bb22
y960 = bb107 (bb102) * (bb27) / bb22
y970 = bb108 (bb102) * (bb28) / bb22
y980 = bb109 (bb102) * (bb29) / bb22
y990 = bb1010 (bb102) * (bb210) / bb22
y221 = y220 / y220
y231 = y230 / y220
y241 = y240 / y220
y251 = y250 / y220
y261 = y260 / y220
y271 = y270 / y220
y281 = y280 / y220
y291 = y290 / y220
y331 = y330 (y320) * (y230) / y220
y341 = y340 (y320) * (y240) / y220
y351 = y350 (y320) * (y250) / y220
y361 = y360 (y320) * (y260) / y220
y371 = y370 (y320) * (y270) / y220
y381 = y380 (y320) * (y280) / y220
y391 = y390 (y320) * (y290) / y220
y431 = y430 (y420) * (y230) / y220
y441 = y440 (y420) * (y240) / y220
y451 = y450 (y420) * (y250) / y220
y461 = y460 (y420) * (y260) / y220
y471 = y470 (y420) * (y270) / y220
y481 = y480 (y420) * (y280) / y220
y491 = y490 (y420) * (y290) / y220
y531 = y530 (y520) * (y230) / y220
y541 = y540 (y520) * (y240) / y220
y551 = y550 (y520) * (y250) / y220
y561 = y560 (y520) * (y260) / y220
y571 = y570 (y520) * (y270) / y220
y581 = y580 (y520) * (y280) / y220
y591 = y590 (y520) * (y290) / y220
y631 = y630 (y620) * (y230) / y220

y641 = y640 (y620) * (y240) / y220
y651 = y650 (y620) * (y250) / y220
y661 = y660 (y620) * (y260) / y220
y671 = y670 (y620) * (y270) / y220
y681 = y680 (y620) * (y280) / y220
y691 = y690 (y620) * (y290) / y220
y731 = y730 (y720) * (y230) / y220
y741 = y740 (y720) * (y240) / y220
y751 = y750 (y720) * (y250) / y220
y761 = y760 (y720) * (y260) / y220
y771 = y770 (y720) * (y270) / y220
y781 = y780 (y720) * (y280) / y220
y791 = y790 (y720) * (y290) / y220
y831 = y830 (y820) * (y230) / y220
y841 = y840 (y820) * (y240) / y220
y851 = y850 (y820) * (y250) / y220
y861 = y860 (y820) * (y260) / y220
y871 = y870 (y820) * (y270) / y220
y881 = y880 (y820) * (y280) / y220
y891 = y890 (y820) * (y290) / y220
y931 = y930 (y920) * (y230) / y220
y941 = y940 (y920) * (y240) / y220
y951 = y950 (y920) * (y250) / y220
y961 = y960 (y920) * (y260) / y220
y971 = y970 (y920) * (y270) / y220
y981 = y980 (y920) * (y280) / y220
y991 = y990 (y920) * (y290) / y220
y332 = y331 / y331
y342 = y341 / y331
y352 = y351 / y331
y362 = y361 / y331
y372 = y371 / y331
y382 = y381 / y331
y392 = y391 / y331
y442 = y441 (y431) * (y341) / y331
y452 = y451 (y431) * (y351) / y331
y462 = y461 (y431) * (y361) / y331
y472 = y471 (y431) * (y371) / y331
y482 = y481 (y431) * (y381) / y331
y492 = y491 (y431) * (y391) / y331
y542 = y541 (y531) * (y341) / y331
y552 = y551 (y531) * (y351) / y331
y562 = y561 (y531) * (y361) / y331
y572 = y571 (y531) * (y371) / y331

y582 = y581 (y531) * (y381) / y331
y592 = y591 (y531) * (y391) / y331
y642 = y641 (y631) * (y341) / y331
y652 = y651 (y631) * (y351) / y331
y662 = y661 (y631) * (y361) / y331
y672 = y671 (y631) * (y371) / y331
y682 = y681 (y631) * (y381) / y331
y692 = y691 (y631) * (y391) / y331
y742 = y741 (y731) * (y341) / y331
y752 = y751 (y731) * (y351) / y331
y762 = y761 (y731) * (y361) / y331
y772 = y771 (y731) * (y371) / y331
y782 = y781 (y731) * (y381) / y331
y792 = y791 (y731) * (y391) / y331
y842 = y841 (y831) * (y341) / y331
y852 = y851 (y831) * (y351) / y331
y862 = y861 (y831) * (y361) / y331
y872 = y871 (y831) * (y371) / y331
y882 = y881 (y831) * (y381) / y331
y892 = y891 (y831) * (y391) / y331
y942 = y941 (y931) * (y341) / y331
y952 = y951 (y931) * (y351) / y331
y962 = y961 (y931) * (y361) / y331
y972 = y971 (y931) * (y371) / y331
y982 = y981 (y931) * (y381) / y331
y992 = y991 (y931) * (y391) / y331
y443 = y442 / y442
y453 = y452 / y442
y463 = y462 / y442
y473 = y472 / y442
y483 = y482 / y442
y493 = y492 / y442
y553 = y552 (y542) * (y452) / y442
y563 = y562 (y542) * (y462) / y442
y573 = y572 (y542) * (y472) / y442
y583 = y582 (y542) * (y482) / y442
y593 = y592 (y542) * (y492) / y442
y653 = y652 (y642) * (y452) / y442
y663 = y662 (y642) * (y462) / y442
y673 = y672 (y642) * (y472) / y442
y683 = y682 (y642) * (y482) / y442
y693 = y692 (y642) * (y492) / y442
y753 = y752 (y742) * (y452) / y442

y763 = y762 (y742) * (y462) / y442
y773 = y772 (y742) * (y472) / y442
y783 = y782 (y742) * (y482) / y442
y793 = y792 (y742) * (y492) / y442
y853 = y852 (y842) * (y452) / y442
y863 = y862 (y842) * (y462) / y442
y873 = y872 (y842) * (y472) / y442
y883 = y882 (y842) * (y482) / y442
y893 = y892 (y842) * (y492) / y442
y953 = y952 (y942) * (y452) / y442
y963 = y962 (y942) * (y462) / y442
y973 = y972 (y942) * (y472) / y442
y983 = y982 (y942) * (y482) / y442
y993 = y992 (y942) * (y492) / y442
y554 = y553 / y553
y564 = y563 / y553
y574 = y573 / y553
y584 = y583 / y553
y594 = y593 / y553
y664 = y663 (y653) * (y563) / y553
y674 = y673 (y653) * (y573) / y553
y684 = y683 (y653) * (y583) / y553
y694 = y693 (y653) * (y593) / y553
y764 = y763 (y753) * (y563) / y553
y774 = y773 (y753) * (y573) / y553
y784 = y783 (y753) * (y583) / y553
y794 = y793 (y753) * (y593) / y553
y864 = y863 (y853) * (y563) / y553
y874 = y873 (y853) * (y573) / y553
y884 = y883 (y853) * (y583) / y553
y894 = y893 (y853) * (y593) / y553
y964 = y963 (y953) * (y563) / y553
y974 = y973 (y953) * (y573) / y553
y984 = y983 (y953) * (y583) / y553
y994 = y993 (y953) * (y593) / y553
y665 = y664 / y664
y675 = y674 / y664
y685 = y684 / y664
y695 = y694 / y664
y775 = y774 (y764) * (y674) / y664
y785 = y784 (y764) * (y684) / y664
y795 = y794 (y764) * (y694) / y664

y875 = y874 (y864) * (y674) / y664
y885 = y884 (y864) * (y684) / y664
y895 = y894 (y864) * (y694) / y664
y975 = y974 (y964) * (y674) / y664
y985 = y984 (y964) * (y684) / y664
y995 = y994 (y964) * (y694) / y664

y776 = y775 / y775
y786 = y785 / y775
y796 = y795 / y775
y886 = y885 (y875) * (y785) / y775
y896 = y895 (y875) * (y795) / y775
y986 = y985 (y975) * (y785) / y775
y996 = y995 (y975) * (y795) / y775
y887 = y886 / y886
y897 = y896 / y886
y997 = y996 (y986) * (y896) / y886
(y542)) / y553
(intu(4, i)) (y653) * (intu(5, i))) / y664
(intu(4, i)) (y853) * (intu(5, i)) (y864) * (intu(6, i)) (y875) * (intu(7, i))) / y886
in1(9, i) = (intu(5, i)) * (y953) (intu(6, i)) * (y964) (intu(7, i)) * (y975) (intu(8, i)) * (y986)
intu(9, i) = (diffp(10, i) (bb102) * (intu(1, i)) (y920) * (intu(2, i)) (intu(3, i)) * (y931) (intu(4, i))
* (y942) + in1(9, i)) / y997
dd(10, i) = intu(9, i)
dd(9, i) = (intu(8, i) ((y897) * (dd(10, i))))
dd(8, i) = (intu(7, i) ((y786) * (dd(9, i))) ((dd(10, i)) * (y796)))
dd(6, i) = (intu(5, i) ((y564) * (dd(7, i))) ((y574) * (dd(8, i))) ((y584) * (dd(9, i))) ((dd(10, i)) *
(yy594)))
i))) ((dd(10, i)) * (y493)))
i))) ((y382) * (dd(9, i))) ((dd(10, i)) * (y392)))

i))) ((y271) * (dd(8, i))) ((y281) * (dd(9, i))) ((dd(10, i)) * (yy292)))
i))) ((y160) * (dd(7, i))) ((y170) * (dd(8, i))) ((y180) * (dd(9, i))) ((dd(10, i)) * (y190)))
d(2, i + 1) = d(2, i) + dd(2, i)
d(3, i + 1) = d(3, i) + dd(3, i)
d(4, i + 1) = d(4, i) + dd(4, i)
d(5, i + 1) = d(5, i) + dd(5, i)
d(6, i + 1) = d(6, i) + dd(6, i)
d(7, i + 1) = d(7, i) + dd(7, i)
d(8, i + 1) = d(8, i) + dd(8, i)
d(9, i + 1) = d(9, i) + dd(9, i)
d(10, i + 1) = d(10, i) + dd(10, i)
d(5, i + 1))))) / v(8, i)
d(6, i + 1))))) / v(9, i)
dq(10, i) = ((q10 / mvab) + ((bb1010) * (v(10, i) ^ 2)) + ((v(10, i) * v(7, i)) * (y710 * Sin(an710
d(10, i + 1) + d(7, i + 1))))) / v(10, i)
intv(1, i) = dq(2, i) / bb22
(y542)) / y553
(intv(4, i)) (y653) * (intv(5, i))) / y664
(intv(4, i)) (y853) * (intv(5, i)) (y864) * (intv(6, i)) (y875) * (intv(7, i))) / y886

intv1(9, i) = (intv(4, i)) * (y942) (intv(5, i)) * (y953) (intv(6, i)) * (y964) (intv(7, i)) * (y975)
(intv(8, i)) * (y986)
intv(9, i) = (dq(10, i) (bb102) * (intv(1, i)) (y920) * (intv(2, i)) (intv(3, i)) * (y931) + intv1(9, i)) /
y997
dv(10, i) = intv(9, i)
dv(9, i) = (intv(8, i) ((y897) * (dv(10, i))))
dv(8, i) = (intv(7, i) ((y786) * (dv(9, i))) ((dv(10, i)) * (y796)))
dv(6, i) = (intv(5, i) ((y564) * (dv(7, i))) ((y574) * (dv(8, i))) ((y584) * (dv(9, i))) ((dv(10, i)) *
(yy594)))
i))) ((dv(10, i)) * (y493)))
i))) ((y382) * (dv(9, i))) ((dv(10, i)) * (y392)))
i))) ((y271) * (dv(8, i))) ((y281) * (dv(9, i))) ((dv(10, i)) * (yy292)))
i))) ((y160) * (dv(7, i))) ((y170) * (dv(8, i))) ((y180) * (dv(9, i))) ((dv(10, i)) * (y190)))
v(2, i + 1) = v(2, i) + dv(2, i)
v(3, i + 1) = v(3, i) + dv(3, i)
v(4, i + 1) = v(4, i) + dv(4, i)
v(5, i + 1) = v(5, i) + dv(5, i)
v(6, i + 1) = v(6, i) + dv(6, i)
v(7, i + 1) = v(7, i) + dv(7, i)
v(8, i + 1) = v(8, i) + dv(8, i)
v(9, i + 1) = v(9, i) + dv(9, i)
v(10, i + 1) = v(10, i) + dv(10, i)
v(2, i) = v(2, i + 1)
v(3, i) = v(3, i + 1)
v(4, i) = v(4, i + 1)
v(5, i) = v(5, i + 1)
v(6, i) = v(6, i + 1)
v(7, i) = v(7, i + 1)
v(8, i) = v(8, i + 1)
v(9, i) = v(9, i + 1)
v(10, i) = v(10, i + 1)
d(2, i) = d(2, i + 1)
d(3, i) = d(3, i + 1)
d(4, i) = d(4, i + 1)
d(5, i) = d(5, i + 1)
d(6, i) = d(6, i + 1)
d(7, i) = d(7, i + 1)
d(8, i) = d(8, i + 1)
d(9, i) = d(9, i + 1)
d(10, i) = d(10, i + 1)

