Hp embedd system and basic obotics
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This presentation discusses embedded systems and robotics, including their definitions, types, applications, and components such as microcontrollers and sensors. It covers the historical context of robotics, the laws governing robotic behavior, and the essential elements for building robots. The document concludes that robotics combines electronics, mechanics, and software to create efficient and interactive systems for various applications.
![LCD interfacing
We need to interface LCD to our
microcontroller so that we can display
output on it.
Types:
• Text display
• Graphics display
Lcd functions:
• Lcd_clear()
• Lcd_gotoxy(x,y)
• Lcd_putchar(char c)
• Lcd_putsf(constant string)
• Lcd_puts(char arr)
• Iota(into Val, char arr[])
• Foa(float armchair decimal, char arr[])](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hpembeddandrobotics-161202080750/85/Hp-embedd-system-and-basic-obotics-8-320.jpg)
Hp embedd system and basic obotics
- 1. B.Tech Industrial Training Presentation on EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ROBOTICS Presented PALLAVI BHARTI 20130549 E&C Engg. Dept., SMIT Under the Supervision of MR.ROHAN SINGH TRAINING HEAD
- 2. Contents • Introduction to Embedded Systems • Types & Applications • Microcontroller • IDE & Programmer • I/O function registers • LCD interfacing • ADC • Communication • Introduction to Robotics • History and Laws of Robotics • How robot moves? • Sensors • Conclusion
- 3. INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS It is a scaled down computer which is designed to perform a specific task only/operation. Am embedded system is a software program on a hardware chip designed for specific purpose and can also contain some moving parts ‘Embedded’ means whole system embedded(implanted) onto an appliance
- 4. Types & Applications Embedded systems Non-real time embedded system: no deadline • Security systems • Mobile phones • Alarm system • Digital camera Real time embedded system: deadline to be met Sensor system in nuclear plants Missile defense system Flight control system PROPERTIES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Small in size Low cost High accuracy Easy to design Low power required Portable Efficient APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Security system, Cell phone, Automobile system, Memory storage device, Calculators , Printer , Mouse , Alarm system
- 5. MICROCONTROLLER • Programmable digital processor with necessary peripherals. • It is complex sequential digital circuit meant to carry out the job according to the program. Classification • Embedded (self-contained) 8-bit microcontroller • 16 to 32 bit microcontroller • Digital signal processor Features: • Built in monitor program • Built in program memory • Facility to interface external memory • Interrupts • Analog I/O • Serial I/O • Timers
- 6. IDE AND PROGRAMMER Some compilers are: • WINAVR • Code vision AVR • AVR studio • Parts of programmer: Software(to open .hex file on the computer) • Avr dude • Avr studio • Atprog Hardware • Usb-asp(sub)
- 7. I/O PORTS • DDRX(data direction register) • PORT X • PINX
- 8. LCD interfacing We need to interface LCD to our microcontroller so that we can display output on it. Types: • Text display • Graphics display Lcd functions: • Lcd_clear() • Lcd_gotoxy(x,y) • Lcd_putchar(char c) • Lcd_putsf(constant string) • Lcd_puts(char arr) • Iota(into Val, char arr[]) • Foa(float armchair decimal, char arr[])
- 9. ADC • Analog to digital converter • It is used to convert physical quantity like temperature, pressure, etc. into electrical domain i.e. voltage • functions for adc • Read_adc()
- 10. Timers It is a register which is used to measure time interval Timers in Atmega 16: • Timer 0(8 bit) • Timer 1(16 bit) • Timer (8 bit) Timer modes: • Normal • PWM(pulse width modulation) • CTC(clear timer on compare)
- 11. Communication Communications Techniques: • Simplex • Half duplex • Full duplex Modes of data transfer: Synchronous Asynchronous Parallel Serial Serial peripheral interface(SPI) Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Transmitter Receiver(USART)
- 12. Interrupt It is a signal that stops the current program and forces the execution of another program • Types: Mask able Non mask able Hardware Overflow Compare match 3 external Interrupts in Atmega16: • INT0: PD2, Pin 16 • INT1: PD3, Pin 17 • INT2: PB2, Pin 3
- 13. Introduction to Robotics • Robotics is the science of designing and building Robots Robot • Re-programmable multi- functional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools or specialized devices to programmed motions • Name ROBOT derived from Czechoslovakian word Robota meaning ‘compulsory labour’ • ‘Unimation’ –Joe Engleberger-Father of Robotics Essential characteristics: • Mobility • Flexibility • Programmability • Mechanical capability • Sensors
- 14. Laws of Robotics Isaac Asimov’s, 1940 ‘robotics’ 1. A robot must not injure human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human being, except where such orders would not conflict with the first law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as it doesn’t conflict with law 1st and 2nd. Basic elements for building autonomous robot. • Robot chassis and actuators: body and wheels arrangement. • Electronics: includes Sensors, motion control circuits, power management system etc. • Power Source :Usually batteries or direct supply through wire. • Intelligence: is achieved by using Microcontroller.
- 15. How a Robot moves? • Controlling rpm and direction of wheels, controls speed •3 motors for 4 wheels • 2 motors for 2 wheels and 1 ball bearing caster
- 16. Motor and Motor Drives • Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy Motors used in Embedded System & Robotics: • Servo, Stepper, Geared DC. H-bridge: • Electronic circuit enables a voltage to be applied across load in either direction • Allows microcontroller logic chip or remote control can electronically command the motor to go forward reverse brake and coast.
- 17. Sensors • Sensors are like “feel” for robot. • Device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. Some sensors are: Temperature sensor • like DS1621,thermistor. LM35 measures from 0 to 100 degrees Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) • a resistor whose resistance varies with intensity of light. • IR sensor: (IR led + photodiode + LM358) • Infra red emitting diode as transmitter and photo diode as receiver • 0V<=Output<=5V • Output can be taken to a microcontroller by ADC • From any “non black body” i.e. obstacle, IR reflects and falls on photo diode. • Hence Photo diode become forward bias, and it turn on the IC LM358 that gives the output.
- 18. Conclusion • electronics + mechanics + software = ROBOT • Efficient • Reliable • Interaction with environment • Multi Tasking • Favor for Mankind, if Used wisely
- 19. References• www.google.com • www.wikipedia.com Google images • http://www.embeddedsystem.com/ • http://robotics.nasa.gov/ • www.cmosexod.com • www.best-microcontrollerprojects.com • Handouts given by the organization
- 20. Thank You