This document discusses concepts related to visual realism in computer graphics such as illumination, shading, lighting models, and surface reflectance. It provides information on different types of lights including ambient, directional, point lights and spotlights. It also covers surface reflectance models including diffuse, specular, and the Phong and Blinn-Phong lighting models which combine elements of ambient, diffuse and specular reflection. Key concepts discussed include Lambert's cosine law, Fresnel equations, and the use of vectors and angles to calculate diffuse and specular reflection.