Identification of persuasive elements in Islamic knowledge website using Kansei engineering

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Vol. 8, No. 1, March 2019, pp. 313~319
ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1435  313
Journal homepage: http://beei.org/index.php/EEI
Identification of persuasive elements in Islamic knowledge
website using Kansei engineering
Nor Aziah Daud1
, Nurul Izzati Aminudin2
, Fauziah Redzuan3
, Noraidah Sahari Ashaari4
,
Zurina Muda5
1,2,3
Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
4,5
Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Sep 30, 2018
Revised Oct 14, 2018
Accepted Nov 19, 2018
The global explosions of the internet and direct use by individuals,
organizations and Islamic scholars to spread the knowledge and events have
witnessed massive growth over the years. The users refuse to use online
Islamic websites as references which causes the acceptance rate of the online
learning method still low. This paper presents the identifications of
persuasive elements in Islamic knowledge website. The objective of this
study is to identify the persuasive element using Kansei Engineering (KE)
method for online Islamic knowledge website design. Therefore, Kansei
words related to online Islamic knowledge were identified. After that, the
Kansei words (KWs) were evaluated in order to be used as persuasive
elements. Ten specimens of Islamic websites were chosen and evaluated with
30 emotions of KWs. 38 students from one of the public universities
accomplished the evaluation experiment. The gathered KWs were then
analyzed using multivariate analysis such as Factor Analysis to identify the
persuasive elements. Based on Factor Analysis, the finding of this research
revealed four main pillars which are credibility-motivated, reliability, Islamic
identity and functional. The two additional pillars are updated and belief. The
pillars were then compared with the persuasive elements in the previous
research. Although there are some limitations and constraint during the
conduct of the research, this study also contributes to the design persuasive
elements for Islamic website knowledge in the future.
Keywords:
Islamic online knowledge
Kansei words
Kansei engineering
Persuasive elements
Persuasive system design
Copyright © 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
Nor Aziah Daud,
Department of Information Technology,
Universiti Teknologi MARA,
40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Email: aziah@tmsk.uitm.edu.my
1. INTRODUCTION
Internet diffusion in Malaysia stands at 67%, making it credible to enhance the utilization of online
learning, thereby globalizing the knowledge attainment. Online learning continues to put on view serious
issues of low retention rates [1]. Failure to understand the content, user’s satisfaction and user’s motivation
are the factors that contributed to the reason of the dropout in online courses [1, 2]. Muslims need some
references online to learn Islamic knowledge as alternative to face-to-face classes, however Islamic
knowledge provided on websites does not meet with the users’ expectations and needs [3]. Muslim must
continuously learn Islamic knowledge because it is compulsory for a Muslim and to attain success in this life
and hereafter. The Islamic websites lack of valid references and the layout is usually difficult to explore [4].
Due to that reason, online Islamic knowledge is refused to be used as reference causing the acceptance rate
for the online learning method to be low.

 ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng and Inf, Vol. 8, No. 1, March 2019 : 313 – 319
314
In order to give a solution to the problem, online learning for Islamic knowledge must accomplish
some innovation to the design. Persuasive design has been applied in other domains and is expected to be
used as a guide to online learning for Islamic content knowledge. Currently, there are still limited
investigations done on how specific persuasive features and functionalities should assimilate within online
knowledge as well as in online Islamic knowledge [5]. Thus, the persuasive elements have to be identified
using an appropriate method.
Kansei Engineering (KE) is known as a verified method that enables the triggering of emotions and
unites them to specific design elements. KE refers to technology that expresses human psychological feeling
into design criteria [6]. Kansei means mental function or precisely known as function of the higher brain, and
therefore it is suitable to be implied in this situation [7-11]. The process of Kansei begins with collecting
sensory-related functions such as feelings, emotions, and intuition, through five senses, which are; vision,
hearing, odor, taste and skin sensation [9, 11]. Due to these reasons, KE is selected as the method of this
study since KE is the most appropriate approach in order to meet the objective of this research. Kansei
engineering has been used to identify the persuasive elements based on appropriate online website as
specimens for the research. The Kansei words related to persuasive element are then recognized.
Indisputably, the delivery of the right contents to the users with appropriate design results in effective
learning including in online learning [12]. The principle of persuasive technology is as a medium in raising
awareness and usage of uncomplicated knowledge website [13, 14].
2. RESEARCH METHOD
The method of this research is adopted Kansei Engineering Methodology Type II, - KE System
which is adapted from [11], [15]. The phases in Figure 1 show the process involved in this research. The
process starts with the theoretical study, identification of specimens and Kansei words followed by the
Kansei evaluation, the analysis phase and the design recommendation phase.
Figure 1. Kansei engineering process

