Hydrosphere
- 2. The Earth’s Surface To make investigations easier the surface of the Earth has been divided up into four interconnected spheres: Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere
- 3. HYDROSPHERE It comes from the ancient Greek “hydro” which means water and “sphaira” which means sphere. It refers to water on, under and over the surface of the Earth.
- 4. There is always the same amount of water on Earth. Water appears in different states (liquid, gas or solid form). Water continually move between the atmosphere, the oceans and the continents.
- 5. This continual movement is called the water cycle: Evaporation: water evaporates into the atmosphere, where it cools. Condensation: As it get cooler on the atmosphere, it condenses and forms clouds. Precipitation: when clouds cannot absorb any more water there is precipitation in the form of rain, snow or hail. Some precipitation falls on the land flowing into lakes and rivers, other water filters into the ground becoming groundwater. Transportation: water in rivers or groundwater is transported to the oceans and seas again and the water cycle begins again.
- 8. Saltwater: 97% of the Earth’s water is saltwater located mainly in the oceans and seas. Freshwater: 3% is fresh water located on continents and islands (river, lakes, groundwater, water vapour…)
- 10. Oceans: vast masses Groundwater: of saltwater that rainwater that separate the infiltrates rocks and continents. soil into the Earth’s Seas: oceanic waters surface. that are close to Aquifers: stores of continents and not as groundwater that deep as oceans. accumulate underground on top Rivers: continuously of impermeable flowing currents of layers of rock. water that flow into seas, lakes and other Wells: holes that rivers. men do into the Earth’s surface to Tributary: a river bring underground that flows into water to the surface. another river.
- 12. Glaciers: huge mass of ice, formed from compacted snow, slowly flowing over a land mass. Ice caps: huge mass of ice and snow that permanently cover the poles of the Earth. Lakes: large bodies of water that accumulate in inland basins. They receive water from rivers, precipitation and groundwater.
- 14. There are 3 stages in the course of a river: Upper Course: from the river’s source down the mountains water flows rapidly eroding rocks. Middle course: water flows less rapidly depositing sediments. Lower course: the river reaches its mouth into a lake, another river or a sea. Water flows slowly depositing sediments. The flow is the amount of water in a river. It depends on: The amount of rainfall. The type of soil
- 16. Water is essential for life. Humans can only drink fresh water that needs to be purified. As most fresh water is trapped in ice and glaciers there is not much water for human consumption left. So we need to recycle water to assure our lifelihood.
- 17. Although water is found in a considerable amount in temperate and tropical regions where there is a lot of precipitation there is an uneven distribution of water on the Earth. Floods: the inundation of land that is normally dry through the overflowing of a body of water Droughts: a long period of scanty or low rainfall that normally affects growing or living conditions.
- 19. Developed by María Jesús Campos Chusteacher Wikiteacher