powder metallurgy ppt
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Powder metallurgy is a process that involves blending metal powders, compacting them under pressure into a desired shape, and then sintering or heating the compact to fuse the particles together. It allows for the production of small, intricate parts with complex shapes from difficult-to-machine materials. Common applications include automotive components, gears, bearings, and appliances. The key steps are powder production through atomization, blending and mixing, compaction, and sintering.
powder metallurgy ppt
- 1. Powder MetallurgyPowder Metallurgy SUBMITTED BY INDRESH KUMAR BAIS ROLL NO. 11031M02018
- 2. OutlineOutline IntroductionIntroduction Powder ManufacturingPowder Manufacturing Powder Metallurgy ProcessPowder Metallurgy Process SinteringSintering Other Powder Metal ProcessesOther Powder Metal Processes Powder Metal ProductsPowder Metal Products Powder Metallurgy DesignPowder Metallurgy Design
- 3. IntroductionIntroduction Powder metallurgy is aPowder metallurgy is a processprocess byby which fine powdered materials arewhich fine powdered materials are blended, pressedblended, pressed into ainto a desireddesired shapeshape, and then, and then heated to bondheated to bond surfacessurfaces Typically used whenTypically used when largelarge amountsamounts ofof small, intricate partssmall, intricate parts withwith high precisionhigh precision are requiredare required Little material wasteLittle material waste andand unusualunusual mixturesmixtures can be utilizedcan be utilized Used for parts in the automotiveUsed for parts in the automotive industry, household appliances,industry, household appliances, and recreational equipmentand recreational equipment
- 4. Powder MetallurgyPowder Metallurgy MetalMetal PowderPowder Metal ProductMetal Product
- 5. Examples of PowderExamples of Powder Metal ProductsMetal Products GearsGears CamsCams CranksCranks BearingsBearings Roller bearing cagesRoller bearing cages HousingsHousings Light bulb filamentsLight bulb filaments Sprinkler mechanismsSprinkler mechanisms
- 7. Powder ManufacturingPowder Manufacturing Conversion of molten metal toConversion of molten metal to powderpowder AtomizationAtomization
- 8. Powder Metal MaterialsPowder Metal Materials ElementalElemental A pure metal, most commonlyA pure metal, most commonly iron, aluminum or copperiron, aluminum or copper PrealloyedPrealloyed An alloy of the requiredAn alloy of the required composition, most commonlycomposition, most commonly copper alloys, stainless steelcopper alloys, stainless steel or high-speed steelor high-speed steel
- 9. Powder ManufacturingPowder Manufacturing Other methods of producingOther methods of producing powder:powder: - Chemical reduction ofChemical reduction of particulate compoundsparticulate compounds - Electrolytic depositionElectrolytic deposition - Pulverization or grinding ofPulverization or grinding of brittle materialsbrittle materials - Thermal decompositionThermal decomposition - Precipitation from solutionsPrecipitation from solutions - Condensation of metal vaporsCondensation of metal vapors
- 10. Atomization Atomization is accomplished by forcing a molten metal stream through an orifice at moderate pressures. A gas is introduced into the metal stream just before it leaves the nozzle, serving to create turbulence as the entrained gas expands (due to heating) and exits into a large collection volume exterior to the orifice. The collection volume is filled with gas to promote further turbulence of the molten metal jet. On Earth, air and powder streams are segregated using gravity or cyclonic separation. Most atomised powders are annealed, which helps reduce the oxide and carbon content. The water atomized particles are smaller, cleaner, and nonporous and have a greater breadth of size, which allows better compacting. The powders produced through this method are normally of spherical or pear shape. Usually, they also carry a layer of oxide over them.
- 11. Blending and MixingBlending and Mixing BlendingBlending Combining powders of the same materialCombining powders of the same material but possibly different particle sizesbut possibly different particle sizes MixingMixing Combining powders of different materialsCombining powders of different materials
- 12. CompactionCompaction High pressure is applied to squeezeHigh pressure is applied to squeeze the powder into the desired shapethe powder into the desired shape
- 13. SinteringSintering Heats the powder below the meltingHeats the powder below the melting point to allow solid-state diffusionpoint to allow solid-state diffusion and bond the particles togetherand bond the particles together
- 15. Other Powder MetalOther Powder Metal ProcessesProcesses Cold Isostatic PressingCold Isostatic Pressing Hot Isostatic PressingHot Isostatic Pressing Injection MoldingInjection Molding Powder RollingPowder Rolling Powder ExtrusionPowder Extrusion Plasma SprayingPlasma Spraying
- 16. Injection MoldingInjection Molding The powder is mixed with a binderThe powder is mixed with a binder and molded, and the binder isand molded, and the binder is removed before sinteringremoved before sintering
- 17. Powder RollingPowder Rolling Powder is compressed in a rolling millPowder is compressed in a rolling mill to form a stripto form a strip
- 18. Powder Metal ProductsPowder Metal Products 1.1. Porous or permeablePorous or permeable productsproducts 2.2. Products of complex shapesProducts of complex shapes 3.3. Products made of materialsProducts made of materials that are difficult to machine orthat are difficult to machine or have high melting pointshave high melting points 4.4. Products which require theProducts which require the combined properties ofcombined properties of multiple materialsmultiple materials 5.5. Products in which powderProducts in which powder metallurgy produces superiormetallurgy produces superior propertiesproperties
- 19. Powder MetallurgyPowder Metallurgy DesignDesign 1.1. The shape must permit removalThe shape must permit removal from the diefrom the die 2.2. The shape should not have thinThe shape should not have thin walls or sharp cornerswalls or sharp corners 3.3. The shape should permit theThe shape should permit the construction of strong toolingconstruction of strong tooling 4.4. The shape of the part should beThe shape of the part should be within the thickness range forwithin the thickness range for which the powder can be properlywhich the powder can be properly compactedcompacted 5.5. The part should have as fewThe part should have as few changes in section thickness aschanges in section thickness as possiblepossible
- 20. Powder MetallurgyPowder Metallurgy AdvantagesAdvantages 1.1. Elimination/reduction ofElimination/reduction of machiningmachining 2.2. High production ratesHigh production rates 3.3. Complex shapes can beComplex shapes can be producedproduced 4.4. Wide composition variationsWide composition variations are possibleare possible 5.5. Wide property variations areWide property variations are possiblepossible 6.6. Scrap is eliminated orScrap is eliminated or reducedreduced
- 21. Powder MetallurgyPowder Metallurgy DisadvantagesDisadvantages 1.1. Inferior strength propertiesInferior strength properties 2.2. Relatively high die costRelatively high die cost 3.3. High material costHigh material cost
- 22. APPLICATIONAPPLICATION ••Bearing and filteringBearing and filtering ••Complex shapeComplex shape componentscomponents ••AutomotiveAutomotive componentscomponents ••Grinding wheelGrinding wheel