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Hubble telescope [Dev N Patel]
- 2. • A space telescope or space observatory is a telescope located in outer space to observe distant planets, galaxies and other astronomical objects. • The Hubble which is orbiting the Earth outside the atmosphere is subject neither to electromagnetic radiation or light pollution from artificial light sources on the Earth. • This makes the Hubble different from other telescopes. • Earth’s atmosphere alters and blocks the light that comes from space. Hubble orbits above Earth’s atmosphere, which gives it a better view of the universe than telescopes have at ground level. What is a space telescope ?
- 3. Hubble orbits 400 mi above the Earth Orbits the Earth every 95.6 minute Launch mass 11.11 tons Size 13.2 m × 4.2 m Velocity 7160 m/s Launched by Space Shuttle Discovery Hubble specs in short
- 4. HOW DOESTHE HUBBLE CREATE IMAGES
- 5. • Images come from Hubble in black & white (real colors). • Colors are assigned based on chemical elements present, called representative colors. • Blue = Oxygen • Red = Sulfur • Green= Hydrogen
- 6. DESIGN ANDWORKING PRICIPLE OF HUBBLE
- 7. • Hubble data is transmitted to Earth through a NASA relay satellite which downlinks it to a ground station in White Sands, NM. • From there, it is forwarded to Goddard Space Flight Center for initial processing and quality checking. • Within minutes it is sent to the Space Telescope Science Institute, where it is further processed, archived, and made available to the Principal Investigator who successfully proposed the observation. WORKING PRINCIPLE OFTHE HUBBLE TELESCOPE
- 8. Hubble has made more than 1.3 million observations since its mission began in 1990. Astronomers using Hubble data have published more than 15,000 scientific papers, making it one of the most productive scientific instruments ever built. Those papers have been cited in other papers 738,000 times. Hubble does not travel to stars, planets or galaxies. It takes pictures of them as it whirls around Earth at about 17,000 mph. Hubble has circled Earth and gone more than 4 billion miles along a circular low earth orbit currently about 340 miles in altitude. Hubble has no thrusters.To change angles, it uses Newton’s third law by spinning its wheels in the opposite direction. It turns at about the speed of a minute hand on a clock, taking 15 minutes to turn 90 degrees. Hubble has the pointing accuracy of .007 arcseconds, which is like being able to shine a laser beam on President Roosevelt’s head on a dime about 200 miles away. Did you know ..........
- 9. Outside the haze of our atmosphere, it can see astronomical objects with an angular size of 0.05 arcseconds, which is like seeing a pair of fireflies inTokyo that are less than 10 feet apart from Washington, DC. Due to the combination of optics and sensitive detectors and with no atmosphere to interfere with the light reaching it, Hubble can spot a night light on the surface of the Moon from Earth. Hubble has peered back into the very distant past, to locations more than 13.4 billion light-years from Earth. Hubble generates about 10 terabytes of new data per year.The total archive is currently over 150TB in size. Hubble weighed about 24,000 pounds at launch but if returned to Earth today would weigh about 27,000 pounds — on the order of two full-grown African elephants. Hubble's primary mirror is 2.4 meters (7 feet, 10.5 inches) across. It was so finely polished that if you scaled it to be the diameter of the Earth, you would not find a bump more than 6 inches tall. Hubble is 13.3 meters (43.5 feet) long — the length of a large school bus.
- 10. Images taken by Hubble have helped scientists estimate the age and size of the universe. Scientists believe the universe is almost 14 billion years old. Hubble has helped scientists understand how planets and galaxies form.An image called "Hubble Ultra Deep Field" shows the farthest galaxies ever seen. Hubble has detected black holes, which suck in everything around them, including light.The telescope has played a key role in the discovery of dark energy, a mysterious force that causes the universe to expand faster and faster as time goes on. And it has revealed details of gamma-ray bursts -- powerful explosions of energy that occur when massive stars collapse. Hubble has also studied the atmospheres of planets revolving around stars similar to Earth’s sun. What Are Hubble's Most Important Discoveries?