Next i


i) d(2, i)))))
i) d(2, i)))))
i) d(2, i)))))
i)))))

Range("b132") = v(2, i)
Range("b133") = v(3, i)
Range("b134") = v(4, i)
Range("b135") = v(5, i)
Range("b136") = v(6, i)
Range("b137") = v(7, i)
Range("b138") = v(8, i)
Range("b139") = v(9, i)
Range("b140") = v(10, i)
Range("b141") = d(2, i)
Range("c141") = d(2, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b142") = d(3, i)
Range("c142") = d(3, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b143") = d(4, i)
Range("c143") = d(4, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b144") = d(5, i)
Range("c144") = d(5, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b145") = d(6, i)
Range("c145") = d(6, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b146") = d(7, i)
Range("c146") = d(7, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b147") = d(8, i)
Range("c147") = d(8, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b148") = d(9, i)
Range("c148") = d(9, i) * 180 / 3.14159265

Range("b149") = d(10, i)
Range("c149") = d(10, i) * 180 / 3.14159265
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))
i)))))

i)))))
Range("b166") = (((v(7, i) ^ 2) * (g710)) + ((v(7, i)) * (v(10, i)) * (y710) * (Cos(an710 + d(10, i)
d(7, i)))))
Range("b167") = (((v(10, i) ^ 2) * (g710)) + ((v(7, i)) * (v(10, i)) * (y710) * (Cos(an710 + d(7, i)
d(10, i)))))
d1 d(2, i)))))
an23 + d(3, i) d(2, i)))))
an24 + d(4, i) d(2, i)))))
an25 + d(5, i) d(2, i)))))

Range("b184") = ((v(7, i) ^ 2) * (b710) ((v(7, i)) * (v(10, i)) * (y710) * (Sin(an710 + d(10, i) d(7,
i)))))
Range("b185") = ((v(10, i) ^ 2) * (b710) ((v(7, i)) * (v(10, i)) * (y710) * (Sin(an710 + d(7, i)
d(10, i)))))
'Print diffp(2, i), diffp(3, i), diffp(4, i), diffp(5, i), diffp(6, i), diffp(7, i), diffp(8, i), diffp(9, i), diffp(10,
i), dq(2, i), dq(3, i), dq(4, i), dq(5, i), dq(6, i), dq(7, i), dq(8, i), dq(9, i), dq(10, i)
Next i
End Sub
Sub MySub21()
Range("b2").Select
r12 = Range("b2")
r13 = Range("b3")
r24 = Range("b4")
r34 = Range("b5")
x12 = Range("b6")
x13 = Range("b7")
x24 = Range("b8")
x34 = Range("b9")
v1 = Range("b14")
v2 = Range("b15")
v3 = Range("b16")
v4 = Range("b17")
d1 = Range("b18")
d2 = Range("b19")
d3 = Range("b20")
d4 = Range("b21")
p1 = Range("b22")
p2 = Range("b23")
p3 = Range("b24")
p4 = Range("b25")
q1 = Range("b26")
q2 = Range("b27")
q3 = Range("b28")
q4 = Range("b29")
kvb = Range("b30")
z12 = ((r12) ^ 2 + (x12) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z13 = ((r13) ^ 2 + (x13) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z24 = ((r24) ^ 2 + (x24) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
z34 = ((r34) ^ 2 + (x34) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
an12 = Atn(x12 / r12)

an13 = Atn(x13 / r13)
an24 = Atn(x24 / r24)
an34 = Atn(x34 / r34)
y12 = 1 / z12
y13 = 1 / z13
y24 = 1 / z24
y34 = 1 / z34
g12 = y12 * Cos(an12)
g13 = y13 * Cos(an13)
g24 = y24 * Cos(an24)
g34 = y34 * Cos(an34)
b12 = y12 * Sin(an12)
b13 = y13 * Sin(an13)
b24 = y24 * Sin(an24)
b34 = y34 * Sin(an34)
yc12 = (mvac12) / (200)
yc13 = (mvac13) / (200)
yc24 = (mvac24) / (200)
yc34 = (mvac34) / (200)
gb11 = g12 + g13
gb22 = g24 + g12
gb33 = g34 + g13
gb44 = g34 + g24
gb12 = g12
gb21 = g12
gb13 = g13
gb31 = g13
gb24 = g24
gb42 = g24
gb34 = g34
gb43 = g34
bb11 = b12 + b13 + yc12 + yc13
bb22 = b24 + b12 + yc12 + yc24
bb33 = b34 + b13 + yc13 + yc34
bb44 = b34 + b24 + yc34 + yc24
bb12 = b12
bb21 = b12
bb13 = b13
bb31 = b13
bb24 = b24
bb42 = b24
bb34 = b34
bb43 = b34
pb2 = ((gb22) * ((v2) ^ 2)) + ((v2 * v1) * (y12 * Cos(an12 + d1 d2))) + ((v4 * v2) * (y24 * Cos(
an24 + d4 d2)))
pb3 = ((gb33) * ((v3) ^ 2)) + ((v3 * v1) * (y13 * Cos(an13 d3 + d1))) + ((v4) * (v3) * (y34 * Cos(

an34 d3 + d4)))
pb4 = ((gb44) * ((v4) ^ 2)) + ((v4 * v2) * (y24 * Cos(an24 d4 + d2))) + ((v3 * v4) * (y34 * Cos(
an34 d4 + d3)))
qb2 = ((bb22) * ((v2) ^ 2)) ((v2 * v1) * (y12 * Sin(an12 + d1 d2))) ((v4 * v2) * (y24 * Sin(
an24 + d4 d2)))
qb3 = ((bb33) * ((v3) ^ 2)) ((v3 * v1) * (y13 * Sin(an13 d3 + d1))) ((v4) * (v3) * (y34 * Sin(
an34 d3 + d4)))
diffp2 = ((p2 / 100) pb2)
diffp3 = ((p3 / 100) pb3)
diffp4 = ((p4 / 100) pb4)
diffq2 = ((q2 / 100) qb2)
diffq3 = ((q3 / 100) qb3)
m22 = ((v2 * v1) * (y12 * Sin(an12 + d1 d2))) + ((v2 * v4) * (y24 * Sin(an24 + d4 d2)))
m33 = ((v3 * v1) * (y13 * Sin(an13 d3 + d1))) + ((v4 * v3) * (y34 * Sin(an34 d3 + d4)))
m44 = ((v2 * v4) * (y24 * Sin(an24 d4 + d2))) + ((v4 * v3) * (y34 * Sin(an34 + d3 d4)))
m23 = ((v2 * v3) * (y23 * Sin(an23 d2 + d3)))
m32 = ((v2 * v3) * (y23 * Sin(an23 d3 + d2)))
m24 = ((v2 * v4) * (y24 * Sin(an24 d2 + d4)))
m42 = ((v2 * v4) * (y24 * Sin(an24 d4 + d2)))
m34 = ((v4 * v3) * (y34 * Sin(an34 + d4 d3)))
m43 = ((v4 * v3) * (y34 * Sin(an34 + d3 d4)))
n22 = ((v2 * v1) * (y12 * Cos(an12 + d1 d2))) + ((v2 * v4) * (y24 * Cos(an24 + d4 d2)))
n33 = ((v3 * v1) * (y13 * Cos(an13 d3 + d1))) + ((v4 * v3) * (y34 * Cos(an34 d3 + d4)))
n23 = ((v2 * v3) * (y23 * Cos(an23 + d3 d2)))
n32 = ((v2 * v3) * (y23 * Cos(an23 d3 + d2)))
n34 = ((v3 * v4) * (y34 * Cos(an34 + d4 d3)))
n43 = ((v3 * v4) * (y34 * Cos(an34 d4 + d3)))
n24 = ((v2 * v4) * (y24 * Cos(an24 d2 + d4)))
n42 = ((v2 * v4) * (y24 * Cos(an24 + d2 d4)))
mm25 = n22 + (2 * (v2 ^ 2) * (gb22))
mm26 = n23
mm35 = n32
mm36 = n33 + (2 * (v3 ^ 2) * (gb33))
mm45 = n42
mm46 = n34
nn25 = m22 (2 * (v2 ^ 2) * (bb22))
nn26 = m23
nn35 = m32
nn36 = m33 (2 * (v3 ^ 2) * (bb33))
y110 = m22 / m22
y120 = m23 / m22
y130 = m24 / m22
y140 = mm25 / m22
y150 = mm26 / m22
y220 = m33 (m32) * (m23) / (m22)
y230 = m34 (m32) * (m24) / (m22)

y240 = mm35 (m32) * (mm25) / m22
y250 = mm36 (m32) * (mm26) / m22
y320 = m43 (m42) * (m23) / m22
y330 = m44 (m42) * (m24) / m22
y340 = mm45 (m42) * (mm25) / m22
y350 = mm46 (m42) * (mm26) / m22
y420 = n23 (n22) * (m23) / m22
y430 = n24 (n22) * (m24) / m22
y440 = nn25 (n22) * (mm25) / m22
y450 = nn26 (n22) * (mm26) / m22
y520 = n33 (n32) * (m23) / m22
y530 = n34 (n32) * (m24) / m22
y540 = nn35 (n32) * (mm25) / m22
y550 = nn36 (n32) * (mm26) / m22
y221 = y220 / y220
y231 = y230 / y220
y241 = y240 / y220
y251 = y250 / y220
y331 = y330 (y320) * (y230) / y220
y341 = y340 (y320) * (y240) / y220
y351 = y350 (y320) * (y250) / y220
y431 = y430 (y420) * (y230) / y220
y441 = y440 (y420) * (y240) / y220
y451 = y450 (y420) * (y250) / y220
y531 = y530 (y520) * (y230) / y220
y541 = y540 (y520) * (y240) / y220
y551 = y550 (y520) * (y250) / y220
y332 = y331 / y331
y342 = y341 / y331
y352 = y351 / y331
y442 = y441 (y431) * (y341) / y331
y452 = y451 (y431) * (y351) / y331
y542 = y541 (y531) * (y341) / y331
y552 = y551 (y531) * (y351) / y331
y443 = y442 / y442
y453 = y452 / y442
y553 = y552 (y542) * (y452) / y442
'Print "the bus admittance matrix of the 4 bus system"
'Print "Y11 = "; gb11; "+j"; bb11
'Print "Y12 = "; gb12; "+j"; bb12
'Print "Y13 = "; gb13; "+j"; bb13
'Print "Y14 = "; gb14; "+j"; bb14
'Print "Y21 = "; gb21; "+j"; bb21
'Print "Y22 = "; gb22; "+j"; bb22
'Print "Y23 = "; gb23; "+j"; bb23
'Print "Y24 = "; gb24; "+j"; bb24