Bulletin of Electr Eng and Inf ISSN: 2302-9285 
Identification of persuasive elements in Islamic knowledge website using Kansei… (Nor Aziah Daud)
315
Phase 1–Determine the problem of the research. As initiation in this research, literature review has
been performed in order to identify issues and problems occurred in Islamic online knowledge. A preliminary
study was conducted on 30 users from local university using questionnaire. Problem statement, research
questions and research objective were defined based on findings from literature and preliminary study. The
activities in this phase then identify website specimens, investigate the design elements in which specimen
site features are selected. Ten specimens were selected based on the similar theme of the sites.
Phase 2-Identify important emotions and specimens for Islamic online website. Kansei words
(KWs) has been chosen based on the relationship between design elements in each specimen. KW is a word
consisting of adjectives, nouns or short sentence that applies to guest feedback and can represent the
emotions of Muslims on research specimens. 30 emotions that relate to persuasive condition are selected
which was adopted from previous research [16].
During the assessment procedure, 28 people were chosen to be the subject of evaluation. According
to [17], a total of 20 to 30 people are sufficient to be used as test subjects. All subjects were randomly
selected with the requirement that at least they had experience in using Islamic knowledge websites. Before
the assessment, all subjects were briefed and advised to complete the assessment test based on their feelings
towards the specimens.
Each participant was used by the subject to assess their emotions against each specimen. The
participants were given specific time to answer the questions referring to Kansei method, where it took 2 to 3
seconds to answer the questions [10]. Subjects were required to test each specimen given where they need to
assess their emotions using 5 Likert scales.
Phase 3-This phase explains the results of the entire Kansei assessment conducted. Data analysis
requires several operations that need to be done such as setting up categories, categorizing raw data through
coding, tabulation and then depicting statistical conclusions [18]. In this study, data are considered as a
requirement of the Islamic knowledge website where they are presented in statistical analysis. Using the JMP
statistics analysis software, the data were classified as the most positive website, using Principle Component
Analysis (PCA) which is Kansei semantic space. Kansei words are usually shown using Factor Analysis.
Phase 4-The last phase in the process of the investigation methodology is the interpretation of the
results which is a combination of Kansei words and persuasive design of the report writing.
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The finding of this research is expected to identify elements of persuasive in association with
specific emotion to be used in designing online knowledge for Islamic content. This finding was obtained
from Factor Analysis (FA), Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square (PLS) by using
the average evaluation data. FA and PCA with a varimax rotation were performed to identify the Kansei
words for this research. From FA, variance analysis result was obtained to determine the most significant
factors of emotion as illustrated in Table 1.
Table 1 shows variance analysis. From this table, it is seen that the first factor has the highest
variance value of 7.1701818, representing 23.90% of the data. The second, third and fourth factors also
represent the majority of the factors which contributed 19.55%, 17.89 and 17.04% of the data respectively.
The total contribution of four first factors is 78.38% of the variability. Thus, Factor 1, Factor 2 Factor 3, and
Factor 4 may have dominant influence on emotion semantic space within the domain under investigation. As
for the fifth factor which gains 11:59%, the representation of data may still expand, thus factor 5 is
considered as an important factor. The sixth factor and minimum values can be ignored because they are
considered as less affected emotional structure. In other words, they can be evaluated as insignificant. The
selection of these factors is consistent with the results obtained from the Eigenvalue.
Table 1. Variance analysis
Factor Variance Percent (%) Cumulative Percentage (%)
Factor 1 7.1701818 23.900606 23.90060605
Factor 2 5.8648355 19.549452 43.45005767
Factor 3 5.3656565 17.885522 61.33557935
Factor 4 5.113231 17.044103 78.37968275
Factor 5 3.4782819 11.594273 89.97395566
Factor 6 1.2474927 4.158309 94.13226468
Figure 2 shows the loading factor results of factor analysis after varimax rotation was performed.
The results are then arranged in descending order to allow for semantic space observation. A value of
approximately 0.6 is considered as the reference value. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the
semantic space for online Islamic knowledge are structured based on four main factors or pillars and two

