ICT in Sinhala
- 1. ufyaIa fldä;=jlal= BTec(ICT) , MCTS,MIEEE Professional Development Course in ICT (AIT-Thailand) National Dip in Teaching (Merit) mß.Klh y`ÿkd .ksuq'
- 2. mß.Klhla hkq l=ula o@
- 3. mßYS,lhd úiska wdodkh lrkq ,nk fyda moaO;sh úiska /ialr .kq ,nk o;a; ,nd f.k tu o;a; mßYS,lhd úiska § we;s Wmfoiaj,g wkqj ilia lrñka Tyqg$wehg wjYH wdldrfha f;dr;=re m%;sodkh lrk" úÿ,s n,fhka l%shd;aul jk WmlrKhla ˜f,i mß.Klh ye¢kaúh yels h' mß.Klhla hkq l=ula o@
- 4. mß.Klfhys oelsh yels úfYaI ,laIK • fõ.h (Speed) • ksrjoH;dj (Accuracy) • ld¾hlaIu;dj (Efficiency) • nyqld¾h nj ^Versatility& • iq/lSfï yd kej; ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj ^Saving and Retrieving&
- 5. mß.Kl j¾.SlrKh mß.Kl m%odk l%u folla hgf;a j¾.SlrKh l< yel' m%udKh wkqj Ndú; jk ;dlaIKh wkqj
- 6. m%udKh wkqj mß.Kl j¾.SlrKh
- 7. iqmsß mß.Kl (Super Computers)
- 9. uyd mß.Kl (Mainframe Computers)
- 10. uOH mß.Kl (Mini Computers)
- 11. • uyd mß.Klj,g jvd fõ.fhka" n,fhka iy ñf,ka o wvqh • fmdÿ ld¾h mß.Kl f,i o ye¢kafõ‘ • mdõÉÑh myiq h‘ • mßYS,lhska lsysm fofkl= úiska m¾hka; (Terminals) lsysmhla u.ska th yd iïnkaO fjñka o;a; yd f;dr;=re yqjudre lr .kq ,efí'
- 12. fm!oa.,sl mß.Kl$ laIqø mß.Kl (Personal Computers/ Micro Computers)
- 13. • fm!oa.,sl m%fhdackh i|yd fhdod .efka • wvq Odß;djla iys; u;lhlska hq;=h • tfia u úÿ,s mßfNdackh o wvq h'
- 15. Ndú; jk ;dlaIKh wkqj mß.Kl j¾.SlrKh
- 17. m%;siu $ wekf,d.a mrs.Kl
- 18. mßirfha isÿ jk fjkia ùï ^fõ.h" fjda,aàh;dj" mSvkh" WIaK;ajh& jeks m%;siu ix{d (Analog signals) y÷kd .ksñka ta wkqj l%shd;aul jk mß.Kl ñka woyiafõ
- 20. tÈfkod Ôú;fha § mßyrKh lrkq ,nk mß.Kl ixLHdxl mß.Kl hg;g jefÜ' oaúuh ixLHd moaO;sh Ndú; lrñka l%shd;aul fõ
- 21. ñY% $ fouqyqka mrs.Kl
- 23. u;l frcsiagr wxl .Ks;uh yd ;d¾lsl tallh md,k tallh wdodk m%;sodk m%Odk u;lh oaú;Sl u;lh uOH ieliqï tallh
- 25. mß.Kl moaO;shl my; fldgia u.ska isÿjk l%shdj,sh fláfhka olajkak • wdodk • wxl .Ks;uh yd ;d¾lsl tallh • frcsiagr u;lh • md,k tallh
- 26. mß.Kl moaO;shl my; fldgia u.ska isÿjk l%shdj,sh fláfhka olajkak • m%;sodk • m%d:ñl u;lh • oaù;Sl u;lh
- 27. mß.Kl moaO;shla ;ekS we;s wdldrh
- 28. mß.Klh ;ekS we;af;a m%Odk fldgia 4 la tlaùfuks •wdodk Wmdx. •m%;sodk Wmdx. •uOH ieliqï tallh •wdphk Wmdx.