'Print "Y31 = "; gb31; "+j"; bb31
'Print "Y32 = "; gb32; "+j"; bb32
'Print "Y33 = "; gb33; "+j"; bb33
'Print "Y34 = "; gb34; "+j"; bb34
'Print "Y41 = "; gb41; "+j"; bb41
'Print "Y42 = "; gb42; "+j"; bb42
'Print "Y43 = "; gb43; "+j"; bb43
'Print "Y44 = "; gb44; "+j"; bb44
'Print " Jacobian matrix : "
'Print m22; m23; m24; mm25; mm26; mm27
'Print m32; m33; m34; mm35; mm36; mm37
'Print m42; m43; m44; mm45; mm46; mm47
'Print n22; n23; n24; nn25; nn26; nn27
'Print n32; n33; n34; nn35; nn36; nn37
'Print "the mismatches: dp2, dp3, dp4, dq2,dq3 respectively:"; diffp2; diffp3; diffp4; diffq2; diffq3
x1 = diffp2 / m22
x2 = (diffp3 (x1) * (m32)) / y220
x3 = (diffp4 (x1) * (m42) (y320) * (x2)) / y331
x4 = (diffq2 (x1) * (n22) (y420) * (x2) (x3) * (y431)) / y442
x5 = (diffq3 (x1) * (n32) (y520) * (x2) (x3) * (y531) (x4) * (y542)) / y553
f5 = x5
f4 = (x4 ((y453) * (f5)))
f3 = (x3 ((y342) * (f4)) ((y352) * (f5)))
f2 = (x2 ((y231) * (f3)) (y241) * (f4) (y251) * (f5))
f1 = (x1 ((y120) * (f2)) ((y130) * (f3)) ((y140) * (f4)) ((y150) * (f5)))
'Print f1; "rad", f2; "rad.", f3, f4, f5
v21 = v2 * (1 + f4)
v31 = v3 * (1 + f5)
d21 = d2 + f1
d31 = d3 + f2
d41 = d4 + f3
'Print "after first iteration, voltages and phase angles at buses 1,2,3,4: "; 0; 1, v21; d21, v31; d31, 1.02;
d41
'Print d21 * 180 / 3.141592654; "deg", d31 * 180 / 3.141592654; "deg", d41 * 180 / 3.141592654
pb21 = ((gb22) * ((v21) ^ 2)) + ((v21 * v1) * (y12 * Cos(an12 + d1 d21))) + ((v4 * v21) * (y24 *
Cos(an24 + d41 d21)))
pb31 = ((gb33) * ((v31) ^ 2)) + ((v31 * v1) * (y13 * Cos(an13 d31 + d1))) + ((v4) * (v31) * (y34 *
Cos(an34 d31 + d41)))
pb41 = ((gb44) * ((v4) ^ 2)) + ((v4 * v21) * (y24 * Cos(an24 d41 + d21))) + ((v31 * v4) * (y34 *
Cos(an34 d41 + d31)))
qb21 = ((bb22) * ((v21) ^ 2)) ((v21 * v1) * (y12 * Sin(an12 + d1 d21))) ((v4 * v21) * (y24 *
Sin(an24 + d41 d21)))
qb31 = ((bb33) * ((v31) ^ 2)) ((v31 * v1) * (y13 * Sin(an13 d31 + d1))) ((v4) * (v31) * (y34 *
Sin(an34 d31 + d41)))
diffp21 = ((p2 / 100) pb21)
diffp31 = ((p3 / 100) pb31)

diffp41 = ((p4 / 100) pb41)
diffq21 = ((q2 / 100) qb21)
diffq31 = ((q3 / 100) qb31)

m231 = ((v21 * v31) * (y23 * Sin(an23 d21 + d31)))
m321 = ((v21 * v31) * (y23 * Sin(an23 d31 + d21)))
m241 = ((v21 * v4) * (y24 * Sin(an24 d21 + d41)))
m421 = ((v21 * v4) * (y24 * Sin(an24 d41 + d21)))
m341 = ((v4 * v31) * (y34 * Sin(an34 + d41 d31)))
m431 = ((v4 * v31) * (y34 * Sin(an34 + d31 d41)))
n231 = ((v21 * v31) * (y23 * Cos(an23 + d31 d21)))
n321 = ((v21 * v31) * (y23 * Cos(an23 d31 + d21)))
n341 = ((v31 * v4) * (y34 * Cos(an34 + d41 d31)))
n431 = ((v31 * v4) * (y34 * Cos(an34 d41 + d31)))
n241 = ((v21 * v4) * (y24 * Cos(an24 d21 + d41)))
n421 = ((v21 * v4) * (y24 * Cos(an24 + d21 d41)))
mm251 = n221 + (2 * (v21 ^ 2) * (gb22))
mm261 = n231
mm351 = n321
mm361 = n331 + (2 * (v31 ^ 2) * (gb33))
mm451 = n421
mm461 = n341
nn251 = m221 (2 * (v21 ^ 2) * (bb22))
nn261 = m231
nn351 = m321
nn361 = m331 (2 * (v31 ^ 2) * (bb33))
y1101 = m221 / m221
y1201 = m231 / m221
y1301 = m241 / m221
y1401 = mm251 / m221
y1501 = mm261 / m221
y2201 = m331 (m321) * (m231) / (m221)
y2301 = m341 (m321) * (m241) / (m221)
y2401 = mm351 (m321) * (mm251) / m221
y2501 = mm361 (m321) * (mm261) / m221
y3201 = m431 (m421) * (m231) / m221
y3301 = m441 (m421) * (m241) / m221
y3401 = mm451 (m421) * (mm251) / m221
y3501 = mm461 (m421) * (mm261) / m221
y4201 = n231 (n221) * (m231) / m221
y4301 = n241 (n221) * (m241) / m221

y4401 = nn251 (n221) * (mm251) / m221
y4501 = nn261 (n221) * (mm261) / m221
y5201 = n331 (n321) * (m231) / m221
y5301 = n341 (n321) * (m241) / m221
y5401 = nn351 (n321) * (mm251) / m221
y5501 = nn361 (n321) * (mm261) / m221
y2211 = y2201 / y2201
y2311 = y2301 / y2201
y2411 = y2401 / y2201
y2511 = y2501 / y2201
y3311 = y3301 (y3201) * (y2301) / y2201
y3411 = y3401 (y3201) * (y2401) / y2201
y3511 = y3501 (y3201) * (y2501) / y2201
y4311 = y4301 (y4201) * (y2301) / y2201
y4411 = y4401 (y4201) * (y2401) / y2201
y4511 = y4501 (y4201) * (y2501) / y2201
y5311 = y5301 (y5201) * (y2301) / y2201
y5411 = y5401 (y5201) * (y2401) / y2201
y5511 = y5501 (y5201) * (y2501) / y2201
y3321 = y3311 / y3311
y3421 = y3411 / y3311
y3521 = y3511 / y3311
y4421 = y4411 (y4311) * (y3411) / y3311
y4521 = y4511 (y4311) * (y3511) / y3311
y5421 = y5411 (y5311) * (y3411) / y3311
y5521 = y5511 (y5311) * (y3511) / y3311
y4431 = y4421 / y4421
y4531 = y4521 / y4421
y5531 = y5521 (y5421) * (y4521) / y4421
'Print "the mismatches: dp2, dp3, dp4, dq2,dq3 respectively:"; diffp21; diffp31; diffp41; diffq21;
diffq31
xx1 = diffp21 / m221
xx2 = (diffp31 (xx1) * (m321)) / y2201
xx3 = (diffp41 (xx1) * (m421) (y3201) * (xx2)) / y3311
xx4 = (diffq21 (xx1) * (n221) (y4201) * (xx2) (xx3) * (y4311)) / y4421
xx5 = (diffq31 (xx1) * (n321) (y5201) * (xx2) (xx3) * (y5311) (xx4) * (y5421)) / y5531
f51 = xx5
f41 = (xx4 ((y4531) * (f51)))
f31 = (xx3 ((y3421) * (f41)) ((y3521) * (f51)))
f21 = (xx2 ((y2311) * (f31)) (y2411) * (f41) (y2511) * (f51))
f11 = (xx1 ((y1201) * (f21)) ((y1301) * (f31)) ((y1401) * (f41)) ((y1501) * (f51)))
v22 = v21 * (1 + f41)
v32 = v31 * (1 + f51)
d22 = d21 + f11
d32 = d31 + f21

d42 = d41 + f31
'Print "after second iteration, voltages and phase angles at buses 1,2,3,4: "; 0; 1, v22; d22, v32; d32,
1.02; d42
'Print d22 * 180 / 3.141592654; "deg", d32 * 180 / 3.141592654; "deg", d42 * 180 / 3.141592654
pb22 = ((gb22) * ((v22) ^ 2)) + ((v22 * v1) * (y12 * Cos(an12 + d1 d22))) + ((v4 * v22) * (y24 *
Cos(an24 + d42 d22)))
pb32 = ((gb33) * ((v32) ^ 2)) + ((v32 * v1) * (y13 * Cos(an13 d32 + d1))) + ((v4) * (v32) * (y34 *
Cos(an34 d32 + d42)))
pb42 = ((gb44) * ((v4) ^ 2)) + ((v4 * v21) * (y24 * Cos(an24 d42 + d22))) + ((v32 * v4) * (y34 *
Cos(an34 d42 + d32)))
qb22 = ((bb22) * ((v22) ^ 2)) ((v22 * v1) * (y12 * Sin(an12 + d1 d22))) ((v4 * v22) * (y24 *
Sin(an24 + d42 d22)))
qb32 = ((bb33) * ((v32) ^ 2)) ((v32 * v1) * (y13 * Sin(an13 d32 + d1))) ((v4) * (v32) * (y34 *
Sin(an34 d32 + d42)))
diffp22 = ((p2 / 100) pb22)
diffp32 = ((p3 / 100) pb32)
diffp42 = ((p4 / 100) pb42)
diffq22 = ((q2 / 100) qb22)
diffq32 = ((q3 / 100) qb32)

m232 = ((v22 * v32) * (y23 * Sin(an23 d22 + d32)))
m322 = ((v22 * v32) * (y23 * Sin(an23 d32 + d22)))
m242 = ((v22 * v4) * (y24 * Sin(an24 d22 + d42)))
m422 = ((v22 * v4) * (y24 * Sin(an24 d42 + d22)))
m342 = ((v4 * v32) * (y34 * Sin(an34 + d42 d32)))
m432 = ((v4 * v32) * (y34 * Sin(an34 + d32 d42)))
n232 = ((v22 * v32) * (y23 * Cos(an23 + d32 d22)))
n322 = ((v22 * v32) * (y23 * Cos(an23 d32 + d22)))
n342 = ((v32 * v4) * (y34 * Cos(an34 + d42 d32)))
n432 = ((v32 * v4) * (y34 * Cos(an34 d42 + d32)))
n242 = ((v22 * v4) * (y24 * Cos(an24 d22 + d42)))
n422 = ((v22 * v4) * (y24 * Cos(an24 + d22 d42)))
mm252 = n222 + (2 * (v22 ^ 2) * (gb22))
mm262 = n232
mm352 = n322
mm362 = n332 + (2 * (v32 ^ 2) * (gb33))
mm452 = n422
mm462 = n342
nn252 = m222 (2 * (v22 ^ 2) * (bb22))
nn262 = m232
nn352 = m322

nn362 = m332 (2 * (v32 ^ 2) * (bb33))
y1102 = m222 / m222
y1202 = m232 / m222
y1302 = m242 / m222
y1402 = mm252 / m222
y1502 = mm262 / m222
y2202 = m332 (m322) * (m232) / (m222)
y2302 = m342 (m322) * (m242) / (m222)
y2402 = mm352 (m322) * (mm252) / m222
y2502 = mm362 (m322) * (mm262) / m222
y3202 = m432 (m422) * (m232) / m222
y3302 = m442 (m422) * (m242) / m222
y3402 = mm452 (m422) * (mm252) / m222
y3502 = mm462 (m422) * (mm262) / m222
y4202 = n232 (n222) * (m232) / m222
y4302 = n242 (n222) * (m242) / m222
y4402 = nn252 (n222) * (mm252) / m222
y4502 = nn262 (n222) * (mm262) / m222
y5202 = n332 (n322) * (m232) / m222
y5302 = n342 (n322) * (m242) / m222
y5402 = nn352 (n322) * (mm252) / m222
y5502 = nn362 (n322) * (mm262) / m222
y2212 = y2202 / y2202
y2312 = y2302 / y2202
y2412 = y2402 / y2202
y2512 = y2502 / y2202
y3312 = y3302 (y3202) * (y2302) / y2202
y3412 = y3402 (y3202) * (y2402) / y2202
y3512 = y3502 (y3202) * (y2502) / y2202
y4312 = y4302 (y4202) * (y2302) / y2202
y4412 = y4402 (y4202) * (y2402) / y2202
y4512 = y4502 (y4202) * (y2502) / y2202
y5312 = y5302 (y5202) * (y2302) / y2202
y5412 = y5402 (y5202) * (y2402) / y2202
y5512 = y5502 (y5202) * (y2502) / y2202
y3322 = y3312 / y3312
y3422 = y3412 / y3312
y3522 = y3512 / y3312
y4422 = y4412 (y4312) * (y3412) / y3312
y4522 = y4512 (y4312) * (y3512) / y3312
y5422 = y5412 (y5312) * (y3412) / y3312
y5522 = y5512 (y5312) * (y3512) / y3312
y4432 = y4422 / y4422
y4532 = y4522 / y4422
y5532 = y5522 (y5422) * (y4522) / y4422
'Print "the mismatches: dp2, dp3, dp4, dq2,dq3 respectively:"; diffp22; diffp32; diffp42; diffq22;

diffq32
xx11 = diffp22 / m222
xx21 = (diffp32 (xx11) * (m322)) / y2202
xx31 = (diffp42 (xx11) * (m422) (y3202) * (xx21)) / y3312
xx41 = (diffq22 (xx11) * (n222) (y4202) * (xx21) (xx31) * (y4312)) / y4422
xx51 = (diffq32 (xx11) * (n322) (y5202) * (xx21) (xx31) * (y5312) (xx41) * (y5422)) / y5532
f52 = xx51
f42 = (xx41 ((y4532) * (f52)))
f32 = (xx31 ((y3422) * (f42)) ((y3522) * (f52)))
f22 = (xx21 ((y2312) * (f32)) (y2412) * (f42) (y2512) * (f52))
f12 = (xx11 ((y1202) * (f22)) ((y1302) * (f32)) ((y1402) * (f42)) ((y1502) * (f52)))
v23 = v22 * (1 + f42)
v33 = v32 * (1 + f52)
d23 = d22 + f12
d33 = d32 + f22
d43 = d42 + f32
Range("b32") = v1
Range("b33") = v23
Range("b34") = v33
Range("b35") = v43
Range("b36") = d1
Range("c36") = d1 * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b37") = d23
Range("c37") = d23 * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b38") = d33
Range("c38") = d33 * 180 / 3.14159265
Range("b39") = d43
Range("c39") = d43 * 180 / 3.14159265
'Print "after third iteration, voltages and phase angles at buses 1,2,3,4: "; 0; 1, v23; d23, v33; d33, 1.02;

d43
'Print d23 * 180 / 3.141592654; "deg", d33 * 180 / 3.141592654; "deg", d43 * 180 / 3.141592654
'Print "active and reactive powers are in p.u."
an13 + d33 d1))))
an12 + d23 d1))))
an12 d23 + d1))))
an13 d33 + d1))))
an24 d23 + d43))))
an24 + d23 d43))))
an34 + d33 d43))))
an34 + d43 d33))))
an13 + d33 d1)))
an12 + d23 d1)))
(Sin(an12 d23 + d1)))
(Sin(an13 d33 + d1)))
(Sin(an24 d23 + d43)))
an24 + d23 d43)))
an34 + d33 d43)))
(Sin(an34 + d43 d33)))
End Sub
General comments and notes regarding the above programs:
1) The previous examples solve the load flow problem. They give the voltages and phase angles at each
of the buses in the system plus the power (active & reactive) flowing into and from each of the buses.
They cover the following systems:
11) Radial system:
111) Single feeder with two buses (including the slack), it is given to present the simplest problem in
load flow analysis and to offer the basis for the more complex systems.
112) Single feeder with three buses (including the slack bus).
113) Three feeders with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 buses (including the slack bus).
12) Network (grid) system with 4 buses.