- 12. SOLAR PANELS Named after the famous American astronomer Edwin Hubble, the Hubble telescope is powered by six nickel-hydrogen batteries, which provide power to the spacecraft during orbit while it flies through the Earth’s shadow. The scientific instrumentation and onboard computers draw approximately 2800 watts, which are charged by two 2.45 x 7.56m solar panels.
- 13. COMMUNICATIONS ANTENNAS On-board the Hubble telescope are two identical S-Band transmitters. In 1998 one of the transmitters failed, however the secondary transmitter has kept up with the extra load by rotating the telescope to maintain communication. The radio waves converted from the solid-state recording system are sent to a NASA communication satellite, which in- turn relays the information to Earth.
- 14. APERTURE DOOR The adaptive optics on the Hubble telescope allow it to conduct high-resolution optical visualization over a wide field of view. The aperture door itself can be closed if needed, to prevent light from external sources from entering the telescope.
- 16. NASA named the world's first space-based optical telescope after American astronomer Edwin P. Hubble (1889 -- 1953). Dr. Hubble confirmed an "expanding" universe, which provided the foundation for the big-bang theory. Mission • Launch: April 24, 1990, from space shuttle Discovery (STS-31) • Deployment:April 25, 1990 • First Image: May 20, 1990: Star cluster NGC 3532 • Servicing Mission 1 (STS-61): December 1993 • Servicing Mission 2 (STS-82): February 1997 • Servicing Mission 3A (STS-103): December 1999 • Servicing Mission 3B (STS-109): February 2002 • Servicing Mission 4 (STS-125): May 2009 Hubble SpaceTelescope Facts
- 17. Size • Length: 43.5 feet (13.2 m) • Weight: At Launch: about 24,000 pounds (10,886 kg) • Post SM4: about 27,000 pounds (12,247 kg) • Maximum Diameter: 14 feet (4.2 m) Spaceflight Statistics • Low Earth Orbit: Altitude of 340 miles (295 nautical miles, or 547 km), inclined 28.5 to the equator • Time to Complete One Orbit: about 95 minutes • Speed: about 17,000 mph (27,300 kph) Optical Capabilities • Sensitivity to Light: Ultraviolet through Infrared (115–2500 nanometers)
- 18. Hubble's Mirrors • Primary Mirror Diameter: 94.5 inches (2.4 m) • Primary Mirror Weight: 1,825 pounds (828 kg) • Secondary Mirror Diameter: 12 inches (0.3 m) • Secondary Mirror Weight: 27.4 pounds (12.3 kg) Pointing Accuracy In order to take images of distant, faint objects, Hubble must be extremely steady and accurate. The telescope is able to lock onto a target without deviating more than arcsecond, or about the width of a human hair seen at a distance of 1 mile. Data Statistics Hubble transmits about 150 gigabits of raw science data every week.
- 19. Power Needs • Energy Source: The Sun • Mechanism: Two 25-foot solar panels • Power Generation (in Sunlight): about 5,500 watts • Power Usage (Average): about 2,100 watts Power Storage • Batteries: 6 nickel-hydrogen (NiH) • Storage Capacity: Equal to about 22 average car batteries
- 20. Hubble turned 30 years old in 2020. Engineers designed Hubble so that it could be repaired and upgraded as needed. Since the telescope's launch, five space shuttle missions have carried astronauts to Hubble to repair and upgrade it.The last mission was in 2009. Hubble was upgraded so that it is better than ever.The telescope will not be repaired or upgraded again. But, it is expected to continue to work past 2020. Meanwhile, NASA and its international partners are preparing the JamesWebb SpaceTelescope.TheWebb is an infrared telescope that will be larger than Hubble and will be able to see through clouds and dust in space. Instead of orbiting Earth, this telescope will orbit the Sun from a point beyond the Moon.Webb will send back amazing images like Hubble does, and it will help astronomers unlock more of the biggest mysteries of the universe. What Is the Future of Hubble?
- 22. SOME ASTONISHING PICTURES CAUGHT BYTHE HUBBLE
- 23. Thank you