IC Engine Fundamentals
- 1. PAPER PRESENTATION ON IC ENGINE FUNDAMENTALS Represented by SURAJ RAUT. JSPM’s Jayawantrao Sawant Collage of Engineering, Hadapsar 1/17
- 2. What is Engine? • An Engine or Motor is a machine designed to convert one form of energy in to mechanical energy. • In thermodynamics, heat engine is a device which the chemical energy of fuel is first converted into heat energy, and subsequently this heat energy is converted into mechanical energy. 2/17
- 3. i. Internal Combustion Engine is a device in which the chemical energy of fuel is first converted in to heat energy, in cylinder and subsequently this energy of fuel is converted in to Mechanical Energy. ii. Temp. range:- 2500 deg.C iii. Pressure range:- 70 bar iv. Relatively light and low in cost. v. Applications. 3/17
- 5. External Combustion Engine. • In the external combustion engine, the combustion of fuel takes place outside the cylinder in furnace. • Large floor space, high in cost. • Use in gas turbine. 5/17
- 6. Engine Classification Nature of thermodynamic cycle. Working of cycle. Fuel supply system. Method of ignition. Number of cylinders. Arrangement of cylinders. Type of cooling system. Type of lubrication system. Speed of engine. Field of application. 6/17
- 7. 4 Stroke SI Engine. 7/17
- 8. Two Stroke SI Engine. 8/17
- 9. Four Stroke CI Engine. 9/17
- 10. Two Stroke CI Engine. 10/17
- 11. Cylinder Arrangement • Inline engines • V engines • Flat engines • W Engine 11/17
- 12. Important Parts of IC Engine. Cylinder Cylinder head Piston and piston rings Connecting Rod Crank and Crankshaft Gudgeon pin Inlet Valve & Exhaust Valve Flywheel Crank Case Spark plug Cam and cam follower Inlet manifold & Exhaust manifold Engine Bearing 12/17
- 13. Terminology of IC Engine Cylinder Bore Stroke Top Dead Center Bottom Dead Center Stroke volume Clearance volume Cylinder volume Compression Ratio Piston speed Power Brake power Indicated power Auto ignition Pre ignition 13/17
- 14. Difference SI & CI Criteria SI Engine CI Engine Working cycle Otto Cycle Diesel Cycle Fuel used Petrol Diesel Compression Ratio 5:1 to 9:1 14:1 to 22:1 Fuel Supply Carburetor is there Fuel injector is there Ignition Spark plug is required Heat of compressed air Weight & size Lighter Heavier Initial cost Lesser More expensive Thermal efficiency Lesser, about 25 to 35% More, about 40 to 50% Starting effort Less cranking effort More effort required Chances of pre- ignition More chances No chances Field of application Light duty work Heavy duty work 14/17
- 15. Difference 2 stroke & 4 stroke Criteria 2- stroke 4- stroke Power stroke One power stroke per crank revolution One power stroke per two crank revolution Weight and size Lighter and compact Heavier and larger Turning moment More uniform Less uniform Flywheel size Smaller Larger Mechanical efficiency More Lesser Construction Simpler and easy More complicate Noise More Lesser Wear and tear More Less Scavenging Required Most efficient Fuel consumption More Less Application Light duty work Heavy duty work Thermal efficiency Less More 15/17
- 16. Conclusion Internal combustion engines are among the most important engineering applications. The theory of application either depends on Diesel or Otto cycles. They are categorized either according to the operating cycle, or due to the mechanism of working. Each type of engines has some advantages over the other one. Thus, the selection of the appropriate engine requires determining the conditions of application. 16/17