- 29. wdodk Wmdx. •h;=re mqjrej" • uQislh" • uhsfl%df*dakh" • fjí leurdj •CCTV Camera
- 30. •;Srefla; lshjkh" • fufyhqï háh" • iam¾Yl ;srh •wxls; leurdj
- 31. ixLHdxl leurdj(Digital Camera) •mg, fiahdmg (Film Negatives) Ndú; fkdfõ' •PdhdrEmh ixLHdxl wdldrfhka igyka fõ' •ksYap, yd p,k rEm o ,nd.; yelsh'
- 33. me;,s ;, iqmsßlailh (Flatbed Scanners) •PdhdrEm$m%;smß.Kl .; lsÍug Ndú;d fõ' wlaIr mß.Kl.; lsÍfïoS (OCR-Optical Character Recoginition) ;dlaIKh Ndú;d lrhs'
- 34. ;Sre fla; lshjkh (Bar Code Reader)
- 35. pqïnl ;Ska; wkq,laIK lshjkh (Magnetic Ink Character Reader - MICR)
- 36. m%ldY i,l=Kq ixcdkkh (Optical Mark Recognition - OMR)
- 38. m%;sodk Wml%u (Output Devices)
- 39. m%;sodk Wmdx.
- 40. mß.Kl moaO;sh úiska ilia lrk ,o f;dr;=re wmg ,nd fok wdldr lsysmhlsa •uDÿ msgm;a (Soft Copy) •oDV msgm;a (Hard Copy) •Yío (Sound)
- 41. nyq,j Ndú;d jk mß.Kl ;sr j¾. 3 ls • lef;dav lsrK k, (CRT) • øj iaMál ixo¾Yl (LCD) • wdf,dal úfudapl Èfhdav Light Emiting Diode (LED) uDÿ msgm;a ,ndfok Wmdx.
- 42. lef;dav lsrK k, (CRT)
- 43. lef;dav lsrK iys; mß.Kl ;srj, ,laIK øj iaMál ixo¾Yl ;srj, ,laIK ñ, wvqh ksl=;ajk úlsrK m%udKh by<h ;sr fi,ùu jeäh m%;spdr oelaùfï fõ.h jeäh wêl úÿ,s n,hla jeh fõ' jeä bv m%udKhla wjYH fõ' ñ, jeäh ksl=;ajk úlsrK m%udKh wvqh ;sr fi,ùu wvqh m%;spdr oelaùfï fõ.h wvqh wvq úoq,s n,hla jeh fõ wvq bv m%udKhla m%udKj;a fõ'
- 44. Light Emitting Diode - LED
- 45. nyq udOH m%lafIamlh$m%fclagrh (Multimedia Projector)
- 46. uqøK hka;% •fldgia follg fnosh yel • >Gk uqøK hka;% • fkd>Gk uqøK hka;% oDV msgm;a ,ndfok Wmdx.
- 47. >Gk uqøK hka;% fkd>Gk uqøK hka;% • fâis frdao uqølh • ;s;a kHdi uqølh • f¾Ld uqølh • ;Ska; msysß uqøK hka;%h • nqnq¨ msysß uqøK hka;%h • f,ai¾ uqøK hka;%h • ;dm ixfõos uqøK hka;%h • W!¾Ojmd;kh u.ska idhï w;=rk uqøK hka;%h
- 48. • ;s;a kHdi uqølh
- 49. ;s;a kHdi uqølhl oelsh yels ,CIK • uqøK ;;a;ajh b;d my<h • uqøK msßjeh b;d wvqh • uqøKfhaoS wêl Yíohla ksl=;a fõ' • uqøKh ùu i|yd .;jk ld,h b;d jeäh'
- 50. fma<s uqølh (Line Printer) jrlg tla fma<sh ne.ska uqøKh lrk fma<s uqølh fõ.j;ah
- 51. ;Ska; ú¥ï uqøK hka;%