2) Pages 153 to 155, inclusive, include the user form code for system 111, above. Pages 155 to 157
include the user form (dialog box) for system 112, above. Pages 157 to 161 include the code for
system 113 with 5 buses, above. The corresponding modules (in the module section starting at page
176) for these systems are: Sub MySub11() on page 176, Sub MySub12() on page 178 and Sub MySub
131 () on page 181, respectively. The user forms for these systems include one screen. By refering to
the corresponding user form code, the reader will notice the following: The commandbutton1 (the push
button) is the reset button i.e. when clicked or chosen will reset the values in the user form to the
previous values (given in ranges: z2 to zz12, z26 to z43 & z65 to zz130, respectively, in the worksheet
spread sheet). The commandbutton2, when cclicked will unload (remove) the user form from the
screen and continue with the following statements in the calling module procedure or subroutine, Sub
MySub11(), Sub MySub12() & Sub MySub131(), respectively for the above three examples. For all
three examples, these steps will calculate the required values, the results, write them to the indicated
(appropriate) cells in the worksheet and takes the user to the portion of the worksheet where he or she
can find these results. Upon activation of the form (when the user picks the system from the menu bar,
the pertinent module is called and the statement in the code are executed, one of the first is showing the
dialog box user form), the UserForm_Activate sub will read the data written previously to the cells in
the worksheet (the indicated cells) into the text boxs (show these values in the user form). There is a
portion in the worksheet to which the reset command button will refer to when clicked. The
UserForm_Aactivate will update this range with the new data entered in the work range during the
previous session, this will take place when the form is activated (loaded).
3) Starting from module Sub MySub()132 to Sub MySub136(), inclusive, the user will use two dialog
boxes to enter the pertinent data regarding the system under study. The dialog boxes (user forms) will
have the following names: UserForm4/4a, UserForm5/5a, UserForm6/6a, UserForm7/7a and
UserForm8/8a, respectively. The controls (components), for example on UserForm4 are labels, text
boxes (edit fields) and command buttons (2 of them). The controls on the second, UserForm4a for
example, are labels, text boxes and command buttons (3 of them).
The command buttons on the first user form are: the move to next form (dialog box) and the reset
button. The command buttons on the second user form are: move to previous form, reset values of form
and run the analysis buttons. The move to next form button will perform the following tasks: copy the
range of cells where the user entered the new data to the reset range of the worksheet (note: after the
user finishes entering the data in each text box, the content of the text box is written to the appropriate
cells working area in the worksheet), it will unload the user form and will show the next. The reset
button will reset the values in the text boxes of the form to the previous ones, copying from the reset
area (the range of cells) of the worksheet to the text boxes. The move to the previous form will do
exactly as the move to the next form but unloading removing the second form (presently displayed on
the monitor) and showing the previously displayed one. The run the analysis button will remove the
user form (the second one) from the screen and take the user to the area in the worksheet where he or
she will find the results of the analysis. The procedures UserForm_Deactivate will write the data
(entered by the user in this session) in the working area cells to the reset range, the UserForm_Activate
will put in the text boxes the values previously written to the reset area (range of cells).

contents

Appendix A

The following is an example program taken from the original package written in Quickbasic computer
language.
DECLARE SUB ff ()
DECLARE SUB zz ()
DECLARE SUB ee ()
DECLARE SUB dd ()
DECLARE SUB cc ()
DECLARE SUB bb ()
DECLARE SUB aa ()
CLS
PRINT "The Series of Short Programs for Power Systems Analysts"
PRINT "a program to calculate a reliability index for industrial/commercial system"
PRINT "type of system: enter 1 for simple radial, 2 for primary selective to utility supply, 3 for primary
selective to load side, 4 for primary selective to primary of xfo, 5 for secondary selective & 6 for radial
with spares."
PRINT "for typical values of failures per year and hours of downtime per failure, enter 10."
INPUT "the choice:"; tys
IF tys = 1 THEN CALL aa
IF tys = 3 THEN CALL bb

IF tys = 2 THEN CALL cc
IF tys = 4 THEN CALL dd
IF tys = 5 THEN CALL ee
IF tys = 6 THEN CALL ff
IF tys = 10 THEN
cardscreen:
DATA "????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????"
DATA "³EQUIPMENT CATEGORY               FAILURES/YEAR      HOURS OF
DOWNTIME/FAILURE ³"
DATA "³protective relays                 .0002                        5              ³"
DATA "³0600 V c.b.                      .0027                        4              ³"
DATA "³above 600V c.b.                   .0036                        83.1           ³"
DATA "³0600 V cable (/1000 ft)          .00141                       10.5           ³"
DATA "³1000 V and over(/1000ft)          .00613                       26.5           ³"
DATA "³0600 V cable terminations        .0001                         3.8           ³"
DATA "³above 600 V cable terminations    .0003                        25             ³"
DATA "³enclosed disconnect switches      .0061                         3.6           ³"
DATA "³transformers                      .003                         342            ³"
DATA "³bare l.v. swgr bus (with 7 c.b.)  .0024                         24            ³"
DATA "³bare l.v.swgr bus (with 5 c.b.)   .0017                         24            ³"
DATA "³insulated m.v. swgr bus (1 c.b.)  .0034                         26.8          ³"
DATA "³insulated m.v. swgr bus (2 c.b.)  .0068                         26.8          ³"
DATA "³DATA REGARDING ELECTRIC POWER UTILITY RELIABILITY
FACTORS                     ³"
DATA "³Single circuit                   1.956                         1.32          ³"
DATA "³Double circuits                                                              ³"
DATA "³loss of both circuits             .312                          .52           ³"
DATA "³NOTES: 1)above data are for repair of failed component not for replacement.   ³"
DATA "³       2)% of total breakers to fail while opening is 9.                      ³"
DATA "³                                                                              ³"
DATA "????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????"
RESTORE cardscreen
FOR row = 1 TO 23
LOCATE row, 1
READ tmp$
PRINT tmp$
NEXT
LOCATE 24, 1
PRINT "press any key to exit"
DO
LOOP WHILE INKEY$ = ""
END IF
SUB aa
INPUT "power source from electric utility: failure per year"; fpyu
INPUT "power source from electric utility: hours of downtime per failure"; hpfu
INPUT "protective relays: failure per year"; fpypr

INPUT "protective relays: hours of downtime per failure"; hpfpr
INPUT "metal clad circuit breakers (m.v.): failure per year"; fpycbm
INPUT "metal clad circuit breakers (m.v.): hours of downtime per failure"; hpfcbm
INPUT "switchgear businsulated: failure per year"; fpysbm
INPUT "switchgear businsulated: hours of downtime per failure"; hpfsbm
INPUT "m.v. cable: failure per year/1000 ft"; fpycm
INPUT "m.v. cable: distance in ft"; locm
INPUT "m.v. cable: hours of downtime per failure"; hpfcm
INPUT "cable termination: failure per year"; fpyctm
INPUT "cable termination: quantity"; qctm
INPUT "cable termination: hours of downtime per failure"; hpfctm
INPUT "disconnect switch: failure per year"; fpyds
INPUT "disconnect switch: hours of downtime per failure"; hpfds
INPUT "power transfo.: failure per year"; fpytr
INPUT "power transfo.: hours of downtime per failure"; hpftr
INPUT "l.v. circuit breakers (main + feeder): failure per year"; fpycbl
INPUT "l.v. circuit breakers (main + feeder): hours of downtime per failure"; hpfcbl
INPUT "switchgear busbare: failure per year"; fpysbl
INPUT "switchgear busbare: hours of downtime per failure"; hpfsbl
INPUT "l.v. cable: failure per year/1000 ft"; fpycl
INPUT "l.v. cable: distance in ft"; locl
INPUT "l.v. cable: hours of downtime per failure"; hpfcl
INPUT "cable termination (l.v.): failure per year"; fpyctl
INPUT "cable termination (l.v.): quantity"; qctl
INPUT "cable termination (l.v.): hours of downtime per failure"; hpfctl
INPUT "a factor to include for l.v. breakers failure while opening, enter 1 if to be included in the
calculations: "; cbof
IF cbof = 1 THEN
INPUT "quantity of breakers = "; cbofq
INPUT "percent of breakers failure while opening in % = "; cbofp
INPUT "circuit breakers: failure per year"; cboffpy
INPUT "circuit breakers: hours of downtime per failure"; cbofhpf
END IF
k1 = fpyu * hpfu
k2 = fpypr * hpfpr
k3 = fpycbm * hpfcbm
k4 = fpysbm * hpfsbm
k5 = fpycm * locm * hpfcm / 1000
k6 = fpyctm * qctm * hpfctm
k7 = fpyds * hpfds
k8 = fpytr * hpftr
k9 = fpycbl * hpfcbl
k10 = fpysbl * hpfsbl
k11 = fpycl * locl * hpfcl / 1000
k12 = fpyctl * qctl * hpfctl
k13 = cbofq * cbofp * cboffpy * cbofhpf

k = k1 + k2 + k3 + k4 + k5 + k6 + k7 + k8 + k9 + k10 + k11 + k12 + k13
INPUT "if reliability economics calculation is required, enter 1"; rec
IF rec = 1 THEN
INPUT " plant startup time, hours/failure"; pst
INPUT "revenues lost per hour of plant downtime, $/h"; rl
INPUT "variable expenses saved, $/h"; ves
INPUT "variable expenses incurred/failure"; vei
INPUT "total investment in electrical plant in $"; ti
INPUT "fixed investment charges, $/year"; fic
tfpy = fpyu + fpypr + fpycbm + fpysbm + (fpycm * locm / 1000) + (fpyctm * qctm) + fpyds + fpytr +
fpycbl + fpysbl + (fpycl * locl / 1000) + (fpyctl * qctl) + (cbofq * cbofp * cboffpy)
inter = (((k / tfpy) + pst) * (rl ves)) + vei
inter1 = inter * tfpy
inter2 = (ti * fic) + inter1
END IF
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the utility (power source) = "; k1
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the protective relays ="; k2
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the m.v. circuit breakers = "; k3
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the m.v. insulated bus = "; k4
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the m.v. cables = "; k5
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the cable terminations = "; k6
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the disconnect switch = "; k7
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the power transfo. = "; k8
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the l.v. c.b. (main + feeder) = "; k9
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the l.v. bare bus = "; k10
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the l.v. cables = "; k11
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the l.v. cable terminations = "; k12
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the breakers failing on opening = "; k13
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the above system = "; k
IF rec = 1 THEN
PRINT "minimum revenue requirement, $/year"; inter2
PRINT "failure rate per year = "; tfpy
END IF
INPUT "Project Name: ", projnam$
INPUT "Project Number: ", projnum$
INPUT "prepared by:", pb$
INPUT "date:", da$
INPUT "feeder no.: ", feedno$
INPUT "type of system:", busno$
INPUT "comments:", comment$
INPUT "type of fault", typef$
INPUT "if you want to append file enter 2 or overwrite it enter 1, your choice: ", opap
IF opap = 1 THEN
INPUT "filename to save this file under: ", filename$
OPEN filename$ FOR OUTPUT AS #1
PRINT #1, "Project Name:"; projnam$, "Prepared By: "; pb$

