Implementation model architecture software defined network using raspberry Pi: a review paper

TELKOMNIKA, Vol.17, No.3, June 2019, pp.1136~1141
ISSN: 1693-6930, accredited First Grade by Kemenristekdikti, Decree No: 21/E/KPT/2018
DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v17i3.8859  1136
Received February 3, 2018; Revised February 5, 2019; Accepted March 5, 2019
Implementation model architecture software defined
network using raspberry Pi: a review paper
Oki Marzuqi*1
, Agus Virgono2
, Ridha Muldina Negara3
1,2,3
Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia
3
Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia
*Corresponding author, e-mail: jukidong@student.telkomuniversity.ac.id1
,
avirgono@telkomuniversity.ac.id2
, ridhanegara@telkomuniversity.ac.id3
Abstract
Software defined network (SDN) made with basic concepts that are different from traditional
networks in controlling the network, the separation between the control layer and forwarding layer on
different devices allows the administrator to adjust the control plan for all devices centralized in one action,
while in traditional network, the control and forwarding layers are located in the infrastructure making
network administrator must manage devices one by one. Research using single board computers on
network technology provides an opportunity to implement SDN architecture. Raspberry Pi has sufficient
ability. QoS results meet the ITU-T G.1010 reference which indicates that Raspberry Pi can be used on
designed networks.
Keywords: network management, raspberryPi, SDN
Copyright © 2019 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
The development of network technology that continues to grow with the increase of
Internet-of-Thing devices and applications. In traditional networks that are capable of supporting
vendor-specific policies and do not offer flexibility for dynamic network environments [1].
With the lack of traditional networks, this shows frustration to meet the demands of rapid
development because all components in the chain are integrated to form complex structures
that are difficult to manage easily. Software Defined Network is considered as a technology that
is able to efficiently manage all network infrastructure and transform the complex into a simple
and manageable network architecture. In data conventional network paths (forwarding fields)
and controls (control fields) in one-on-one devices in certain network software networks that
separate packet data lines (forwarding fields) and controls (control fields) [2].
Arguments related to the needs of Software Defined Network, one of which is cost as a
driving factor for switching from traditional networks [3-5] does not rule out internet of thing
devices can reduce costs for building network SDNs and network topology controls so complex
and can reduce the costs needed to build a network, Raspberry Pi is included in the category of
single board computers with the ability to run desktop applications that have specifications that
are able to implement the Network Design Software Architecture that is modeled, which later
functions as a controller is a server capable of managing network topology. This controller is
then connected to the switch and has an internet network originating from the router. In this
study, a network was built to help administrators to easily manage the network for a centralized
control unit on the controller using a raspberry pi. In addition, the results of its application to
resource use and quality of service (QoS) were also measured.
2. General Architecture
Software-defined networking (SDN) is an emerging networking paradigm that gives
hope to change the limitations of current network infrastructures [6]. Software Defined Network
(SDN) is a network architecture that appears where the control field is separated from the
forwarding field and can be programmed directly. Transfer controllers, which were previously
tied to each network device, become accessible to the network infrastructure that allows

TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 1693-6930 
Implementation model architecture software defined network using raspberry Pi... (Oki Marzuqi)
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computing devices to be summarized as network applications and services [7, 8], with the
separator functions Datapath Plane and Control Plane required protocols useful for
interconnection one another [9]. This is illustrated in Figure 1. SDN is futuristic architecture that
is powerful, easy to manage, less expensive and flexible [10]. At present, there are several
protocols being developed. Some OpenFlow protocols were developed by Stanford University
and later in the following period were managed directly by the Open Network Foundation (ONF).
ONF is a nonprofit consortium dedicated to development, standardization, and
commercialization of SDN [11-12].
In Figure 2 shows architecture of Software Defined Network (SDN), any layer can work
independently and communicate through the network interface to provide the function of layered
different physical devices. Aspects of this architecture allow a network administrator to address
some of the challenges in the world of computer networks [13-14]. In Figure 2 shows there are 3
layers on software architecture defined network (SDN) [15].
- Infrastructure Layer consisting of the elements of the network and the hardware that runs the
functions switching and packet forwarding.
- Control Layer provides functionality controls that monitoring the behavior of the network
forwarding via open interfaces.
- Application Layer serve to provide an interface in the creation of application programs which
will then manage and optimize network are good and flexible
Figure 1. Difference SDN with traditional network [12] Figure 2. Layer on SDN [14]
2.1. Single Board Computer
Single board computer (SBC) is a complete computer designed at microprocessor with
circuit boards, memory, input/output (I/O) and other features which are commonly used on
computers with appropriate industry standards and interfaces to support the development of
technology. SBC was used for the development of a system or for the purpose of learning.
This computer is very wide usage [16]. Raspberry Pi provides full online support and very
routine repair bugs that exist on the device. with the specification and support for the
development of the Internet of Thing SBC often used for research and development of learning
[16] with affordability and pretty hefty specs to run desktop applications.
2.2. OpenFlow
OpenFlow is a control interface that allows programming the switch on the data plan [8].
OpenFlow is the primary protocol in a network SDN because administrators can directly control
the traffic packets on a forward plan or data plan via interface OpenFlow. OpenFlow defines the
infrastructure of flow-based forwarding and Application Programmatic interface (API) standard
that allows the controller to direct the function of the switches through a secure channel