- 52. ;Ska; ú¥ï uqøK hka;%j, oelsh yels ,laIK ^;Ska; msysß yd nqnq¨ msysß uqøK hka;%& • øj ;Ska; n÷kl (Cartridge) we;s ;Ska; fõ.fhka lvodish u;g úoSfuka wl=re yd rEm uqøKh fõ' • uqøKh i|yd ks,a" r;=" ly iy l¨ hk j¾K 4 Ndú;d lrkq ,efí' • uqøK msgm;l ;;a;ajh b;d by<h' • uqøs; msgm;a i|yd jeä msßjehla oeÍug isÿfõ'
- 53. f,ai¾ ;dlaIKh Ndú;d jk uqøK hka;%
- 54. f,ai¾ ;dlaIKh Ndú;d jk uqøK hka;%j, oelsh yels ,laIK • uqøK ;;a;ajh b;d by<h • uqøs; msgm;l msßjeh b;d wvqh • uqøK hka;%h i|yd jeh l< hq;= msßjeh jeäh • uqøKh fõ.j;ah • Yíohla ksl=;a fkdfõ'
- 55. ;dm uqølh (Thermal Printer) fjf<| jHdmdr" iajhxl%Sh fg,¾ hka;%h wdÈfhys ßisÜ m;a ksl=;a lsÍu iy f,an,a uqøKh i|yd nyq, j fhdod .efka'
- 56. ,l=KqlrKh (Plotter) mß.Klh wdY%s; ie,iqï ks¾udKlrKfha § ^.Dy ks¾udK ie,iqï" k.r ie,iqï" kdúl hd;%d ie,iqï jeks& nyq,j fhdod .kq ,nhs
- 58. mß.Kl moaO;sfha uQ,sl wx.h jkafka uOH ieliqï tallhhs' mß.Klfha fud<h f,i y÷kajkq ,nk uOH ieliqï tallh úOdkj,g wkqj l%shd;aul jk w;r fufyhqï moaO;sh ^Operating System& iy fhojqï uDÿldx. ^Application Software& l%shd;aul lrkakd o fõ' uOH ieliqï tallh m%Odk jYfhka fldgia ;=klska iukaú; fõ'
- 60. u;l frcsiagr wxl .Ks;uh yd ;d¾lsl tallh md,k tallh wdodk m%;sodk m%Odk u;lh oaú;Sl u;lh uOH ieliqï tallh
- 61. mß.Kl moaO;shl my; fldgia u.ska isÿjk l%shdj,sh fláfhka olajkak wdodk wxl .Ks;uh yd ;d¾lsl tallh frcsiagr u;lh md,k tallh
- 62. mß.Kl moaO;shl my; fldgia u.ska isÿjk l%shdj,sh fláfhka olajkak m%;sodk m%d:ñl u;lh oaù;Sl u;lh
- 63. uOH ieliqï tallh •md,k tallh (Control Unit) •wxl .Ks;uh yd ;d¾lsl tallh (ALU) •u;l frðiagr
- 67. mß.Kl u;lh m%d:ñl u;lh iiïNdù msúiqï u;lh mGk md;% u;lh jdrl u;lh oaú;Sl u;lh
- 68. m%d:ñl u;lh (Primary Memory) uOH ieliqï tAllhg fl,ska u m%fõY úh yels u;lh m%d:ñl wdphkh ^Primary Storage& f,i ye¢kafõ‘ th j¾. ;=klska hq;=h
- 69. iiïNdù msúiqï u;lh Random Access Memory(RAM)
- 70. ilia lsÍug fhduq lrk f;la o;a; ;djld,sl j r|jd ;nd .ekSu fuu iiïNdù msúiqï u;lfhka isÿfõ'
- 71. mGk ud;% u;lh - Read Only Memory (ROM)
- 72. mß.Klfha uQ,sl l%shdj,shg wjYH úOdk ;ekam;a lr we;af;a mGk ud;% u;lh ;=< h'
- 73. jdrl u;lh - Cache Memory uOH ieliqï tallh ^CPU& iy m%d:ñl u;lh ^Primary memory& w;r w;rueÈhd f,i fuh ks;r Ndú; jk o;a; r|jd ;nd .kS'
- 74. oaú;Shsl u;lh (Secondary Memory) wdphk Wmdx.