 ISSN: 2302-9285
316
additional factors. The main pillars are credibility-motivated, reliability, Islamic identity and functional.
Meanwhile, the additional pillars are updated and belief.
Figure 2. Partial view of the factor analysis of the kansei words
The first pillar, credibility-motivated includes the Kansei words such as Credibility, Standard,
Motivate, Legitimacy, Confident, Authority, Trust, Easy to find, and Iman. The second pillar includes the
Kansei words such as Reliability, Attractiveness, Interactivity, Satisfied and Good layout, while the third
pillar includes the Kansei words such as Islamic identity, Simple, Ethical value, Good information and
Consistency. The forth pillar includes the Kansei words such as Functional, Good Impression, Acceleration,
Convenience and Usable. The first additional pillar includes Updated, Relevance and Ease of access whereas
the second additional pillar includes only one Kansei word which is Belief.
Figure 3 shows the two-dimensional representation matrix for factor load of a certain number of
components. The loading label loads the variable for 30 Kansei words. To identify emotions, the
investigation was conducted by PCA to determine the emotional structure of the specimen. The positive
words show on the right of x-axis, while negative words are shown towards the left of x-axis. The positive
and negative numbers in each axis plots do not represent positive or negative values, but they represent
semantic dimension. PCA is one of the important analytical approaches that allow the reduction of the
dimensions at little as possible to understand the meaning of data. At the top part of y-axis, emotional words
that have large positive load are Updated credibility, Relevance and Legitimacy.
Figure 3. PCA component analysis of kansei words
As seen in Figure 4, based on the dimension of Factor 1, credibility-motivated and Factor 2,
reliability, specimens J, I and C are more credibility-motivated and have more reliability. These three
specimens’ website contents are found to have high positive emotions based on 30 Kansei words. According
to the Semantic Kansei space of credibility and reliability, specimens J, I and C can be the appropriate design

317
elements for Kansei's emotions. Figure 5 shows websites chosen as specimens and the alphabet A to J
represents the specimen.
Figure 4. Principle component analysis of specimens based on credibility-motivated and reliability
Figure 5. Website and specimen numbers
Based on FA result, it can be concluded that the semantic space for Kansei words on Islamic online
knowledge are structured based on four main pillars and two additional factors. The main pillars are
credibility-motivated, reliability, Islamic identity and functional. Meanwhile, the additional pillars are
defined as updated and belief. Further to that, this research has found out the integration between Kansei
words and persuasive elements for Islamic online knowledge.
By using the Kansei engineering, this study has developed a model to summarize finding of the
study and shown as research model in Figure 6. There are some persuasive elements that are selected to be
used in the design. Other than that, this research has identified three new persuasive elements suggested to be
used in designing Islamic knowledge website which are; Acceleration, Islamic identity and Iman. These new
persuasive elements are hoped to enhance the design of Islamic online knowledge websites to make the
design more persuasive which will trigger users’ emotion towards gaining Islamic knowledge through online
applications. Based on previous studies, there are 15 existing elements which are similar with existing
persuasive elements from the findings of this research.

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Figure 6. Research model
4. CONCLUSION
This paper has presented persuasive elements in Islamic knowledge website. Based on the findings,
the objectives of this research have been achieved. First, there are four main pillars and two additional pillars
that refer to the emotions which is the structure of semantic space for online Islamic knowledge. The main
pillars are credibility-motivated, reliability, Islamic identity and functional. Meanwhile, the additional pillars
are updated and belief.
The important emotions for online Islamic knowledge based on the first pillar are Credibility,
Standard, Motivate, Legitimacy, Confident, Authority, Trust, Easy to find, Iman and Good Quality. The
second pillar includes Reliability, Attractiveness, Interactivity, Satisfied and Good Layout, whereas the third
pillar includes Islamic identity, Simple, Ethical value, Good information and Consistency. The forth pillar
includes Functional, Good Impression, Acceleration, Convenience and Usable. The first additional pillar
includes Updated, Relevance and Ease of access, while the second additional pillar is Belief.
The results from the research have identified fifteen Kansei words that have been chosen using KE
method similar with persuasive element in previous research on persuasive. The research also found the three
new Kansei words that can be used as persuasive elements for online Islamic knowledge. Overall, the
findings of this research is hoped to help in design and development of online Islamic knowledge such as
website. This research is also hoped to be a starting effort providing a guideline for other researchers to
establish many types of research related to online approach and Islamic knowledge. The identification of the
persuasive elements for design online Islamic knowledge website hopefully can increase the acceptance rate
from users
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank to the Ministry of Education Malaysia and also to the Research
Management Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) for the research support, their valuable and
input to the project.
REFERENCES
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Islamic Identity
Iman
Online Islamic Knowledge
Design

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