The document discusses how white light is dispersed through a prism into the visible color spectrum. When setting up the apparatus with a prism, glass screen, and ray box, the observer would see white light separate into red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet colors. The document also addresses how rainbows are formed through the refraction of sunlight in water droplets and that the observer must stand with the sunlight behind them to see a rainbow.