- 76. wdphk Wmdx. •oDV ;eáh •kuH ;eá (floppy disk), •Zip disk •Jazz Disk • ix.; ;eá (CD), • ixLHdxl nyqúO ;eá (DVD), •iek,s u;l Odjl
- 77. pqïnl udOH Wml%u - (Magnetic Media Devices)
- 78. kuH ;eá (floppy disk), •5” kuH ;eáfhys Odrs;dj 1 MB •3 ½” kuH ;eáfhys Odrs;dj 1.44 MB
- 79. Hard disk oDV ;eáh up to 4 TB
- 82. 2' m%ldY udOH (Optical media)
- 83. ix.; ;eá (CD) Odrs;dj 650-900MB
- 84. ixLHdxl nyqúO ;eá (DVD), Odrs;dj 4.7GB-16GB
- 85. Blu-ray disk, Odrs;dj 200 GB
- 87. >k ;;a;ajfha Wmdx. (Solid state devices)
- 88. iek,s u;l Odjl Odrs;dj 128MB-1TB
- 90. u;l ldâm;a (Memory card)
- 91. ndysr Wmdx. mß.Klhg iú lsÍug WmldÍ jk f;dgq $ flfjks (Computer Ports)
- 93. úÿ,s /yeka iújk ia:dkh
- 94. PS / 2 flfjksh ujqih yd h;=re mqjrej iúlsÍug Ndú; fõ'
- 95. fYa%Ks.; flfjksh (Serial Ports) ;=vq 9 iy 25 hk j¾.fhka oelsh yels fudavu fYa%Ks.; ujqi iúlsÍug Ndú;d fõ'
- 96. iudka;r flfjksh(Parallel Port) isÿre 25 lska hqla; flfjkshls' uqøK hka;%h $ iqmÍCIKh wdosh iú lsÍug Ndú; fõ'
- 97. cd,lrK flfjksh (Network Port) cd,lrKh /yeka iújk flfjKshhs
- 98. mß.Kl ;sr flfjksh (Monitor Port / VGA) újr 15 lska hqla; flfjKshls' fudksgrh yd nyq udOH m%fCIamK hka;% iú l< yelsh
- 99. HDMI flfjksh wxls; m%;sodkhla ,nd oSu i|yd kQ;k mß.Kl j, oelsh yels flfjkshls'fuh mß.Kl ;srh " nyqudOH m%lafIamlh" äðg,a rEmjdyskS hka;% iy äðg,a Yío jdyskS hka;% iïnkaO lsÍu i|yd fhdod .kq ,nhs'
- 101. úYaj fYa%Ks.; nia flfjKsh (USB – Universal Serial Bus) ckms%hu o;a; iïfma%IKh fõ.h jeäu fljKshhs' h;=re mqjrej" ujqi" uqøK hka;%" ixLHd;aul leurd" fudavu we;=¨ fndfyda WmlrK Ndú;d l< yelsh'
- 102. USB flfjKsfha we;s jdis • fndfyda WmlrK fuu flfjKshg iúl< jyd ls%hd;aul fõ‘ • Wmdx. i|yd wjYH úoq,sh o fuu flfjKsfhkau ,nd .kS‘
- 103. • Wmdx. .e,ùug úÿ,sh úikaê l< hq;= ke;‘ • o;a; iïfma%IKh fõ.h 480Mbps fõ‘ • flfjKshg úúOdldr Wmdx. 127 la iú lsÍfï yelshdj we;'
- 104. Yío Wmdx. flfjks (Sounds Port)
- 105. fudavï flfjksh wka;¾cd,h iïnkaO ùug fukau mß.Klh Ndú;d lr *elaia mKsjvhla heùug fudavï fhdod .efka' fïjd iújk flfjksh fudavï flfjKshhs'
- 106. ó,.g mrs.Kl u;lh
- 109. ^1& o;a; m%Njh - o;a; iïfma%IKh lrkakd ^2& iïfm%aIK udOH - o;a; iïfma%IKh lsÍug fhod .kakd udOH ^ÿrl:k /yeka (wired) /yeka rys; (wireless) ^3& o;a; .%dylhd - o;a;h ,nkakd
- 110. o;a; iïfma%IK úê (Data Transmission Modes)
- 112. සන්නිවේදන මාධ්ය 1 . ියමු මාධ්ය 2 . ියමු වනාවන මාධ්ය
- 113. ියමු මාධ්ය දත්ත සන්නිවේදනය සදහා වයාදා ගන්නනා ව ෞතික මාධ්යක් වෙස ියමු මාධ්ය හැදින්නිය හැක.