PRINT #1, "Project Number:"; projnum$, "Date: "; da$
PRINT #1, "feeder no.: ", feedno$
PRINT #1, "type of system:", busno$
PRINT #1, "comments:", comment$
PRINT #1, "forced hours of downtime/year"; k
IF rec = 1 THEN
PRINT #1, "minimum revenue requirement, $/year = "; inter2
PRINT #1, "failure rate per year = "; tfpy
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
IF opap = 2 THEN
OPEN filename$ FOR APPEND AS #1
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
END SUB
SUB bb
INPUT "switchover type: enter 1 for delayed and 2 for automatic transfer scheme:"; som
IF som = 1 THEN
INPUT "power source from electric utility: for loss of single circuit, failure per year"; fpyu1
INPUT "power source from electric utility: for loss of double circuit, failure per year"; fpyu2
INPUT "power source from electric utility: for loss of double circuit hours of downtime per failure";
hpfu2
INPUT "power source from electric utility: switchover time in minutes from source 1 to 2"; so12

IF cbof = 1 THEN
END IF
k1 = (fpyu1 fpyu2 + fpypr + fpycbm) * (so12 / 60)
k2 = fpyu2 * hpfu2
k3 = k1 + k2
k7 = fpyds * hpfds
k8 = fpytr * hpftr
k = k3 + k4 + k5 + k6 + k7 + k8 + k9 + k10 + k11 + k12 + k13
IF rec = 1 THEN

tfpy = fpyu1 fpyu2 + fpypr + fpycbm + fpysbm + (fpycm * locm / 1000) + (fpyctm * qctm) + fpyds +
fpytr + fpycbl + fpysbl + (fpycl * locl / 1000) + (fpyctl * qctl) + (cbofq * cbofp * cboffpy)
END IF
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year up to the load side of m.v. c.bs. = "; k3 + k4
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
INPUT "date:", da$
IF opap = 1 THEN
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF

IF opap = 2 THEN
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
END IF
IF som = 2 THEN
hpfu2

IF cbof = 1 THEN
END IF
k1 = (fpyu1 fpyu2 + fpypr + fpycbm) * (so12 / 60)
k2 = fpyu2 * hpfu2
k3 = k1 + k2
k7 = fpyds * hpfds
k8 = fpytr * hpftr
k = k3 + k4 + k5 + k6 + k7 + k8 + k9 + k10 + k11 + k12 + k13
IF rec = 1 THEN
tfpy = fpyu2 + fpysbm + (fpycm * locm / 1000) + (fpyctm * qctm) + fpyds + fpytr + fpycbl + fpysbl +
(fpycl * locl / 1000) + (fpyctl * qctl) + (cbofq * cbofp * cboffpy)
END IF
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year up to the load side of m.v. c.bs. = "; k3 + k4

IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
INPUT "date:", da$
IF opap = 1 THEN
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
IF opap = 2 THEN
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF

END IF
END SUB
SUB cc
IF som = 1 THEN
hpfu2
IF cbof = 1 THEN
END IF
k1 = ((fpyu1 fpyu2) * (so12 / 60)) + (fpyu2 * hpfu2)
k2 = fpypr * hpfpr

k7 = fpyds * hpfds
k8 = fpytr * hpftr
k = k1 + k2 + k3 + k4 + k5 + k6 + k7 + k8 + k9 + k10 + k11 + k12 + k13
IF rec = 1 THEN
tfpy = fpyu1 + fpypr + fpycbm + fpysbm + (fpycm * locm / 1000) + (fpyctm * qctm) + fpyds + fpytr +
END IF
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF

INPUT "date:", da$
IF opap = 1 THEN
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
IF opap = 2 THEN
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
END IF
IF som = 2 THEN
hpfu2

IF cbof = 1 THEN
END IF
k1 = ((fpyu1 fpyu2) * (so12 / 60)) + (fpyu2 * hpfu2)
k2 = fpypr * hpfpr
k7 = fpyds * hpfds
k8 = fpytr * hpftr
k = k1 + k2 + k3 + k4 + k5 + k6 + k7 + k8 + k9 + k10 + k11 + k12 + k13

IF rec = 1 THEN
tfpy = fpyu2 + fpypr + fpycbm + fpysbm + (fpycm * locm / 1000) + (fpyctm * qctm) + fpyds + fpytr +
END IF
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
INPUT "date:", da$
IF opap = 1 THEN

IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
IF opap = 2 THEN
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
END IF
END SUB
SUB dd
hpfu2

IF cbof = 1 THEN
END IF
k1 = (fpyu1 fpyu2 + fpypr + fpycbm + fpysbm + (fpycm * locm / 1000) + (fpyctm * qctm) + fpyds) *
(so12 / 60)
k2 = fpyu2 * hpfu2
k3 = k1 + k2
k8 = fpytr * hpftr
k = k1 + k2 + k8 + k9 + k10 + k11 + k12 + k13
IF rec = 1 THEN
fpytr + fpycbl + fpysbl + (fpycl * locl / 1000) + (fpyctl * qctl) + (cbofq * cbofp * cboffpy)
END IF

PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year up to the primary of the power transfo. = "; k3
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the loss of both power sources ="; k2
INPUT "date:", da$
IF opap = 1 THEN
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
IF opap = 2 THEN
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF

CLOSE #1
END IF
END SUB
SUB ee
IF som = 1 THEN
hpfu2
INPUT "l.v. circuit breakers (main) : failure per year"; fpycbl1
INPUT "l.v. circuit breakers (main): hours of downtime per failure"; hpfcbl1
INPUT "l.v. circuit breakers (feeder) : failure per year"; fpycbl
INPUT "l.v. circuit breakers (feeder): hours of downtime per failure"; hpfcbl
IF cbof = 1 THEN

END IF
k1 = (fpyu1 fpyu2 + fpytr + fpycbl1 + fpypr + fpycbm + fpysbm + (fpycm * locm / 1000) + (fpyctm *
qctm) + fpyds) * (so12 / 60)
k2 = fpyu2 * hpfu2
k3 = k1 + k2
k = k1 + k2 + k9 + k10 + k11 + k12 + k13
IF rec = 1 THEN
fpytr + fpycbl + fpycbl1 + fpysbl + (fpycl * locl / 1000) + (fpyctl * qctl) + (cbofq * cbofp * cboffpy)
END IF
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year up to the l.v. swgr bus = "; k3
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for loss of both power sources ="; k2
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the l.v. c.b. (feeder) = "; k9
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
INPUT "date:", da$

IF opap = 1 THEN
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
IF opap = 2 THEN
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
END IF
IF som = 2 THEN
hpfu2

INPUT "l.v. circuit breakers (main) : failure per year"; fpycbl1
INPUT "l.v. circuit breakers (main): hours of downtime per failure"; hpfcbl1
INPUT "l.v. circuit breakers (feeder) : failure per year"; fpycbl
INPUT "l.v. circuit breakers (feeder): hours of downtime per failure"; hpfcbl
IF cbof = 1 THEN
END IF
k1 = (fpyu1 fpyu2 + fpytr + fpycbl1 + fpypr + fpycbm + fpysbm + (fpycm * locm / 1000) + (fpyctm *
qctm) + fpyds) * (so12 / 60)
k2 = fpyu2 * hpfu2
k3 = k1 + k2
k = k1 + k2 + k9 + k10 + k11 + k12 + k13
IF rec = 1 THEN
tfpy = fpyu2 + fpycbl1 + fpysbl + (fpycl * locl / 1000) + (fpyctl * qctl) + (cbofq * cbofp * cboffpy)

END IF
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year up to the l.v. swgr bus = "; k3
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for loss of both power sources ="; k2
PRINT "forced hours of downtime/year for the l.v. c.b. (feeder) = "; k9
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
INPUT "date:", da$
IF opap = 1 THEN
IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
IF opap = 2 THEN

IF rec = 1 THEN
END IF
CLOSE #1
END IF
END IF
END SUB
SUB ff
PRINT "this module is not included in the program"
END SUB

contents

Appendix B
The following program is written in HTML/Javascript, it is for the fundamental power systems analysis
& calculations. It runs under Netscape Communicator, Firefox, Seamonkey, Epiphany, Flock or
Microsoft Explorer. It can be put on a server and accessed through the Internet. The calculations
included in this program are: Wyedelta conversion & vice versa, the equivalent of a few parallel
branches, matrix manipulation (2 by 2 & 3 by 3), simultaneous equations solution using triangular
factorization method, per unit calculations for certain configurations, Zbus modeling & Y bus
modeling.

<!doctype html public "//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
<head>
   <meta httpequiv="ContentType" content="text/html; charset=iso88591">
   <meta name="Author" content="Hany Kheir">
   <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.7 [en] (Win98; I) [Netscape]">
   <title>How to use off the shelf software packages to perform power systems
analysis</title>
</head>
<body>
<center><b>Appendix B</center></b>
The following program is written in HTML/Javascript, it is for the fundamental
power systems analysis & calculations. It runs under Netscape Communicator &
Microsoft Explorer. It can be put on a server and accessed through the Internet.
The calculations included in this program are: Wyedelta conversion & vice versa,

the equivalent of a few parallel branches, matrix manipulation (2 by 2 & 3 by 3),
simultaneous equations solution using triangular factorization method, per unit
calculations for certain configurations, Zbus modeling & Y bus modeling.

<br>Note: to view the source code, either use the browser menu or save the file and
then open it in any text editor program, like Wordpad for instance.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
   <META HTTPEQUIV="ContentType" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso88591">
   <META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Hany Kheir">
   <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Mozilla/4.01 [en] (Win95; I) [Netscape]">
   <TITLE>Fundamental Calculations</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<script language="javascript">
<!
function wyedelta () {
x=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].text0.value);
y=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].elements["text1"].value);
z=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].elements[2].value);
a=(x*y/z)+x+y;
b=(y*z/x)+y+z;
c=(x*z/y)+x+z;
this.document.forms[0].text3.value=a;
this.document.forms[0].text4.value=b;
this.document.forms[0].text5.value=c; }

function deltawye () {
x=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].text6.value);
y=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].elements["text7"].value);
z=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].elements[9].value);
a=(x*z)/(x+y+z);
b=(x*y)/(x+y+z);
c=(y*z)/(x+y+z);
this.document.forms[0].text9.value=a;
this.document.forms[0].text10.value=b;
this.document.forms[0].text11.value=c; }

function parallel(){
a=this.document.forms[0].tnope.value;
if (a==2){
b=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].par0.value);
c=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].par1.value);
aa=((1/b)+(1/c));
res=1/aa;
this.document.forms[0].pres0.value=a;
this.document.forms[0].pres1.value=res}
if (a==3){
d=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].par2.value);
aa=((1/b)+(1/c)+(1/d));
res=1/aa;
if (a==4){
e=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].par3.value);

aa=((1/b)+(1/c)+(1/d)+(1/e));
res=1/aa;
if (a==5){
f=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].par4.value);
aa=((1/b)+(1/c)+(1/d)+(1/e)+(1/f));
res=1/aa;
if (a==6){
g=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].par5.value);
aa=((1/b)+(1/c)+(1/d)+(1/e)+(1/f)+(1/g));
res=1/aa;
if (a==7){
h=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].par6.value);
aa=((1/b)+(1/c)+(1/d)+(1/e)+(1/f)+(1/g)+(1/h));
res=1/aa;
if (a==8){
i=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].par7.value);
aa=((1/b)+(1/c)+(1/d)+(1/e)+(1/f)+(1/g)+(1/h)+(1/i));
res=1/aa;
if (a==9){
i=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].par7.value);
j=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].par8.value);
aa=((1/b)+(1/c)+(1/d)+(1/e)+(1/f)+(1/g)+(1/h)+(1/i)+(1/j));

res=1/aa;
}
function matrix() {
a=this.document.forms[0].noroc.value;
if (a==2){
a11=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].mat0.value);
this.document.forms[0].mat2.value=0;
det = (a11*a22)(a12*a21) ;
b11 = a22/det ;
b12 = a12/det  ;
b21 = a21/det  ;
b22 = a11/det ;
this.document.forms[0].mat9.value=b11;
}
if (a==3){
det = (a11*(a22*a33a32*a23))(a12*(a21*a33a23*a31))+(a13*(a21*a32a22*a31)) ;
b11 = (a22*a33a23*a32)/det   ;
b12 = (a12*a33a13*a32)/det  ;
b13 = (a12*a23a13*a22)/det   ;
b21 = (a21*a33a31*a23)/det  ;
b22 = (a11*a33a13*a31)/det   ;
b23 = (a11*a23a13*a21)/det  ;
b31 = (a21*a32a31*a22)/det   ;
b32 = (a11*a32a12*a31)/det  ;
b33 = (a11*a22a21*a12)/det   ;
this.document.forms[0].mat17.value=b33;}
}

