Human blood intro
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Human blood consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Plasma is 92% water and contains proteins, minerals, glucose, and other substances. Red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body while white blood cells help protect the body from infection. Platelets help the blood clot to stop bleeding from damaged blood vessels. Together, these components of blood help maintain homeostasis in the body.
Human blood intro
- 1. Human Blood Shenikha Abdul Gafoor
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Blood is a connective tissue that consists of cells suspended in liquid matrix • The average adult human has 5 litres of continuously circulating blood. • Blood pH near: 7.4 • The movement of blood throughout the body helps maintain homeostasis in three general ways - transportation, regulation and protection
- 4. PLASMA • Pale yellow liquid • Viscous fluid Composition of plasma Water :90-92% Proteins: 6-8% Fibrinogen: Important clotting factor produced by liver Help to seal damaged vessels and prevent blood loss.
- 5. Globulin: involves in defence mechanism of the body o Alpha o Beta o Gamma Albumins: Help in osmotic balance Minerals :Na+, Ca++, Mg++,HCl3 -,Cl- Other substance like glucose, amino acid and liquid
- 6. FORMED ELEMENTS 1. Erythrocyte (RBC) 2. Leucocyte(WBC) 3. Thrombocyte(platelet) Erythrocyte (RBC) • most abundant • Number : 5 millions – 5.5 millions • Shape : biconcave in shape without nucleus
- 7. • The concave surface of mammalian RBCs is helpful in increasing surface area of RBCs. • Function : transport oxygen and a small amount of carbon dioxide • Formation of RBcC– Erythropoiesis (occur in red bone marrow in adult) • Regulation of RBC production by the hormone- Erythropoietin
- 8. Haemoglobin 2 chemical components - Iron : haem component - protein: globulin component • 12-16gms of Hb in 100 ml of blood (adult) • Function : transport of oxygen from the lungs • Life span :120 days • Anemia: abnormally low Hb con. And RBC count.
- 9. Leucocytes (WBC) • Colourless( due to lack of Hb) • Number: 6000- 8000mm3 of blood • Shape: nuclei present • Life span : 4-8 hrs • Function: protects against disease causing organisms • Leukocytopenia: decrease in total no. of WBC below the normal. • Leukocytosis : increase in total no.of WBCs above normal.
- 10. 1. Granulocytes. Eosinophils • 2-3% • Have anti-histamic properties • Have 2 lobes • The no.of eosinophil increases during allergic conditions such as asthma and hay fever Basophils • 0.5-1% • The cell secrete heparin ( an anticoagulant ) and histamine (involved in inflamation)
- 11. Neutrophils • Most abundant cell (60-65%) • They protects against disease causing organisms • Engulf infectious agent and foreign debris 2.Agranulocytes. Lymphocyte • 20-25% • Second most numerous type of leucocyte Responsible for immune response of our body.
- 12. B-lymphocyte • Manufacture antibodies and secrete them to blood plasma. T-lymphocyte • Recognize and kill specific cells such as bacteria, virus infected cell and cancer cell Monocyte • Largest leucocyte • Kidney shaped • Engulf bacteria ,dead cells and debris
- 13. Thrombocytes (platelets) • Smallest of formed elements • Number: 200000-400000 platelets per mm3 of blood. • Shape: round ,oval • Formation: they are produced from special cell in bone marrow called Hegakaryocytes • Life span: about a week • Function: helps in coagulation of blood • Reduction of no. below normal: Thrombocytopenia