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[I3 d]04 interactivity
- 2. 8. 주차별 강의계획 주 날짜 주제 내용 교재 1 09/05 Introduction Ice Braking | Orientation 2 09/12 인터랙티브 입체영상 트렌드 인터랙티브한 입체영상 시장 및 이슈 소개 3 09/19 다양한 사용자 인터랙션 소개 인터랙티브 홀로그램 4 09/26 상호작용성 소개 인터랙티비티에 대한 동향 및 방법 소개 5 10/11 Open Framework 전체 프레임워크 소개 및 기획 최유주 6 10/18 Open Framework Open Framework을 통한 제작(1) 교수님 진행 7 10/25 Open Framework Open Framework을 통한 제작(2) 8 11/01 중간고사 - Open Framework를 통한 Contents기획 - 인터랙티브한 환경에서의 입체영상 9 11/08 인터랙티브 입체영상 기획 - 사용자와 인터랙티브 입체영상 10 11/15 인터랙티브 입체영상 디자인(1) - 전체 기획에 따른 전략 및 전술 11 11/22 인터랙티브 입체영상 디자인(2) - 인터페이스 및 인포메이션 디자인 12 11/29 인터랙티브 입체영상 디자인(3) - 인터랙션 프로그래밍 13 12/7 인터랙티브 입체영상 후반작업(1) - 기기 포팅 14 12/14 인터랙티브 입체영상 후반작업(2) Refine & Presentation Skill 15 12/21 기말고사 인터랙티브 입체영상 기획 및 제작 프레젠테이션
- 4. 1 Operate the Machine
- 7. | pre-computer Before computers, there wasn’t “interaction design.” – useful – usable – desirable – affordable for the right people – appropriately complex – appropriately styled – appropriately transparent in function and use – overall, having “good fit” with people, context, activity, result
- 8. goal of “operating the machine.” operate the machine
- 9. | back in the day • design was engineering design: make faster, bigger machines, expose their guts through controls • people adapt to the machines • people speak the language of the machines • no designers involved, but lots of clever engineers – emergence of a new set of skills, new disciplines operate the machine
- 10. | characteristic statement of the time people are seen as components The Five Elements of System Design in a system of production personnel selection personnel training machine design job design environmental design
- 11. | a current statement of the goal of “human factors” “minimize the damage and Good Designs: inconvenience” • design against misuse, unintended uses, and abuses • design for all sizes, shapes, attitudes and personalities people
- 12. | input and output: people adapt to the machines punch card, 80 columns, to hold 80 characters or numbers paper tape, also encoding characters with holes. For fun, go make images of punch cards that say anything you want: http://www.facade.com/legacy/punchcard
- 13. | wiring the ENIAC with a new program ENIAC 1946 Mauchly and Eckert Great description here: www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/lectures/pptlectures/7b-eniac.ppt
- 14. | front panel switches DEC PDP-8 TI 980 1960’s
- 15. | configure switches, run batch, output to tape
- 16. | preparing punch cards
- 17. | online processing first fully interactive video game. Spacewar Steve Russel 1962 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rmvb4Hktv7U
- 18. | operator console IBM System 360 1960’s
- 19. | remote terminals attached to the S/360 IBM 3270 1970’s 80 columns x 24 lines a.k.a., “80 cards” Don’t laugh. These are very hip boys.
- 20. | at home, it’s still the switches – but what to do with it? MITS Altair 8800 1975 One of the first commercially available home computers. You ordered it. You built it. You operated it through front panel switches.
- 21. | command line interfaces Very efficient once you learned them. Still, the emphasis is “operate the machine.”
- 22. | “user friendliness” providing clear help and easy to remember command names. Paul Heckel’s Elements of Friendly Software Design.
- 23. | in the meantime, a few people were thinking differently mouse Doug Englebart 1964 Doug Englebart’s 1968 demo at SRI. He demonstrated most of the ideas we associate with modern desk- top computing: -the mouse hypertext, -objects in the interface, -dynamic file linking, -two people at different locations communicating over network audio and video. This work was done from a human-centered point of view, and the demo is required viewing. Watch it, remember it’s 40 years ago, and think about how progress is made in this field. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MPJZ6M52dI
- 24. “you can actually talk to the computer” sketchpad Ivan Sutherland 1963 Englebart, Sutherland and others were shifting from “operating the machine” to providing people with useful tools. Englebart sought to “augment the human intellect.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKM3CmRqK2o&feature=related
- 25. 2 Use the Software
- 26. use the software operate the machine
- 27. • shift in focus from controlling the computer to using applications and tools • trying to make it so people have to adapt less to use the machines’ capability • design is still done mostly by engineers, few specialists • still mostly thought of as “computer human factors” use the software operate the machine
- 28. use a spreadsheet use a word processor use the software play a game operate the machine
- 29. | a tool for home and small business calculations visicalc Dan Bricklin 1979 Finally people had a reason to buy a home computer (specifically, an Apple II): so they could use VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet. THE place to learn about Visicalc: www.bricklin.com/visicalc.htm Download a working version!
