Immobility as well-being - creating alternatives to pro-mobility discourses
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The document discusses the shift from traditional pro-mobility discourses to the concept of immobility as a form of well-being, emphasizing the need for transport policies that prioritize people's fulfilment over mere economic output. It presents a holistic research agenda focused on eudaimonic well-being, highlighting the potential benefits and drawbacks of immobility, including fostering local communities and possible disconnection from broader networks. The authors advocate for a nuanced understanding of well-being that encompasses both mobility and immobility in transport discussions.
![Understanding “well-being”
“In light of travel behaviour research’s strong roots in
utility theory [i.e. economics], this bias towards hedonic
well-Two views being on
is no surprise. But well-being is more than
satisfaction”
well-being
Vos, J. et al. (2013)
Hedonic
(satisfaction)
Eudaimonic
(self-realisation)
Presence of positive feelings
Absence of negative feelings
Overall satisfaction with life
Self-acceptance
Positive social relationships
Personal growth
Actually, it seems common-sense that feeling “fulfilled”
Purpose in life
is more important that feeling “satisfied”.
Environmental mastery
Autonomy
Personal expression
Diener, E. (2009). The science of well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener,
volume 1. Dordrecht: Springer.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the
meaning of psychological wellbeing.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081.
Vos, J. D., Schwanen, T., Acker, V. V., & Witlox, F. (2013). Travel and subjective
well-being: A focus on findings, methods and future research needs. Transport
Reviews, 33(4), 421-442.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ferreirargsimmotilityaswell-being-140911091658-phpapp01/85/Immobility-as-well-being-creating-alternatives-to-pro-mobility-discourses-8-320.jpg)
Immobility as well-being - creating alternatives to pro-mobility discourses
- 1. Immobility as well-being Creating alternatives to pro-mobility discourses Antonio Ferreira – University of Leeds Luca Bertolini – University of Amsterdam Petter Næss – Norwegian Univ. of Life Sciences Greg Marsden – University of Leeds Dr Antonio Ferreira Email: a.c.ferreira@leeds.ac.uk Research Fellow in Governance and Transport Policies Institute for Transport Studies University of Leeds
- 2. Setting up a vision for transport
- 3. Vision element 1: from transport for GDP to well-being In the UK: “It is increasingly understood that traditional economic measures are necessary, but not sufficient, to reflect a nation's overall progress or well-being.” ONS. (2012). First ONS Annual Experimental Subjective Well-Being Results. Retrieved from http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171766_272294.pdf In France: “the time is ripe for our measurement system to shift emphasis from measuring economic production to measuring people’s well-being. And measures of well-being should be put in a context of sustainability.” Stiglitz, J. E., Sen, A., & Fitoussi, J.-P. (2009). Report by the commission on the measurement of economic performance and social progress. Retrieved from www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr
- 4. Vision element 2: from carbon intensive to… something else! The Stern Review: “The benefits of strong, early action on climate change outweigh the costs.” Stern, N., Peters, S., Bakhshi, V., Bowen, A., Cameron, C., Catovsky, S., . . . Zenghelis, D. (2006). Stern Review: The economics of climate change. London: HM Treasury. Retrieved from http://www.wwf.se/source.php/1169157/Stern%20Report_Exec%20Summary.pdf
- 5. Vision: Transport sustainability meets well-being… but how? Electric cars Cycling “Maker Faire” Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Electric _car_charging_Amsterdam.jpg Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ciclism o_en_Amsterdam.jpg Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goats_ and_cheesemaking_workshop,_Maker_F aire_2011.jpg
- 7. Understanding “well-being” Two views on well-being Hedonic (satisfaction) Eudaimonic (fulfilment with life) Diener, E. (2009). The science of well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener, volume 1. Dordrecht: Springer. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. Vos, J. D., Schwanen, T., Acker, V. V., & Witlox, F. (2013). Travel and subjective well-being: A focus on findings, methods and future research needs. Transport Reviews, 33(4), 421-442. Presence of positive feelings Absence of negative feelings Overall satisfaction with life Self-acceptance Positive social relationships Personal growth Purpose in life Environmental mastery Autonomy Personal expression
- 8. Understanding “well-being” “In light of travel behaviour research’s strong roots in utility theory [i.e. economics], this bias towards hedonic well-Two views being on is no surprise. But well-being is more than satisfaction” well-being Vos, J. et al. (2013) Hedonic (satisfaction) Eudaimonic (self-realisation) Presence of positive feelings Absence of negative feelings Overall satisfaction with life Self-acceptance Positive social relationships Personal growth Actually, it seems common-sense that feeling “fulfilled” Purpose in life is more important that feeling “satisfied”. Environmental mastery Autonomy Personal expression Diener, E. (2009). The science of well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener, volume 1. Dordrecht: Springer. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. Vos, J. D., Schwanen, T., Acker, V. V., & Witlox, F. (2013). Travel and subjective well-being: A focus on findings, methods and future research needs. Transport Reviews, 33(4), 421-442.
