Hyperlipidemia.pptx
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Hyperlipidemia refers to elevated levels of lipids in the blood and can be classified as familial or acquired, with various types including hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Causes range from genetic disorders to lifestyle factors such as diet and inactivity. Treatment includes lifestyle changes and pharmacological options like statins and fibrates to manage cholesterol levels.
Hyperlipidemia.pptx
- 1. HYPERLIPIDEMIA Prepared by Ms. Shivanee Vyas Assistant Professor
- 2. Hyperlipidemia is abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids (fats, cholesterol, or triglycerides) or lipoproteins in the blood. Hyperlipidemias may basically be classified as either familial (also called primary) caused by specific genetic abnormalities, or acquired (also called secondary) when resulting from another underlying disorder that leads to alterations in plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Hyperlipidemias are also classified according to which types of lipids are elevated, that is hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or both in combined hyperlipidemia. HYPERLIPIDEMIA
- 3. 1. Hypercholesterolemia: Increased serum level of total cholesterol (TC), Low- density lipoprotein (LDL), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). 2. Hypertriglyceridemia: Increased serum level of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and triglycerides (TG). 3. Combined hyperlipidemia: Increased TC, LDL, VLDL, LDL-C, and TG.
- 4. A picture is worth a thousand words
- 5. Etiopathogenesis of Hyperlipidemia Hyperlipidemia can be due to primary and secondary causes. Primary causes include familial hypercholesterolemia which is a genetic disorder. Secondary hyperlipidemia causes include: Smoking. Drinking a lot of alcohol. Eating foods that have a lot of saturated fats or trans fats. Sitting too much instead of being active. Being stressed. Being overweight. Hypothyroidism
- 6. Clinical Manifestation • Most people don't have symptoms when their cholesterol is high. • People who have a genetic problem with cholesterol clearance that causes very high cholesterol levels may get xanthomas (waxy, fatty plaques on the skin) or corneal arcus (cholesterol rings around the iris of the eye).
- 7. Cholesterol levels guideline Low Borderline High Total Less than 200mg/dL 200 – 239 mg/dL More than 240 mg/dL LDL Less than 130 mg/dL 130 – 159 mg/dL 160 and higher mg/dL HDL Less than 40 mg/dL 40 – 49 mg/dL Less than 40 mg/dL Triglycerides Less than 200 mg/dL 200 – 399 mg/dL 400 and higher mg/dL
- 8. Whoa! This can be the part of the presentation where you introduce yourself, write your email… TREATMENT
- 9. • Non-Pharmacological Treatment 1. Quitting smoking, lowering intake of saturated fat and alcohol, losing excess body weight, and eating a low-salt diet that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help reduce blood cholesterol. • Pharmacological Treatment 1. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: such as lovastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavastatin, inhibit the synthesis of mevalonate, a precursor molecule to cholesterol. 2. Fibric acid derivatives: such as gemfibrozil and fenofibrate. They decrease VLDL - very low- density lipoprotein - and LDL in some people. 3. Niacin: Niacin or vitamin B3 has been shown to decrease LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and increase HDL cholesterol. 4. Bile acid binding resins: Bile acid binding resins, such as colestipol, cholestyramine, and colesevelam, function by binding bile acids, increasing their excretion. They are useful for decreasing LDL cholesterol. 5. Sterol absorption inhibitors: such as ezetimibe, function by decreasing the absorption of cholesterol in the Gl tract by targeting NPC1L1, a transport protein in the gastrointestinal wall.
- 10. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik Thanks! Do you have any questions? shivaneevyas8@gmail.com https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivanee- vyas-56502582 Please keep this slide for attribution