- 30. |Interface and interaction ideas that survived 25 years (so far) VisiCalc’s design has lived long: “It was interactive in a WYSIWYG way: • Point to change a value • Instant automatic recalculation based on formulas stored in the cells referencing other cells • Scroll left/right/up/down • The input, definition, formatting and output were all merged into a natural, program-by-example interface … • Labels and formulas distinguished by first character typed • A1, B1, SUM(A1..A7) • Realtime scrolling • Numeric and text formatting • Status and formula lines”
- 31. a tool for writing wordstar Seymour Rubenstein & John Barnaby 1979 WordStar had a very complicated interface, but once you invested the time to learn it, it was very powerful. Now there was another reason to buy a home computer: to create, format, store, and edit text documents. Find WordStar history here: http://www.wordstar.org/wordstar/history/history.htm
- 32. wordstar quick reference card A few WordStar commands (^ indicates one should hold down the Ctrl key)
- 33. | the future could usually be seen before it arrived Xerox STAR, 1981 Microsoft Windows 1.01, 1985 Xerox Alto, 1972
- 34. 3 Perform a Task
- 35. perform a task use the software operate the machine
- 36. • wordstar was so complex yet so popular, it invited both complaint and competition • the success of Lotus 1-2-3 over Visicalc was partly due to ease of use and appropriate power • its use in large companies led to an emphasis on ease of learning, ease of use, reduced errors, saved time • this eventually led to a professional emphasis on people doing a task rather than “a tool with good controls” perform a task use the software operate the machine
- 37. draw a picture create a brochure perform a task create a budget compose music use the software troubleshoot the aircraft operate the machine
- 38. | the mac taps into pent-up desire for ease and pleasure of use Think of a world full of command-line interfaces… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhsWzJo2sN4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pTHlG8USUg&feature=related hello.
- 39. All 39 pages of advertising that Apple bought in a 1984 issue of newsweek are available here: http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/computerhistory/ads/macnewsweek
- 40. | the software design manifesto Mitch Kapor “The Roman architecture critic Vetrivius advanced the notion 1990 that well-designed buildings were those which exhibited firmness, commodity and delight. The same might be said of good software. Firmness: a program should not have any bugs which inhibit its function. Commodity: a program should be suitable for the purposes for which it was intended. Delight: the experience of using the program should be a pleasurable one. Here we have the beginnings of a theory of design for software.” www.kapor.com/homepages/mkapor/Software_Design_Manifesto.html
- 41. 4 Experience live, learn, work, play
- 42. experience live, learn, work, play perform a task use the software operate the machine
- 43. • after twenty years of trying to help people perform tasks, we realized success depended on expanding the scope of view • most good work now involves an effort to fit context of experience use, characteristics of individuals, patterns of life live, learn, work, play • most good work now attempts to go beyond expressed need to latent or masked needs perform a task use the software operate the machine
- 44. manage a household compose music run a business experience live, learn, work, play learn math perform a task buy, use, & maintain a car use the software immerse in a fantasy operate the machine
- 45. | design to support a person doing an activity in context To do a good job of interaction design, we have to understand as much as we can about the context, the activity, what else is going on, where people’s attention is focused, what happens before and after, what their goals are, and so on.
- 46. design a vase Suppose I asked you to design a vase. You would sketch or model any number of forms, most of them probably looking like a cousin of the vase shown here.
- 47. | design a way to enjoy flowers But suppose I asked you to design a way for people to incorporate plants into their life, or a way for people to enjoy flowers. Contemporary design has changed the questions.
- 48. | the cycle of experience Social Reputation Awareness Retention Extension Attraction Compelling Interaction Orientation tip of the hat to john rheinfrank and shelley evenson
- 49. | interaction design’s many layers of concern strategy does the product connect with business goals? experience repeated interaction, activities in context interaction interface in use through time by different people interface presentation of information and controls information & functionality categories, types, attributes, relationships
- 50. 5 Connect
- 51. connect experience: live, learn, work, play accomplish a task use the software operate the machine
- 52. we are used to designing for individuals
- 53. we’re learning to account for differences in individuals. But the machines often stay most prominent
- 54. now, more often, the machines fade to the background – we design for what happens between people through the machines
- 55. or we make it possible for people to build things together through the machines – the construction is in the foreground, not the technology
- 56. and now we are learning to account for variations in groups, genres of connections
- 57. MACHINES SHAPE US WE SHAPE THE MACHINES
- 59. Who’s the user? What is the interface? How is it used? Who can afford it?
- 60. | before 1945 : new invention
- 61. | 1945-1955 : the calculator
- 62. | 1955-1965 : the giant brain
- 63. | 1965-1980 : the white collar labor
- 64. | 1980-1995 : productivity tool
- 65. | 1995- : networked ubiquity
- 66. NEXT
- 71. NEW WAY OF INPUT
- 73. FOR NEXT WEEK Find Future Interaction/Interactivity from Movie/game/on your dream/….