Importance of Reliability and validity in Research
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Dr. S. S. Bhakar outlines the characteristics of a good measurement, emphasizing reliability, validity, and sensitivity. Reliability includes test-retest, equivalent form, and internal consistency types, while validity encompasses face, content, criterion-related, and construct validity. The document details various types of validity, such as predictive and concurrent within criterion-related validity, and convergent and discriminant validity within construct validity.
Importance of Reliability and validity in Research
- 1. Dr. S. S. Bhakar
- 2. Characteristics of a Good Measure Reliability: The outcome of the measurement process is reproducible. (Similar results are gotten over time and across situations.) Validity: The measurement process actually measures what it purports to measure Sensitivity: The measurement process shows variability in responses when it exists in the stimulus or situation.
- 3. Reliability Test-Retest Reliability: Use the same instrument a second time under nearly the same conditions as possible. Equivalent Form Reliability: Use two instruments that are as similar as possible to measure the same object during the same time period. Internal Consistency Reliability: Compare different samples of items being used to measure a phenomenon during the same time period.
- 4. VALIDITY 1. Face Validity 2. Content Validity 3. Criterion Related Validity Predictive Concurrent 4. Construct Validity Convergent Validity Discriminant Validity
- 5. Types of Validity Face Validity: Researchers judge the degree to which a measurement instrument seems to measure what it is supposed to. Content Validity: The degree to which the instrument items represent the universe of the concept under study.
- 6. Criterion Related Validity Criterion-related Validity: The degree to which the measurement instrument can predict a variable that is designated a criterion. a. Predictive validity: The extent to which a future level of a criterion variable can be predicted by a current measurement on a scale. b. Concurrent validity: The extent to which a criterion variable measured at the same point in time as the variable of interest can be predicted by the measurement instrument.
- 7. Construct Related Validity Construct Validity: The degree to which a measure confirms a hypothesis created from a theory based upon the concepts under study. a. Convergent validity: The degree of association among different measurement instruments that purport to measure the same concept. b. Discriminant validity: The lack of association among constructs that are supposed to be different.