- 114. 1.ඇඹරූ කම්බි යුගෙ 2.සමක්ෂක වක්බෙ 3.ප්රකාශ තන්නු යනාදී වශවයන්න වමය ආකාර 3 කි.
- 115. ඇඹරූ කම්බි යුගෙ වමය ආකාර 2 කි. 1.වනාවැසුණු ඇඹරූ කම්බි යුගෙ - UTP 2.වැසුණු ඇඹරූ කම්බි යුගෙ -STP
- 116. UTP STP
- 117. සමක්ෂක වක්බල් සන්නනායක වක්බෙ යුගෙයකි. රූපවාහිි ඇන්නටනා , CCTV වක්බෙ වෙස වයාදා ගන්නනා වමය තඹ කම්බි දැෙක් ආකාරවයන්න වූ පිටත වක්බෙය වටා ිදුත් චුම්බ කත්වයක් ඇති කරයි.
- 119. ප්රකාශ තන්නු වමයද සන්නනායක වක්බෙ යුගෙකින්න යුුය.මධ්යය වීදුරු බටයක්ද ඒ වටා සිහින්න වීදුරු තන්නුද වමය වවන්න කිරීමට ප්ොසටික් ආවරණයක්ද ඇති වමහි ිවශටෂත්වය වන්නවන්න දත්ත සන්නිවේදනවේදී ආවෙෝකය පරාවතතනය වවමින්න සන්නිවේදනය වීමයි.
- 121. fN!;sl udOH fhdod .ekSulska f;drj jd;h yryd ix{d f,i o;a; iïfma%IKh lsÍu kshuq fkdjk udOHh f,i yeÈkafõ' kshuq fkdjk udOH (Unguided/ Wireless)
- 122. • .=jka úÿ,s ;rx. (Radio waves) • laIqø ;rx. (Microwaves) • pkaøsld o;a; iïfma%IKh Satellite communication • wfOdarla; lsrK (Infrared) kshuq fkdjk udOH (Unguided/ Wireless)
- 124. .=jka úÿ,s ;rx. (Radio waves) jhs *hs (Wifi) iy íÆgQ;a (Bluetooth) .=jka úÿ,s ;rx. u; l%shdlsÍï i|yd WodyrK fõ'.
- 125. laIqø ;rx. මාධ්යය ිදුත් චුම්බ ක තරංග ිවශටෂයකි. අධි සංඛ්යාත ගුවන්න ිදුලි තරංග laIqø ;rx. වෙස හඳුන්නවයි. laIqø ;rx. (Microwaves)
- 126. pkaøsld iïfma%IKh (Satellite communication ) mDථීියට ඉහළින්න භ්රමණය වවමින්න සංිවේදනයට මඟ පෑදිම සඳහා pkaøsld ාිතා කරනු ෙබයි.
- 127. වමවැි චන්නිකා පෘථිියට ිශටිත උසක සිට ිවශටෂ වේගයකින්න පෘථීිය වවේ භ්රමණය වවමින්න පෘථිියට සාවප්කෂව pkaøsld ව ිසෙව පවත්වා ගනී. එම ිසා වපාළවවහි ඇති pkaøsld හුවමාරු මධ්යසටථාන වෙට භ්රමණය වවන pkaøsld සැම ිටම වයාමුව පවතී.
- 128. pkaøsld වයාදා ගැිවමන්න සංිවේදනය සිදු වන ිසා වොව එක් වකළවරක සිදුවන වදය එම වමාවහාවත්ම අවනක් වකළවරට සම්බවේෂණය කෙ හැකිය.
- 129. wfOdarla; lsrK (Infrared) /yeka rys; h;=re mqjre iy uQisl md,kh i|yd wfOdarla; lsrK o;a; iïfma%IK udOHh f,i fhdod .kq ,nhs'
- 130. mß.Kl cd, iïnkaO lsÍfï Wmdx.
