Indigenous Science
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The document discusses incorporating Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures into the Australian science curriculum. It provides context on the cross-curriculum priority of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures. It notes that a taskforce developed 95 new elaborations to help teachers incorporate this priority into the science curriculum. Some examples of new elaborations include investigating how changes of state in materials used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are important, investigating methods of cooking like ground ovens, and recognizing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge of states of matter, evaporation, and reducing evaporation.
Indigenous Science
- 1. Culturally contextualised curriculum - Science Case study: A boiling hot issue
- 2. Cross-curriculum priorities • The inclusion of the cross-curriculum priorities in the Australian Curriculum was endorsed by the Education Council in December 2010. ACARA’s subsequent involvement with international organisations and curriculum development surveys, including the OECD and UNESCO studies, has indicated that the inclusion of this dimension is appropriate and useful for students in Australian education settings. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Histories and Cultures is one of the three cross-curriculum priorities. • In October 2016, the ACARA Board formed the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Taskforce, made up of members of the ACARA Board and ACARA’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Advisory Group. The taskforce has been working on refining the Australian Curriculum F–10 to enhance the priority’s content. Science has been the focus in the initial phase of the project. New Science elaborations addressing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Histories and Cultures • In response to feedback from community and educators, ACARA has developed 95 new elaborations to help teachers to incorporate the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Histories and Cultures cross-curriculum priority in the Australian Curriculum: Science.
- 7. R Brough Smyth – 1878 The Aborigines of Victoria:
- 8. Triumph of the Nomads 1976
- 9. Archaeology of the Dreamtime 1983-2010?
- 11. The Internet…
- 13. Food preparation – Roth 1901
- 15. Domestic Implement – Roth 1904
- 20. Technique of boiling not understood prior to First Fleet? Didn’t have nor make any vessels or cooking pots that could be placed on a fire? Have unsophisticated cooking methods?
- 21. What's the science? SU Chemical sciences Y3 SU Physical sciences Y3 SU Chemical sciences Y5 A change of state between solid and liquid can be caused by adding or removing heat (ACSSU046) Heat can be produced in many ways and can move from one object to another (ACSSU049) Solids, liquids and gases have different observable properties and behave in different ways (ACSSU077)
- 22. All students are required to learn about states of matter (solids, liquids and gases) and their observable properties and behaviour. For example: • Solids, liquids and gases are states of matter with unique set of properties • Matter can change from one state to another when heat is added or removed. • Matter has mass and takes up space There are three naturally occurring states of matter on Earth –solid, liquid and gas. • The state in which a substance occurs depends on the temperature. • Substances can change between solid, liquid and gas when they are heated or cooled (i.e. heat energy is added or removed). • Because energy has to be added to change a solid to a liquid to a gas, gases have a lot of energy compared to the same substance in the solid or liquid form
- 23. What are some contexts used?
- 24. What are some existing ACARA Elaborations Year 3A change of state between solid and liquid can be caused by adding or removing heat • investigating how liquids and solids respond to changes in temperature, for example water changing to ice, or melting chocolate • predicting the effect of heat on different materials Year 5Solids, liquids and gases have different observable properties and behave in different ways • identifying changes that occur in everyday situations due to heating and cooling • recognising that substances exist in different states depending on the temperature • observing that gases have mass and take up space, demonstrated by using balloons or bubble
- 25. New culturally relevant contexts SU Chemical sciences Y3 SU Physical sciences Y3 SU Chemical sciences Y5 A change of state between solid and liquid can be caused by adding or removing heat (ACSSU046) Heat can be produced in many ways and can move from one object to another (ACSSU049) Solids, liquids and gases have different observable properties and behave in different ways (ACSSU077) • investigating how changes of state in materials used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, such as beeswax or resins, are important for their use • investigating the production and transfer of heat in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ methods of cooking, such as the use of ground ovens • recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s knowledge and understanding of solids, liquids, gases • recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ knowledge and understanding of evaporation and how the effect of evaporation can be reduced to conserve water, such as by covering surfaces
- 26. Heat can be produced in many ways and can move from one object to another A change of state between solid and liquid can be caused by adding or removing heat Evaporation Solids, liquids and gases have different observable properties and behave in different ways Condensation Solids, liquids and gases have different observable properties and behave in different ways Convection Solids, liquids and gases have different observable properties and behave in different ways
- 27. What's some culturally relevant contexts?
Editor's Notes
- #5: Monday 29th October released
- #27: These dyes (NOT pigments∗∗) are highly water soluble. As you pointed out, boiling causes cell walls to rupture, releasing the cell plasma into the water. Boiling of the plasma fluid causes pressure build up, something the cell walls aren't designed to withstand. You can also extract them with cold water by mashing up the raw material in a food blender or grinding it in a mortar and pestle. This has the same effect of rupturing the cell walls. An interesting fact is that many of these dyes are pH sensitive: their colour is different in acid or alkaline conditions. Notably red cabbage extract changes from wine red to greenish blue when you add some sodium bicarbonate (baking powder) to it, because 'Bicar' is a (weak) alkali. Then adding a lot of vinegar (a weak acid) will change it back to its original colour. ∗∗ pigments are inorganic substances (many are refined minerals) and mostly insoluble in water. Anthocyanins belong to a parent class of molecules called flavonoids synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway. They occur in all tissues of higher plants, including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits. Beetroot and red cabbage – physical extraction and boiling and eucalyptus leaves steam and vapour inhalation heating plant material to produce therapeutic gases then either condensed onto the skin or in the lungs through inhalation Preventing evaporation
- #28: Inquiries? Can water be boiled in shells? What shells? If so how many times?
- #30: Underground steam ovens