- 10. The relationships between well-being and mobility Well-being is affected by… …the experience of mobility itself. …experiences while being mobile. …activity participation enabled by mobility. …the possibility of / the potential of travelling. Vos, J. D., Schwanen, T., Acker, V. V., & Witlox, F. (2013). Travel and subjective well-being: A focus on findings, methods and future research needs. Transport Reviews, 33(4), 421-442.
- 11. The relationships between well-being and mobility However, a bias towards mobility is present here. Well-being is affected by… …the experience of mobility itself. …experiences while being mobile. …activity participation enabled by mobility. …the possibility of / the potential of travelling. What about immobility? Vos, J. D., Schwanen, T., Acker, V. V., & Witlox, F. (2013). Travel and subjective well-being: A focus on findings, methods and future research needs. Transport Reviews, 33(4), 421-442.
- 12. The relationships between well-being and mobility Retrieved from http://wisdomquarterly.blogspot.co.uk/2011/02/bodhi-tree-to-be-planted-in-india-for.html
- 13. The relationships between well-being and mobility Mobility and wings “Having wings to fly” Common saying “Flying too high can burn wings” Element of Icarus myth Immobility and roots “Deep roots are not reached by the frost” J.R.R. Tolkien “Leaving home's a cinch. It's the staying, once you've found it, that takes courage.” Catherine Watson
- 15. Introducing “immotility” ‘Motility’ (Kaufmann) ‘Immotility’ ‘Stagnancy’ Mobility as well-being Immobility as well-being Frequent mobility practices Frequent immobility practices ‘Liquidity’ (Bauman) Ferreira, Bertolini, Naess, Marsden (Under review). Immotility as Resilience. Environment and Planning A
- 16. The pro-immotility discourse: Potential benefits and drawbacks (and therefore not a panacea)
- 17. The pro-immotility discourse: benefits and drawbacks POTENTIAL BENEFITS POTENTIAL DRAWBACKS DIMENSION Subjective individual - Sense of belonging - Kinship ties - Sense of boredom - Sense of confinement Political - Development of local communities - Empowerment - Beyond geographical competition logic - Disempowerment - Driven by / leading to xenophobia and narrow-mindedness Sustainability and resilience - Reduced mobility - Responsible local production and consumption - Independence from global downturns - Disconnection from wider networks of supply, support and rescue Implementation - Opportunity for innovation - Sharp U-turn from present logic Economy - Opportunity to develop a Steady-State Economy - Sharp U-turn from present logic
- 18. A critique on current (pro-mobility) discourses
- 19. A critique on current (pro-mobility) discourses ‘Motility’ (Kaufmann) ‘Immotility’ ‘Stagnancy’ Mobility as well-being Immobility as well-being Frequent mobility practices Frequent immobility practices ‘Liquidity’ ‘Vagabondism” (Bauman) Ferreira, Bertolini, Naess, Marsden (Under review). Immotility as Resilience. Environment and Planning A
- 20. Conclusion The need for a holistic research agenda for transport centred on eudaimonic well-being
- 21. The need for a holistic research agenda ‘Motility’ (Kaufmann) Eudaimonic well-being at the heart of transport (as “fulfilment” is more important than “satisfaction”… no?) ‘Immotility’ ‘Stagnancy’ Mobility as well-being (wings) Immobility as well-being (roots) Frequent mobility practices Frequent immobility practices ‘Liquidity’ (Bauman) Ferreira, Bertolini, Naess, Marsden (Under review). Immotility as Resilience. Environment and Planning A