- 131. cd,lrK w;=re uqyqK;a ldâm; ^Network interface card&•fuh mß.Klhg iú lr we;' wm úiska by; wjia:djl § bf.k .kak ,o o;a; iïfma%IK kshuq udOHhla ^Guided$ Wired& mß.Klhg iïnkaO jkafka cd,lrK w;=re uqyqK;a ldâmf;ys ^Network interface card& we;s cd,lrK flfjkshg ^RJ 45& h'
- 132. iaúph fyda kdNs - (Switch / Hub) mß.Kl folla fyda Bg jeä m%udKhla fyda w;r iïnkaO;djla f.dvke.Su i|yd ueÈy;alre f,i l%shdlrkafka iaúph fyda kdNshhs'
- 133. • iaúpfhys iy kdNsfhys we;s fjkialï lsysmhla" • m%Odk;u fjki jkafka yqjudre fõ.hhs' mß.Kl cd,fhys we;s mß.Kl w;r f;dr;=re yqjudrefõ § kdNsh yqjudre lrkq ,nk f;dr;=re ish¨u mß.Kl fj; fhduq flfrk w;r iaúph f;dr;=re fhduq lrkafka wod< mß.Klh fj; muKs' fuys § kdNsh úiska wkjYH ;onohla we;s lrkq ,nhs' •f;dr;=re yqjudrefõ § kdNs l%shd;aul lrkafka w¾O oaúm: ^half duplex& úê l%uhg jk w;r iaúph mQ¾K oaúm: ^Full duplex& úê l%uh fhdod .efka'
- 134. f¾äfhda ;rx. u.ska b;d fõ.j;a mß.Kl cd, iïnkaO;djla fuka u cx.u ÿrl:k yd ,emafgdma mß.Kl i|ydfõ.j;a wka;¾cd, iïnkaO;djla we;s lsÍug iu;a udOHh jhs- *hs wevmagrhhs' jhs- *hs wevmagr
- 135. ud¾.lh (Router) mß.Kl cd, folla fyda Bg jeä ixLHdjl iïnkaO;dj we;s lsÍug fhdod .kakd Wmdx.h ud¾.lhhs ^Router&
- 136. fudvuh o;a; mßj¾;lfhl= f,i l%shd lrhs' tkï mß.Klfhys we;s wxls; $ äðg,a (Digital) o;a; yd f;dr;=re m%;siu ix{d f,i o m%;siu ix{d f,iska mj;sk o;a; yd f;dr;=re kej; wxls; ix{d njg m;alrhs'
- 137. .sksmjqr (Firewall) •.sksmjqr mß.Kl cd, wdrlaIl moaO;shls‘ wka;¾cd,h iy mß.Kl cd, w;r o;a; iy f;dr;=re iïfma%Ikh md,kh lsÍug wjYH úêúOdk fuys wvx.= h'
- 138. •fiajdfhdacl mß.Kl (Server) •by< msßú;rhkaf.ka (High Configuration) iukaú; fuu mß.Kl cd,h md,kh lrhs' •fiajd,dNS mß.Kl(Client) •mß.Kl cd,fha fiajdjka ,nd .kakd mß.Klh
- 139. mß.Kl cd, j¾.
- 140. ia:dkSh m%foaY cd, Local Area Network (LAN) f.dvke.s,a,l ldurhla ;=< fyda ldur lsysmhla iïnkaO lrñka ia:dms; lrkq ,nk mß.Kl cd,hla ia:dkSh m%foaY cd,hla f,iska ye¢kafõ'
- 143. mqrjr m%foaY cd, (Metropolitan Area Network- MAN) ls'ó 16la fyda Bg wvq m%foaYhla wdjrKh jk wdldrfhka ia:dk .; lr we;s" ia:dkSh m%foaY cd, lsysmhl tl;=jla mqrjr m%foaY cd,hla f,i ye¢kaúh yels h'
- 144. mq¿,a m%foaY cd, (Wide Area Network - WAN) b;d mq¿,a m%foaYhla wdjrKh jk mßoafoka ks¾udKh flreKq cd," mq¿,a m%foaY cd, f,iska oelafõ''
- 145. cd, ia:, úoHdj (Network Topology)
- 149. Tree Topology