function simultaneous() {
a=this.document.forms[0].sen.value;
if (a==4){
a11=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].sim0.value);
m1=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].rhs0.value);
y110 = a11 / a11 ;
y120 = a12 / a11 ;
y130 = a13 / a11 ;
y140 = a14 / a11 ;
y220 = a22 (a21) * (a12) / (a11) ;
y230 = a23 (a21) * (a13) / (a11) ;
y240 = a24 (a21) * (a14) / a11   ;
y320 = a32 (a31) * (a12) / a11   ;
y330 = a33 (a31) * (a13) / a11   ;
y340 = a34 (a31) * (a14) / a11   ;
y420 = a42 (a41) * (a12) / a11   ;
y430 = a43 (a41) * (a13) / a11   ;
y440 = a44 (a41) * (a14) / a11   ;
y221 = y220 / y220  ;
y231 = y230 / y220  ;
y241 = y240 / y220  ;
y331 = y330 (y320) * (y230) / y220  ;
y341 = y340 (y320) * (y240) / y220  ;
y431 = y430 (y420) * (y230) / y220  ;
y441 = y440 (y420) * (y240) / y220  ;
y332 = y331 / y331  ;
y342 = y341 / y331  ;
y442 = y441 (y431) * (y341) / y331 ;
v1 = m1 / a11 ;
v2 = (m2 (v1) * (a21)) / y220   ;
v3 = (m3 (v1) * (a31) (y320) * (v2)) / y331    ;
v4 = (m4 (v1) * (a41) (y420) * (v2) (v3) * (y431)) / y442  ;
f4 = v4  ;
f3 = (v3 ((y342) * (f4)))  ;
f2 = (v2 ((y231) * (f3)) ((y241) * (f4)))  ;
f1 = (v1 ((y120) * (f2)) ((y130) * (f3)) ((y140) * (f4)));
this.document.forms[0].sres0.value=f1;
}
if (a==5){

y110 = a11 / a11 ;
y120 = a12 / a11  ;
y130 = a13 / a11  ;
y140 = a14 / a11  ;
y150 = a15 / a11  ;
y220 = a22 (a21) * (a12) / (a11) ;
y230 = a23 (a21) * (a13) / (a11) ;
y240 = a24 (a21) * (a14) / a11  ;
y250 = a25 (a21) * (a15) / a11  ;
y320 = a32 (a31) * (a12) / a11  ;
y330 = a33 (a31) * (a13) / a11  ;
y340 = a34 (a31) * (a14) / a11  ;
y350 = a35 (a31) * (a15) / a11  ;
y420 = a42 (a41) * (a12) / a11  ;
y430 = a43 (a41) * (a13) / a11  ;
y440 = a44 (a41) * (a14) / a11  ;
y450 = a45 (a41) * (a15) / a11  ;
y520 = a52 (a51) * (a12) / a11  ;
y530 = a53 (a51) * (a13) / a11  ;
y540 = a54 (a51) * (a14) / a11  ;
y550 = a55 (a51) * (a15) / a11  ;
y221 = y220 / y220  ;
y231 = y230 / y220  ;
y241 = y240 / y220  ;
y251 = y250 / y220  ;
y331 = y330 (y320) * (y230) / y220  ;
y341 = y340 (y320) * (y240) / y220  ;
y351 = y350 (y320) * (y250) / y220  ;
y431 = y430 (y420) * (y230) / y220  ;
y441 = y440 (y420) * (y240) / y220  ;
y451 = y450 (y420) * (y250) / y220  ;
y531 = y530 (y520) * (y230) / y220  ;

y541 = y540 (y520) * (y240) / y220  ;
y551 = y550 (y520) * (y250) / y220  ;
y332 = y331 / y331  ;
y342 = y341 / y331  ;
y352 = y351 / y331  ;
y442 = y441 (y431) * (y341) / y331  ;
y452 = y451 (y431) * (y351) / y331  ;
y542 = y541 (y531) * (y341) / y331  ;
y552 = y551 (y531) * (y351) / y331  ;
y443 = y442 / y442  ;
y453 = y452 / y442  ;
y553 = y552 (y542) * (y452) / y442  ;
v1 = m1 / a11 ;
v2 = (m2 (v1) * (a21)) / y220   ;
v3 = (m3 (v1) * (a31) (y320) * (v2)) / y331    ;
v4 = (m4 (v1) * (a41) (y420) * (v2) (v3) * (y431)) / y442  ;
v5 = (m5 (v1) * (a51) (y520) * (v2) (v3) * (y531) (v4) * (y542)) / y553;
f5 = v5 ;
f4 = (v4 ((y453) * (f5))) ;
f3 = (v3 ((y342) * (f4)) ((y352) * (f5)))  ;
f2 = (v2 ((y231) * (f3)) ((y241) * (f4)) ((y251) * (f5)))  ;
f1 = (v1 ((y120) * (f2)) ((y130) * (f3)) ((y140) * (f4)) ((y150) * (f5)));
}
}
function pu1() {
z1=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit0.value);
z2=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit1.value);
prim1=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit2.value);
sec1=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit3.value);
mva1=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit4.value);
reactl1=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit7.value);
react1=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit6.value);
bv = parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit22.value);
pf = parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit21.value);
mw =parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit20.value);
lreact1=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit11.value);
lmva1=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit12.value);
lkv1=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit13.value);
ib=z2*1000/(z1*1.7320508);
vb1 = z1 * sec1 / (prim1);
ib1 = (z2 * 1000) / (vb1 * 1.7320508);
reactpu1 = react1 * (z2 / mva1) * ((prim1 / z1) * (prim1 / z1) );
reactlpu = (reactl1) * (z2) / ((vb1) * (vb1));
reaclpu1 = (reactl2) * (z2) / ((vb1) * (vb1));
load1pu = lreact1 * (z2 / lmva1) * ((lkv1 / vb1) * (lkv1/vb1));

puvfll= bv / vb1;
pucfll=(mw * (1000) / (1.732 * bv * pf)) / ib1;
this.document.forms[0].peres0.value=ib;
this.document.forms[0].peres1.value=vb1;
this.document.forms[0].peres2.value=ib1;
this.document.forms[0].peres3.value=reactpu1;
this.document.forms[0].peres4.value=reactlpu;
this.document.forms[0].peres5.value=reaclpu1;
this.document.forms[0].peres8.value=load1pu;
this.document.forms[0].peres11.value=puvfll;
this.document.forms[0].peres12.value=pucfll;
}

function pu2() {
a1=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit23.value);
a2=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit24.value);
vb1 = a1 * sec1 / (prim1);
vb2 = vb1 * sec2 / (prim2);
ib1 = (a2 * 1000) / (vb1 * 1.7320508);
ib2 = (a2 * 1000) / (vb2 * 1.7320508);
reactlpu = (reactl1) * (a2) / ((vb1) * (vb1));
load1pu = lreact1 * (a2 / lmva1) * ((lkv1 / vb2) * (lkv1 / vb2));
reactpu1 = react1 * (a2 / mva1) * ((prim1 / a1) * (prim1 / a1));
reactpu2 = react2 * (a2 / mva2) * ((prim2 / vb1) * (prim2 / vb1));
puvfll=bv / vb2;
pucfll=(mw * (1000) / (1.732 * bv * pf)) / ib2;

this.document.forms[0].peres23.value=puvfll;
this.document.forms[0].peres24.value=pucfll;
}

function pu4(){
b1=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit46.value);
b2=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit47.value);
mw1 =parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit87.value);
pf1 = parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit88.value);
bv1 = parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].perunit89.value);
vb1 = b1 * sec1 / (prim1);
ib1 = (b2 * 1000) / (vb1 * 1.7320508);
ib2 = (b2 * 1000) / (vb2 * 1.7320508);
ib3 = (b2 * 1000) / (vb3 * 1.7320508);
ib4 = (b2 * 1000) / (vb4 * 1.7320508);

reactlpu = (reactl1) * (b2) / ((vb1) * (vb1));
reaclpu2 = (reactl2) * (b2) / ((vb3) * (vb3));
reacpu11 = react1 * (b2 / mva1) * ((prim1 / b1) *(prim1 / b1));
reacpu21 = react2 * (b2 / mva2) * ((prim2 / vb1) *(prim2 / vb1));
load1pu = lreact1 * (b2 / lmva1) * ((lkv1 / vb2) *(lkv1 / vb2));
puvfll2= bv / vb2;
pucfll2= (mw * (1000) / (1.732 * bv * pf)) / ib2;
load1pu1 = lreact11 * (b2 / lmva11) * ((lkv11 / vb4) *(lkv11 / vb4));
puvfll4= bv1 / vb4;
pucfll4=(mw1 * (1000) / (1.732 * bv1 * pf1)) / ib4;
this.document.forms[0].peres35.value=reacpu11;
this.document.forms[0].peres42.value=puvfll2;
this.document.forms[0].peres43.value=pucfll2;
this.document.forms[0].peres44.value=load1pu1;
this.document.forms[0].peres47.value=puvfll4;
this.document.forms[0].peres48.value=pucfll4;
}

function zybus0() {
x01=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].zbus0.value);
xx12=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].zbus3.value);
x11 = x01;
x12 = x11;
x21 = x12;
x22 = x01 + xx12;

if (x02>0) {
x11p = x11;
x12p = x12;
x21p = x21;
x22p = x22;

xp1 = x21;
xp2 = x22;
xpp = x02 + x22;
x1p = x12;
x2p = x22;
x111 = x11p ((x1p) * (xp1) / (xpp));
x121 = x12p ((x1p) * (xp2) / (xpp));
x211 = x21p ((x2p) * (xp1) / (xpp));
x221 = x22p ((x2p) * (xp2) / (xpp));
x131 = x121;
x231 = x221;
x311 = x211;
x321 = x221;
x331 = x221 + xx23;
x11b = x111;
x12b = x121;
x13b = x131;
x21b = x211;
x22b = x221;
x23b = x231;
x31b = x311;
x32b = x321;
x33b = x331;}

if (x02==0) {
x31 = x21;
x32 = x22;
x33 = xx23 + x22;
x13 = x12;
x23 = x22;
x11b = x11;
x12b = x12;
x13b = x13;
x21b = x21;
x22b = x22;
x23b = x23;
x31b = x31;
x32b = x32;
x33b = x33;}

if ((xx42>0) && (x03>0)) {
x11p1 = x11b;
x12p1 = x12b;
x13p1 = x13b;
x21p1 = x21b;
x22p1 = x22b;
x23p1 = x23b;
x31p1 = x31b;
x32p1 = x32b;
x33p1 = x33b;
xp12 = x31b;
xp22 = x32b;
xp32 = x33b;
xpp1 = x03 + x33b;
x1p2 = x13b;
x2p2 = x23b;
x3p2 = x33b;
x112 = x11p1 ((x1p2) * (xp12) / (xpp1));
x122 = x12p1 ((x1p2) * (xp22) / (xpp1));
x132 = x13p1 ((x1p2) * (xp32) / (xpp1));
x212 = x21p1 ((x2p2) * (xp12) / (xpp1));

x222 = x22p1 ((x2p2) * (xp22) / (xpp1));
x232 = x23p1 ((x2p2) * (xp32) / (xpp1));
x312 = x31p1 ((x3p2) * (xp12) / (xpp1));
x322 = x32p1 ((x3p2) * (xp22) / (xpp1));
x332 = x33p1 ((x3p2) * (xp32) / (xpp1));
x142 = x132;
x242 = x232;
x342 = x332;
x412 = x312;
x422 = x322;
x432 = x332;
x442 = x332 + xx34;
x1p3 = x122 x142;
x2p3 = x222 x242;
x3p3 = x322 x342;
x4p3 = x422 x442;
xp13 = x1p3;
xp23 = x2p3;
xp33 = x3p3;
xp43 = x4p3;
xpp3 = x222 + x442 2 * (x242) + xx42;
x11f = x112 (x1p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3);
x12f = x122 (x1p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3);
x13f = x132 (x1p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3);
x14f = x142 (x1p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3);
x21f = x212 (x2p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3);
x22f = x222 (x2p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3);
x23f = x232 (x2p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3);
x24f = x242 (x2p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3);
x31f = x312 (x3p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3);
x32f = x322 (x3p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3);
x33f = x332 (x3p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3);
x34f = x342 (x3p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3);
x41f = x412 (x4p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3);
x42f = x422 (x4p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3);
x43f = x432 (x4p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3);
x44f = x442 (x4p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3);}

if ((xx42>0) && (x03==0)) {
x11d = x11;
x12d = x12;
x13d = x13;
x14d = x13;
x21d = x21;
x22d = x22;
x23d = x23;
x24d = x23;
x31d = x31;
x32d = x32;
x33d = x33;
x34d = x33;
x41d = x31;
x42d = x32;
x43d = x33;
x44d = x33 + xx34;
x1p3 = x12d x14d;
x2p3 = x22d x24d;
x3p3 = x32d x34d;
x4p3 = x42d x44d;
xp13 = x1p3;
xp23 = x2p3;

