2. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING is linked with industrial
revolution and passed through many phases to reach
present advanced stage.
Frederick Taylor is named as father of scientific
management and industrial engineering.
Before Frederick Taylor, Adam Smith gave concept of
Division of Labour through his book The Wealth of
Nations.
Also James Watt, Boultin Mathew and Robinson
obtained a place in the history of Industrial
Engineering because of their work related with
improvements in the performance of machines and
industries.
2
7. There are many jobs for an Industrial Engineer
e.g. : -
Design Industrial Layouts.
Design Factories Processes.
Time & Motion Study
Material Management
7
8. Productivity improvement
implies: More efficient use of
resources, Less waste per unit
of input supplied, Higher
levels of output for fixed levels
of input supplied and so on.
8
9. Following tools and techniques are used to improve
productivity of the organization by optimum utilization of
resources.
1- Value Analysis.
2-Method Study.
3- Time Study (Work Measurement).
4-Motion Economy.
5- Inventory Control.
6- Material Handling Analysis.
7-Ergonomics (Human Engineering).
8- System Analysis.
9- Operations Research Techniques.
9
10. 1.Value analysis
Aims of value analysis:
Development and improvement of products and processes
Time savings due to working on the problem in a methodical and
targeted way
Techniques of Industrial Engineering
10
15. Value Added Time is only a very small
percentage of the Lead time.
Traditional Cost Savings focused on only
Value Added Items.
LEAN FOCUSES ON NON-VALUE
ADDING ITEMS.
Time
Raw
Material
Finished
Parts
Waiting
Staging
Transportation Inventory Staging
= Value
Added Time
= Non-Value
Added Time
(WASTE)
Machining Assembly
Casting
15
17. BAR CHART OF RECLINER ASSEMBLY LINE
0
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OPERATIONS
TIME
(IN
SECONDS)
Red Bar indicates Tact Time
Bar Chart shows variation in process times which
can be further improved
17
18. 1 2 3 4 5
1 Marking
Punching machine
(pneumatic) 1
14.85 17.43 15.14 15.25 13.65 15.264
2 Riveting of Upper Tooth Power Press 20.62 15.49 20.78 15.42 17.85 18.032
3 Penning of lever rivet pin Pneumatic machine 1 25.27 17.19 15.44 14.71 20.9 18.702 1 192
4
Arm plate with upper and
lower tooth assembly
Manually 30.71 29.85 26.89 32.3 27.95 14.77 2 244
5 Notching of big end Pneumatic press 13.41 15.63 12.69 13.72 14.17 13.9246 1 259
6 Notching of small end Pneumatic press 13.97 20.15 13.17 13.07 21.34 16.34 1 220
7 Notching of lever pin Power Press 13.45 13.8 15.1 14.36 13.3 14.002 1 257
8 Fitting of roller Manually 25.21 29.43 32.68 39.08 26.86 30.652 1 117
9
Placing of washer and
strip
Manually 20.56 30.83 21.23 19.73 30.27 24.524 1 147
10 Placing of flat spring Pneumatic press 17.14 1.68 18.1 17.87 17.84 14.526 248
11
Notching of big end at flat
spring
Power Press 8.26 7.78 8.39 8.19 8.56 8.236 437
12
Attachment of helical
Spring
Manually 30.9 41.1 32.16 28.64 31.1 32.78 1 110
13 Visual inspection Manually 32.01 37.82 49.79 55.64 70.01 49.054 1 73
14 True Operation (gauging) Manually 28.62 39.67 34.43 33.13 36.6 34.49 1 104
15 Final inspection Manually 20.35 24.78 26.33 24.13 25.13 24.144 1 149
16 Packing Manually #DIV/0! 1 #DIV/0!
Model :-TJC RECLINER Avg.
Cycle
Time
(sec)
TIME STUDY FOR RECLINER (FINE BLANKING)
Sr. No. Operation Name of Machine
Cycle Time (Sec)
Prod. /
Hour
Man
Power
108
1
1
09-Feb-12
Techniques of Industrial Engineering
3.Time study
18
22. 3.METHOD STUDY
METHOD STUDY, AIMS TO ACHIEVE THE BETTER
METHOD OF DOING WORK AND FOR THIS REASON
METHOD STUDY IS SOMETIMES CALLED WORK
METHOD DESIGN.
DEFINITION: METHOD STUDY CAN BE DEFINED AS THE
PROCEDURE FOR SYSTEMATIC RECORDING, ANALYSIS
AND CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF EXISTING OR
PROPOSED METHOD OF DOING WORK FOR THE
PURPOSE OF DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF
EASIER AND MORE EFFECTIVE METHOD.
Techniques of Industrial Engineering
22
23. 4.Motion Economy
Motion economy helps achieve productivity
and reduce Cumulative Trauma at the
workstation or sub-micro level.
• The Principles of Motion Economy eliminate
wasted motion, ease operator tasks, reduce
fatigue and minimize cumulative trauma such
as Carpal Tunnel and tendonitis.
Techniques of Industrial Engineering
23
24. 3.Motion Economy
Ergonomic Principles for Manual Handling Tasks
Minimize Significant Body Motions
1. Reduce Bending Motions Eliminate the need to bend
2. Reduce Twisting Motions Eliminate the need to twist
3. Reduce Reaching-Out Motions Eliminate the need to reach
4. Reduce object Weights/Forces
5. Reduce Pushing and Pulling Forces Eliminate the need to push or pull
Techniques of Industrial Engineering
24
26. 6.Material Handling Analysis
It includes observation and collection of following points:
1)Methods, plans and systems.
2)Materials handling equipment types and their uses.
3)Elements of materials handling cost.
4)Materials handling equipment classified by cost data.
5)Selection guide of materials handling equipment by quantified flow
diagram.
6)Pick-up and set-down devices and transport units
What the distance-intensity chart tells us about layout and handling system.
Techniques of Industrial Engineering
26
30. 7.Ergonomics
The word ergonomics means laws of (nomos) work (ergon).
Ergonomics is the science of adapting the job and/or the
equipment and the human to each other for optimal safety
and productivity.
For Example :Computers are a major area where
ergonomics is relevant. Other areas are automobiles,
cockpits, machinery and factories
Techniques of Industrial Engineering
30
32. 8.System analysis
System analysis has much to contribute to personal safety,
specifically through its study of organizational and work
systems. In general, a system analysis yields an understanding
of how a system works and how different elements in a
system interact. This facilitates system design and system
redesign, and aims to improve the interface between
components of a system in order to enhance the functioning
of each individual component in the overall system.
Techniques of Industrial Engineering
32
33. 9.Operational Research and Management Science
Operational Research (OR) is the use of advanced analytical techniques to
improve decision making. It is sometimes known as Operations Research,
Management Science or Industrial Engineering. People with skills in OR hold
jobs in decision support, business analytics, marketing analysis and logistics
planning .
Why is OR needed?
Because it makes sense to make the best use of available resources. Today’s
global markets and instant communications mean that customers expect
high-quality products and services when they need them, where they need them.
This requires careful planning and analysis – the hallmarks of good OR. This is
usually based on process modelling, analysis of options or business analytics.
Techniques of Industrial Engineering
33
