HumanBodySystemsPart2NotesPowerPoint-1.ppt
- 1. Human Body Systems Part 2 Nervous System Muscular System Skeletal System
- 2. Primary Learning Objective To know the functions of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.
- 5. Functions of the Skeletal System 1. Provides support, shape and protection. 2. Locomotion (Helps you move) 3. Makes blood cells
- 7. Bone Structure • Bones are surrounded by a tough outer tissue called periosteum. • Beneath this outer layer is a combination of living and non- living materials. • The hard compact bone layer is made of the minerals calcium and phosphorus.
- 8. Bone Structure • The soft, spongy bone is a combination of the hard bone and living cells. • The living cells make up a tissue called bone marrow. • The middle of the bone is a solid core of bone marrow.
- 9. Cartilage Cartilage is a tough tissue made of living cells and nonliving material that is not as rigid as bone.
- 10. Cartilage Cartilage is found 1. At the end of ribs 2.At joints 3.In the nose 4.In the outer ear
- 11. Joints Joints are places where two bones meet.
- 12. Types of Joints Ball and Socket joints are found in the shoulder and hip. The joint is able to move in all directions.
- 13. Types of Joints Hinge joints are found in the knee and elbow. These joints work like door hinges and allow back and forth movement only.
- 14. Ligaments Ligaments are strips of tough tissue that connect bones together.
- 15. Ligaments
- 16. Ligaments
- 17. Tendons Tendons connect bone with muscles. As muscles contract they move the bone.
- 18. The major functions of the muscular system are 1. Movement 2. Heat Production Muscular System
- 19. Muscular System • Muscles move body parts by contracting and relaxing. • There are two types of muscles 1.Voluntary 2.Involuntary
- 20. Voluntary Muscles Voluntary muscles are controlled by you consciously thinking about contracting and relaxing them. In other words, these muscles do not work automatically.
- 21. Voluntary Muscles One type of voluntary muscles are skeletal muscles. These are muscles attached to your bones to help you move.
- 22. Voluntary Muscles Skeletal muscles exert forces by pulling on bones, never by pushing on them. Therefore, they often work in pairs, with one muscle pulling the bone in one direction and another pulling the bone back to its original position.
- 23. Skeletal muscles work in pairs
- 24. Involuntary Muscles • Involuntary muscles are not under conscious control; they work automatically. • There are two types of involuntary muscles 1. Cardiac 2. Smooth
- 25. Involuntary Muscles • Cardiac muscles are found only in the heart. Cardiac muscle tissue contracts and relaxes automatically to pump blood throughout the body.
- 26. Involuntary Muscles Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles found lining internal organs to help them move. For example, your digestive tract has smooth muscles to help move food through your digestive system.
- 27. 1. Receives information about the environment using the 5 senses. Functions of the Nervous System
- 28. The Five Senses Your five senses allow your nervous system to receive information about the environment surrounding you. Your five senses include: Vision, Hearing, Taste, Smell, and Touch.
- 29. 2. Responds to information received by 5 senses. -Some Responses, such as body movements, are voluntary. -Some Responses, such as breathing, heartbeat and digestion, are involuntary. Functions of the Nervous System
- 30. 3. Maintains Homeostasis -Homeostasis is a body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment for cells to function properly, even when conditions in their surroundings change. Functions of the Nervous System
- 31. Example of Homeostasis: When your body gets too hot it produces sweat to help keep your body at a constant temperature. If your body got to hot, your cells could not function. Homeostasis
- 33. Two Main Parts of the Nervous System 1. Central Nervous System (CNS) Includes: A. Brain B. Spinal cord (Both are composed of Neurons) 2. Peripheral Nervous System • All other neurons that connect the Central Nervous System to the rest of the body.
- 35. Neurons Neurons are nerve cells that receive and send messages through the body. (Note: You DON’T need to learn the different parts of a neuron.)
- 36. The Brain • Made up of billions of neurons. • The job of the brain is to receive messages from the rest of the body. The brain also controls the responses of the body to the messages it receives.
- 38. Spinal Cord Central “highway” for messages (impulses) being sent to the brain. Protected by a backbone (vertebrae)