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(the secure channel) [17]. Although SDN and OpenFlow started as academic experiments [18],
they gained significant traction in the industry over the past few years. In Figure 3 shows that
OpenFlow switch can be divided into three parts [13]:
- Flow table in Figure 3 that indicates that the switch should process the flow in it. List of flow
was made based on actions which intersect directly with each flow [19].
- The Secure channel is required to connect a switch with the controller. Through this channel,
OpenFlow provides communication between the switch and controller through a protocol
called protocol OpenFlow.
- OpenFlow Protocol. This Protocol provides a standard and open communication between the
controllers and switches. OpenFlow protocol determines to interface where flow will be
applied from the flow table of OpenFlow Switch.
Figure 3. OpenFlow switch components [19]
OpenFlow switch on there is a table that contains three parts: the rule, action, and
statistics [13]. The rule reads the header-the header of each layer such as mac address,
IP address, port number, protocol and the other to determine the package that will go to the
switch. The action is the action that will be performed if there is a package that goes into the
switch and according to the rule, in the form of the command to forward the packet to the
destination or drop packets and more. In Figure 4 shows the flow table in OpenFlow Switch
contains statistics from each of the flow in the form of the number of packages and the number
of bytes [20].
Figure 4. OpenFlow table [18, 21]
2.3. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol that is able to automatically
manage and distribute the Information routing between networks following any change to the

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network dynamically. OSPF is a fast converging routing protocol [22]. To route packages, OSPF
calculates the shortest path tree for each route using a method based on Dijkstra's
Algorithm [23]. To determine the shortest path, OSPF requires granting weight each link in the
network. Weighted distributed link as link state [24]. The domain for the OSPF autonomous
system located in one (us) [25].
3. Implementation
The resulting devices can function and generate the resulting exodus as expected. In
Figure 5 shows the design of system implementation diagram block. At this stage, will be
conducted a series of trials to test the results of the application on the device. Throughput: in
this test will be tested speed (rate) data transfer, according to the reference standard QoS ITU-T
G.1010 Performance: this will be tested on testing measurements of performance. Such as CPU
Usage and the Memory used Resource controller and see if the system had worked in real-time.
Figure 5. System implementation diagram block
4. Review Work
Table 1 illustrates the research paper that deals directly with propose solutions
and enhancements. Various SDN architectures can be implemented by using OpenFLow
standar with statisfied result with complies to many standar as ITU-G.1010, has been
implemented using Mininet RouteFLow, OpenDayLight, with OSPF and Smart OSPF to
meassure the effect of routing protocols on system perfomance with various QoS methods.
5. Comparison
Successful virtualization of networks on the implementation of OpenFlow network SDN,
provide flexibility for all vendors who used to handle complex network on conventional networks,
the development of quite a lot of features provided on its users. The papers compare OSPF
protocol using the Mininet RouteFLow implementation of OpenFlow with conventional networks
with result that OSPF in RouteFLow has shorter failover time than OSPF and RIPv2 in the
conventional network also the throughput of RouteFlow decline along with the magnitude of the
given background traffic, and decrease with an increasing number of switches.
OSPF using RouteFlow on the network SDN aims to detect network topology changes
quickly in a large network, but in mixed network between SDN and conventional network
Smart-OSPF is use in form of Hybrid-SDN (H-SDN). QoS can be achieved by prioritizing
important broadband data traffic over the less important one. SDN QoS based routing in
Raspberry Pi generates enormous control possibilities and enables automation, modification
cost has an impact on the performance of views based on its value for QoS results and
convergent times. Lower delay and jitter values archived in SDN with cost compared other
topologies.