xp33 = x3p3;
xp43 = x4p3;
xpp3 = x22d + x44d 2 * (x24d) + xx42;
x11f = x11d (x1p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3);
x12f = x12d (x1p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3);
x13f = x13d (x1p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3);
x14f = x14d (x1p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3);
x21f = x21d (x2p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3);
x22f = x22d (x2p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3);
x23f = x23d (x2p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3);
x24f = x24d (x2p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3);
x31f = x31d (x3p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3);
x32f = x32d (x3p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3);
x33f = x33d (x3p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3);
x34f = x34d (x3p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3);
x41f = x41d (x4p3) * (xp13) / (xpp3);
x42f = x42d (x4p3) * (xp23) / (xpp3);
x43f = x43d (x4p3) * (xp33) / (xpp3);
x44f = x44d (x4p3) * (xp43) / (xpp3);}

if (xx41>0) {
x1p4 = x11f x14f;
x2p4 = x21f x24f;
x3p4 = x31f x34f;
x4p4 = x41f x44f;
xp14 = x1p4;
xp24 = x2p4;
xp34 = x3p4;
xp44 = x4p4;
xpp4 = x11f + x44f 2 * (x14f) + xx41;
x11f1 = x11f (x1p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4);
x12f1 = x12f (x1p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4);
x13f1 = x13f (x1p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4);
x14f1 = x14f (x1p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4);
x21f1 = x21f (x2p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4);
x22f1 = x22f (x2p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4);
x23f1 = x23f (x2p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4);
x24f1 = x24f (x2p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4);
x31f1 = x31f (x3p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4);
x32f1 = x32f (x3p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4);
x33f1 = x33f (x3p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4);
x34f1 = x34f (x3p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4);
x41f1 = x41f (x4p4) * (xp14) / (xpp4);
x42f1 = x42f (x4p4) * (xp24) / (xpp4);
x43f1 = x43f (x4p4) * (xp34) / (xpp4);
x44f1 = x44f (x4p4) * (xp44) / (xpp4);
this.document.forms[0].zbus8.value=x11f1;

this.document.forms[0].zbus23.value=x44f1;}

if (xx41==0) {
this.document.forms[0].zbus8.value=x11f;
this.document.forms[0].zbus23.value=x44f;}
}

function zybus1() {
r12=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].rbus0.value);
x12=parseFloat(this.document.forms[0].xbus0.value);

z12 = Math.sqrt ((r12 * r12) + (x12 * x12))
z13 = Math.sqrt ((r13 * r13) + (x13 * x13))
z24 = Math.sqrt ((r24 * r24) + (x24 * x24))
z34 = Math.sqrt ((r34 * r34) + (x34 * x34))
an12 = Math.atan(x12 / r12)
y12 = 1 / z12
y13 = 1 / z13
y24 = 1 / z24
y34 = 1 / z34
g12 = y12 * Math.cos(an12)
b12 = y12 * Math.sin(an12)
gb11 = g12 + g13
gb22 = g24 + g12
gb33 = g34 + g13
gb44 = g34 + g24
gb12 = g12
gb21 = g12
gb13 = g13
gb31 = g13
gb24 = g24
gb42 = g24

gb34 = g34
gb43 = g34
bb11 = b12 + b13
bb22 = b24 + b12
bb33 = b34 + b13
bb44 = b34 + b24
bb12 = b12
bb21 = b12
bb13 = b13
bb31 = b13
bb24 = b24
bb42 = b24
bb34 = b34
bb43 = b34
gb14=bb14=0;
gb41=bb41=0;
gb23=bb23=0;
gb32=bb32=0;

this.document.forms[0].gbus0.value=gb11;
this.document.forms[0].bbus0.value=bb11;
}

//></script>
<CENTER><B><U><FONT COLOR="#000066"><FONT SIZE=+2>The Power Systems Analysis
Tools</FONT></FONT></U></B></CENTER>

<CENTER><B><U><FONT COLOR="#000066"><FONT SIZE=+2></FONT></FONT></U></B></CENTER>

<CENTER><a href="epdmis00.htm" onmouseover="window.status='click to go to the

EPDMIS page';return true" onmouseout="window.status='';return true"><IMG
SRC="epdmis01.gif" alt="click to go to EPDMIS page" HEIGHT=124
WIDTH=336></a></CENTER>

<CENTER><IMG SRC="fabcalc.gif" HEIGHT=62 WIDTH=319></CENTER>
 
<TABLE BORDER COLS=6 WIDTH="100%" >
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC"><a href="#wyedelta">Wye/Delta conversion and vice
versa.</a></TD>

<TD BGCOLOR="#FF6666"><a href="#parallel">The equivalent of  few parallel
branches.</a></TD>

<TD BGCOLOR="#FFCC33"><a href="#matrix">Matrix manipulation (2 by 2 & 3 x 3).</
a></TD>

<TD BGCOLOR="#FFFF99"><a href="#simultaneous">Simultaneous equations
solution.</a></TD>

<TD BGCOLOR="#66FFFF"><a href="#perunit">Per unit calc. for 1,2,4 & 6
Transformers</a></TD>

<TD BGCOLOR="#FF99FF"><a href="#zybus">Zbus and Ybus calculations.</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

 
<form>
<UL>
<LI>
<a name="wyedelta">Wye to Delta and vice versa transformation:</a><br>
<u>Wye to delta:</u><br>Element 1n:<input name = "text0" size=11 type="text"
value="X,R or Z1n">Element 2n:<input name = "text1" type="text" size=11
value="X,R or Z2n">Element 3n:<input name = "text2" type="text" size=11
value="X,R or Z3n"><br>
<img src="wyedelta.gif">
<input type="button" value="click to obtain the results" onclick="wyedelta()"><br>
<b><i>The values of the elements of the equivalent DELTA:<br>
Element 12:<input name = "text3" size=11 type="text" value="">Element 23:<input
name = "text4" type="text" size=11 value="">Element 13:<input name = "text5"
type="text" size=11 value=""></b></i><br>

<u>Delta to wye:</u><br>Element 12:<input name = "text6" size=11 type="text"
value="X,R or Z12">Element 23:<input name = "text7" type="text" size=11
value="X,R or Z23">Element 31:<input name = "text8" type="text" size=11
value="X,R or Z31"><br>
<input type="button" value="click to obtain the results" onclick="deltawye()"><br>
<b><i>The values of the elements of the equivalent Wye:<br>
Element 1n:<input name = "text9" size=11 type="text" value="">Element 2n:<input
name = "text10" type="text" size=11 value="">Element 3n:<input name = "text11"
type="text" size=11 value=""></b></i><br>
<hr size=1 width="50%"><br>
</LI>
<li><a name="parallel">The equivalent of a few parallel branches (resistance or
reactance elements):</a><br>
The Total Number of the parallel elements<input name="tnope" size=5 type="text"
value="2"<br>

<br>First element:<input name = "par0" size=11 type="text" value="1">Second
element:<input name = "par1" type="text" size=11 value="1">Third element:<input
name = "par2" type="text" size=11 value="1"><br>
Fourth element:<input name = "par3" size=11 type="text" value="1">Fifth
element:<input name = "par4" type="text" size=11 value="1">Sixth element:<input
Seventh element:<input name = "par6" size=11 type="text" value="1">Eighth
element:<input name = "par7" type="text" size=11 value="1">Nineth element:<input
<input type="button" value="click to obtain the result" onclick="parallel()"><br>
The equivalent of the<input name = "pres0" size=3 type="text"
value="">elements:<input name = "pres1" type="text" size=11 value="1"><br>

</li>
<li><a name="matrix">The inversion of a matrix (2 by 2 & 3 by 3):</a><br>
The Number of rows or columns in the square matrix, enter 2 or 3:<input
name="noroc" size=3 type="text" value="2"<br>
<br>a11 (for 2x2 or 3x3):<input name = "mat0" size=7 type="text" value="1">a12 (for
2x2 or 3x3):<input name = "mat1" type="text" size=7 value="1">a13 (for 3x3
only):<input name = "mat2" type="text" size=7 value="1"><br>
<br>a31 (for 3x3 only):<input name = "mat6" size=7 type="text" value="1">a32 (for
3x3 only):<input name = "mat7" type="text" size=7 value="1">a33 (for 3x3

<input type="button" value="click to obtain the inverted matrix"
onclick="matrix()"><br>
<br>a21 (for 2x2 or 3x3):<input name = "mat12" size=7 type="text" value="1">a22
(for 2x2 or 3x3):<input name = "mat13" type="text" size=7 value="1">a13 (for 3x3
<br>a31 (for 3x3 only):<input name = "mat15" size=7 type="text" value="1">a32 (for
3x3 only):<input name = "mat16" type="text" size=7 value="1">a33 (for 3x3
</li>
<li><a name="simultaneous">Simultaneous equations solution (4 or 5
equations):</a><br>

The Number of equations, enter 4 or 5:<input name="sen" size=3 type="text"
value="4"<br>
<br>a11:<input name = "sim0" size=5 type="text" value="1">a12:<input name = "sim1"
type="text" size=5 value="1">a13:<input name = "sim2" type="text" size=5 value="1">
a14:<input name = "sim3" size=5 type="text" value="1">a15 (for 5 eq. only):<input
name = "sim4" type="text" size=7 value="1"><br>
a21:<input name = "sim5" size=5 type="text" value="1">a22:<input name = "sim6"
type="text" size=5 value="1">a23:<input name = "sim7" type="text" size=5 value="1">
type="text" size=5 value="1">a33:<input name = "sim12" type="text" size=5
value="1">


value="1">
value="1">

Right hand side of eq.1:<input name = "rhs0" size=5 type="text" value="1">R.H.S. of
eq. 2:<input name = "rhs1" type="text" size=5 value="1">R.H.S of eq. 3:<input name
= "rhs2" type="text" size=5 value="1"><br>
R.H.S. of 4:<input name = "rhs3" size=5 type="text" value="1">R.H.S. of 5 (for 5
eq. only):<input name = "rhs4" type="text" size=7 value="1"><br>
<input type="button" value="click to obtain the solution"
onclick="simultaneous()"><br>
X1:<input name = "sres0" size=5 type="text" value="1">X2:<input name = "sres1"
type="text" size=5 value="1">X3:<input name = "sres2" type="text" size=5 value="1">
X4:<input name = "sres3" size=5 type="text" value="1">X5 (for 5 eq. only):<input
name = "sres4" type="text" size=7 value="1"><br>
</li>

<li><a name="perunit">Per unit calculation (1,2,4 or 6 transformers):</a><br>
<p><b>*** One transformer</b></p>Base voltage,KV,at primary of the
transformer:<input name = "perunit0" size=5 type="text" value="220">Base MVA of the
system:<input name = "perunit1" type="text" size=5 value="100">
Primary volt. in KV of the transformer:<input name = "perunit2" size=5 type="text"
value="220">Secondary volt. of transformer in KV:<input name = "perunit3"
type="text" size=5 value="25"><br>
MVA of the transf.:<input name = "perunit4" size=5 type="text" value="100"># of
buses on sec. of trannsfo. including the sec. bus:<input name = "perunit5"
Per unit reactance of the transformer :<input name = "perunit6" size=5 type="text"
value=".1">Line reactance in ohms bet. bus 1 & 2:<input name = "perunit7"
Line reactance in ohms bet. bus 2 & 3:<input name = "perunit8" size=5 type="text"
value="50">Line reactance in ohms bet. bus 3 & 4:<input name = "perunit9"

Line reactance in ohms bet. bus 4 & 5:<input name = "perunit10" type="text" size=5
value="50"><br>
Load 1 reactance in pu, if present:<input name = "perunit11" type="text" size=5
value=".25">Load 1 MVA rating, if present:<input name = "perunit12" type="text"
size=5 value="5"><br>
Load 1 volt. rating in KV, if present:<input name = "perunit13" type="text" size=5
value="25">Load 2 reactance in pu, if present:<input name = "perunit14" type="text"
size=5 value=".25"><br>
Load 2 MVA rating, if present:<input name = "perunit15" type="text" size=5
value="25">Load 2 KV rating, if present:<input name = "perunit16" type="text"
Load 3 KV rating, if present:<input name = "perunit19" type="text" size=5
value="25">Heating & lighting load MW, if available:<input name = "perunit20"

Power factor of heating & lighting loads:<input name = "perunit21" type="text"
size=5 value=".95">Bus voltage in KV:<input name = "perunit22" type="text" size=5
value="5"><br>
<p align=center><u>ALL LOADS ARE ASSUMED TO BE CONNECTED TO BUS 1 (THE SECONDARY OF
THE TRANSFORMER)</u></p>
<input type="button" value="click to obtain the solution" onclick="pu1()"><br>
Base current on prim. of transfo. in Amps.:<input name = "peres0" size=5
type="text" value="1">Base volt. on the sec. of transfo.:<input name = "peres1"
Base current on transfo. sec.:<input name = "peres2" type="text" size=5
value="1">Transfo. pu reactance<input name = "peres3" size=5 type="text"
value="1"><br>
Line 1 reactance pu:<input name = "peres4" type="text" size=7 value="1">Line 2
react. pu:<input name = "peres5" type="text" size=7 value="1"><br>
Line 3 reactance pu:<input name = "peres6" type="text" size=7 value="1">Line 4

Load 1 reactance pu:<input name = "peres8" type="text" size=7 value="1">Load 2
Load 3 reactance pu:<input name = "peres10" type="text" size=7 value="1">Lighting
load volt in pu:<input name = "peres11" type="text" size=7 value="1"><br>
Lighting load current in pu:<input name = "peres12" type="text" size=7
value="1"><br>

<p><b>*** Two transformers</b></p>Base voltage,KV,at primary of the
transformer:<input name = "perunit23" size=5 type="text" value="220">Base MVA of
the system:<input name = "perunit24" type="text" size=5 value="100">
Primary volt. in KV of the 1<sup>st</sup> transfo.:<input name = "perunit25" size=5
type="text" value="220">Secondary volt. of 1<sup>st</sup> transfo. in KV:<input
name = "perunit26" type="text" size=5 value="25"><br>

MVA of 1<sup>st</sup> transf.:<input name = "perunit27" size=5 type="text"
value="100">Per unit reactance of the 1<sup>st</sup> transfo.:<input name =
"perunit28" type="text" size=5 value="5"><br>
Primary volt. in KV of 2<sup>nd</sup> transformer:<input name = "perunit29" size=5
type="text" value=".1">Secondary volt. of 2<sup>nd</sup> transfo. in KV:<input name
= "perunit30" type="text" size=5 value="50"><br>

MVA of 2<sup>nd</sup> transfo.:<input name = "perunit31" size=5 type="text"
value="100">Per unit reactance of the 2<sup>nd</sup> transfo.:<input name =
Line reactance in ohms (bet. sec. of transfo. 1 and prim. of transfo. 2):<input
Load 1 volt. rating in KV, if present:<input name = "perunit36" type="text" size=5
value="25">Load 2 reactance in pu, if present:<input name = "perunit37" type="text"
size=5 value=".25"><br>

Load 2 MVA rating, if present:<input name = "perunit38" type="text" size=5
value="25">Load 2 KV rating, if present:<input name = "perunit39" type="text"
Load 3 KV rating, if present:<input name = "perunit42" type="text" size=5
value="25">Heating & lighting load MW, if available:<input name = "perunit43"

value="5"><br>
<p align=center><u>ALL LOADS ARE ASSUMED TO BE CONNECTED TO THE SECONDARY OF THE
FIRST TRANSFORMER</u></p>

Base current on 1<sup>st</sup> transfo. sec. in Amps.:<input name = "peres13"
size=5 type="text" value="1">Base volt. on sec. of 1<sup>st</sup> transfo.:<input
name = "peres14" type="text" size=5 value="1"><br>
Base current on 2<sup>nd</sup> transfo. sec.:<input name = "peres15" type="text"
size=5 value="1">Base volt. on sec. of 2<sup>nd</sup> transfo.:<input name =
"peres16" size=5 type="text" value="1"><br>

Line reactance in pu:<input name = "peres17" type="text" size=7 value="1"><br>
1<sup>st</sup> transfo. reactance in pu:<input name = "peres18" type="text" size=7
value="1">2<sup>nd</sup> transfo. reactance in pu:<input name = "peres19"
Load 1 reactance pu:<input name = "peres20" type="text" size=7 value="1">Load 2

value="1"><br>

<p><b>*** Four transformers</b></p>Base voltage,KV,at primary of the 1
<sup>st</sup> transfo.:<input name = "perunit46" size=5 type="text"
value="220">Base MVA of the system:<input name = "perunit47" type="text" size=5
value="100">
Primary volt. in KV of the 1<sup>st</sup> transfo.:<input name = "perunit48" size=5
type="text" value="220">Secondary volt. of 1<sup>st</sup> transfo. in KV:<input

MVA of 1<sup>st</sup> transf.:<input name = "perunit50" size=5 type="text"
value="100">Per unit reactance of the 1<sup>st</sup> transfo.:<input name =
Primary volt. in KV of 2<sup>nd</sup> transformer:<input name = "perunit52" size=5
type="text" value=".1">Secondary volt. of 2<sup>nd</sup> transfo. in KV:<input name

MVA of 2<sup>nd</sup> transfo.:<input name = "perunit54" size=5 type="text"
value="100">Per unit reactance of the 2<sup>nd</sup> transfo.:<input name =
Primary volt. in KV of the 3<sup>rd</sup> transfo.:<input name = "perunit56" size=5
type="text" value="220">Secondary volt. of 3<sup>rd</sup> transfo. in KV:<input

MVA of 3<sup>rd</sup> transf.:<input name = "perunit58" size=5 type="text"
value="100">Per unit reactance of the 3<sup>rd</sup> transfo.:<input name =
Primary volt. in KV of 4<sup>th</sup> transformer:<input name = "perunit60" size=5
type="text" value=".1">Secondary volt. of 4<sup>th</sup> transfo. in KV:<input name

MVA of 4<sup>th</sup> transfo.:<input name = "perunit62" size=5 type="text"
value="100">Per unit reactance of the 4<sup>th</sup> transfo.:<input name =

Reactance of 1<sup>st</sup> line in ohms (bet. sec. of transfo. 1 and prim. of
transfo. 2):<input name = "perunit64" type="text" size=5 value="50"><br>
Reactance of 2<sup>nd</sup> line in ohms (bet. sec. of transfo. 3 and prim. of
transfo. 4):<input name = "perunit65" type="text" size=5 value="50"><br>

Load 1 react. @ sec. bus of transfo. 2 in pu:<input name = "perunit66" type="text"
size=5 value=".25">Load 1 MVA rating:<input name = "perunit67" type="text" size=5
value="5"><br>
Load 1 volt. rating in KV:<input name = "perunit68" type="text" size=5
value="25">Load 2 react. @ sec. bus of transfo. 2:<input name = "perunit69"
type="text" size=5 value=".25"><br>
Load 2 MVA rating:<input name = "perunit70" type="text" size=5
value="25">      Load 2 KV rating:<input name =
Load 3 react.@ sec. bus of transfo. 2 in pu:<input name = "perunit72" type="text"
size=5 value=".25">      Load 3 MVA rating:<input
Load 3 KV rating:<input name = "perunit74" type="text" size=5 value="25">Heating &
lighting load MW, if available:<input name = "perunit75" type="text" size=5
value="1"><br>
value="5"><br>

Load 1 react. @ sec. bus of transfo. 4 in pu:<input name = "perunit78" type="text"
size=5 value=".25">Load 1 MVA rating:<input name = "perunit79" type="text" size=5
value="5"><br>
Load 1 volt. rating in KV:<input name = "perunit80" type="text" size=5
value="25">Load 2 react. @ sec. bus of transfo. 4:<input name = "perunit81"
type="text" size=5 value=".25"><br>
Load 2 MVA rating:<input name = "perunit82" type="text" size=5
value="25">      Load 2 KV rating:<input name =
Load 3 react.@ sec. bus of transfo. 4 in pu:<input name = "perunit84" type="text"
size=5 value=".25">      Load 3 MVA rating:<input
Load 3 KV rating:<input name = "perunit86" type="text" size=5 value="25">Heating &
lighting load MW, if available:<input name = "perunit87" type="text" size=5
value="1"><br>
value="5"><br>

<p align=center><u>LOADS ARE ASSUMED TO BE CONNECTED TO THE SECONDARY OF THE SECOND
& FOURTH TRANSFORMERS</u></p>
Base current on 1<sup>st</sup> transfo. sec. in Amps.:<input name = "peres25"
size=5 type="text" value="1">Base volt. on sec. of 1<sup>st</sup> transfo.:<input
Base current on 2<sup>nd</sup> transfo. sec.:<input name = "peres27" type="text"
size=5 value="1">Base volt. on sec. of 2<sup>nd</sup> transfo.:<input name =

Base current on 3<sup>rd</sup> transfo. sec. in Amps.:<input name = "peres29"
size=5 type="text" value="1">Base volt. on sec. of 3<sup>rd</sup> transfo.:<input
Base current on 4<sup>th</sup> transfo. sec.:<input name = "peres31" type="text"
size=5 value="1">Base volt. on sec. of 4<sup>th</sup> transfo.:<input name =

Line reactance between sec. of transfo. 1 & prim. of transfo. 2 in pu:<input name =
"peres33" type="text" size=7 value="1"><br>
Line reactance between sec. of transfo. 3 & prim. of transfo. 4 in pu:<input name =
"peres34" type="text" size=7 value="1"><br>
1<sup>st</sup> transfo. reactance in pu:<input name = "peres35" type="text" size=7
value="1">2<sup>nd</sup> transfo. reactance in pu:<input name = "peres36"
3<sup>rd</sup> transfo. reactance in pu:<input name = "peres37" type="text" size=7
value="1">4<sup>th</sup> transfo. reactance in pu:<input name = "peres38"

Load 1 react. on sec. of transfo. 2 pu:<input name = "peres39" type="text" size=7
value="1">Load 2 react. pu:<input name = "peres40" type="text" size=7
value="1"><br>
value="1"><br>
Load 1 react. on sec. of transfo. 4 pu:<input name = "peres44" type="text" size=7
value="1">Load 2 react. pu:<input name = "peres45" type="text" size=7
value="1"><br>
value="1"><br>

<p align="center"><b>*** Six transformers:
</b><i>       NOT IMPLEMENTED YET</i><br>
<hr size=1 width="100%"><br></p>
</li>
<li><a name="zybus"><p><b>**Zbus for 4bus network</b></p>Reactance between node 0
(reference node) & bus 1 = <input name = "zbus0" type="text" size=5 value="1"><br>
React. between node 0 & bus 2 = <input name = "zbus1" type="text" size=5
value="1">  React. between node 0 & bus 3 = <input name = "zbus2"
React. between bus 1 & 2 = <input name = "zbus3" type="text" size=5

React. between bus 3 & 4 = <input name = "zbus5" type="text" size=5
React. between bus 4 & 1 = <input name = "zbus7" type="text" size=5 value="1"><br>
<input type="button" value="click to get the Zbus matrix" onclick="zybus0()"><br>
Z11 = <input name = "zbus8" type="text" size=5 value="1">  Z12 = <input
name = "zbus9" type="text" size=5 value="1">  Z13 = <input name =
"zbus10" type="text" size=5 value="1">  Z14 = <input name = "zbus11"


<p><b>**Ybus for 4bus network</b></p>Resistance between bus 1 & 2= <input name =
"rbus0" type="text" size=5 value="1">Reactance between bus 1 & 2= <input name =
"xbus0" type="text" size=5 value="1"><br>

Resistance between bus 1 & bus 3 = <input name = "rbus1" type="text" size=5
value="1">  Reactance between bus 1 & 3 = <input name = "xbus1"
<input type="button" value="click to get the Ybus matrix" onclick="zybus1()"><br>
G11 (conductance) = <input name = "gbus0" type="text" size=5
value="1">  G12 = <input name = "gbus1" type="text" size=5
value="1">  G13 = <input name = "gbus2" type="text" size=5
value="1">  G14 = <input name = "gbus3" type="text" size=5 value="1"><br>

G21 = <input name = "gbus4" type="text" size=5 value="1">  G22 = <input
name = "gbus5" type="text" size=5 value="1">  G23 = <input name = "gbus6"
type="text" size=5 value="1">  Z24 = <input name = "gbus7" type="text"
name = "gbus9" type="text" size=5 value="1">  G33 = <input name =
"gbus10" type="text" size=5 value="1">  Z34 = <input name = "gbus11"
name = "gbus13" type="text" size=5 value="1">  G43 = <input name =
"gbus14" type="text" size=5 value="1">  Z44 = <input name = "gbus15"
B11 (susceptance) = <input name = "bbus0" type="text" size=5
value="1">  B12 = <input name = "bbus1" type="text" size=5
value="1">  B13 = <input name = "bbus2" type="text" size=5
value="1">  B14 = <input name = "bbus3" type="text" size=5 value="1"><br>

B21 = <input name = "bbus4" type="text" size=5 value="1">  B22 = <input
name = "bbus5" type="text" size=5 value="1">  B23 = <input name = "bbus6"
type="text" size=5 value="1">  B24 = <input name = "bbus7" type="text"
name = "bbus9" type="text" size=5 value="1">  B33 = <input name =
"bbus10" type="text" size=5 value="1">  B34 = <input name = "bbus11"
name = "bbus13" type="text" size=5 value="1">  B43 = <input name =
"bbus14" type="text" size=5 value="1">  B44 = <input name = "bbus15"
</li>

</UL>
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