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Table 1. The Objective of SDN Research Paper
No
Literature Review
Title of Paper Author Objective
1 Analisis Performansi
Perutingan Link
State Menggunakan
Algoritma Djikstra
Pada Platform SDN
[7]
Abu Riza S
et al.
Link state ISIS can be implemented on platform SDN. Throughtput
value decline with the magnitude of the given background traffic, and
nearly all experiments showed a decreaseing value of the packet lost
with increasing number of switches.
2 On the Resilience of
Software Defined
Routing Platform
Pengcheng
et al.
Emulator Mininet and switches are used to compare OpenFlow and
traditional distribution protocol. OSPF generates in the RouteFlow
reach the failover time shorter than the OSPF and RIPv2 in switches
3 Performance
Evaluation of
OpenDaylight SDN
Controller
Zuhran
et al.
This journal examines performance analysis of Floodlight and
OpenDaylight. The results of the test using OpenDaylight Cbench
shows that it has problems with the use of the memory resource. This
testing found the failure in OpenDaylight with certain latecy
percentage per switch.
4 QoS-based Routing
over Software
Defined Networks
Andrew
Kucminski,
et al.
The researcher made a trial using a Raspberry Pi computer on the
original SDN network as a virtual SDN switch managed by a
centralized controller. The results obtained are a great opportunity to
exercise control and automation using the QoS-based routing
approach for SDNs.
5 Software Defined
Networking
Architecture,
Security and Energy
Efficiency: A
Survey[1]
Rawat Danda
B, et al.
This survey discusses the architecture of the various threats to SDN
as well as new threats arising due to the application form and SDN
energy efficiency on security testing. Energy efficiency in the form of
comparisons of energy consumption when not using network security
as well as with the SDN without security applied.
6 Analisis Performa
Jaringan SDN
Berdasarkan
Penggunaan Cost
Pada Protokol
Ruting OSPF[8]
Khoerul Anam,
et al.
Discuss about the performance analysis against conventional
networks and networks that use OSPF based SDN cost or without
cost, with the conclusion that the application of the modification cost
has an impact on the performance of views based on its value for
QoS results and convergent times.
7 A Survey on
Software-Defined
Network (SDN) and
OpenFlow: From
Concept to
Implementation[9]
Fei Hu, et al. Successful virtualization of networks on the implementation of
OpenFlow network SDN, provide flexibility for all vendors who used
to handle complex network on conventional networks, the
development of quite a lot of features provided on its users.
8 Analisis Simulasi
Penerapan
Algoritma OSPF
Menggunakan
RouteFlow pada
Jaringan Software
Defined Network
(SDN) [12]
Ridha M et al. Routing protocols OSPF was applied topology SDN by using his
RouteFlow goal to ease in controlling network with centralized
system. Time convergence and Quality of Service parameters is
measured with the scenario of disconnections links, the addition of a
number of switches and background traffic complies with the
standard parameter refers to the ITU-T G. 1010
9 Implementation of
Smart-OSPF in
hybrid Software
Defined Network
[13]
Yasunori N
et al.
Implemented Smart-OSPF scheme aimed at reducing traffic
congestion ratio by distributing traffic in just the edge nodes, just like
the function of the OSPF on normally. The concept of H-SDN is to
apply a system with conventional systems SDN network together. In
this paper, applied the distribution function of traffic in edge nodes in
the S-OSPF using H-SDN.
10 Prototipe
infrastruktur
software defined
network dengan
protokol openflow
menggunakan
ubuntu sebagai
controller [23]
Rikie Kartadie,
et al.
On a simulation used mininet as builders network and on the
prototype wearing router WR1043ND TP link and PC. For controllers
that use IE OpenDaylight. Testing conducted with the first ICMP
packet results between the two is not so far away, just like any ICMP
packet routing testing obtained results do not differ greatly.
6. Conclusion
In this paper, we compare the various research papers on SDN architecture and the
implementation of SDN. With a constantly evolving network technology, SDN will be used as a
solution to manage future networks. In the future, we want to propose a software architecture
model implementation in a single board computer device.

1141
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