Industrialization and reform slideshare
- 1. Industrialization and Reform Essential Questions - How did industrialization, social reform, and philosophical movements influence the direction of American life? How did people respond to the new challenges of industrial life?
- 2. 3 Revolutions (1820s-1850s) • Economic • Social Reform • Political (next week)
- 3. The Marshall Court Decisions • Fletcher v. Peck • Dartmouth v. Woodward (Daniel Webster ) – States cannot impair the obligation of contracts
- 4. The Marshall Court Decisions • Gibbons v. Ogden – Fed. Gov’t. regulates interstate commerce Fulton’s steamboat Claremont (1809)
- 5. A Market Society • Rise of Corporations • The Factory System – Samuel Slater established America’s first factory in 1790 – First large-scale American factory (1814 Waltham, MA) • Lowell followed – “interchangeable parts” that could be rapidly assembled into standardized finished products – South lags behind North
- 6. Lowell Mills
- 7. Lowell Mills
- 8. Water Power
- 9. The Locks at Lowell (32 ft. drop)
- 12. Morning Bell at Lowell 1st Ring 4:30 Last Ring 10:00
- 13. Lowell Factory Church (1825)
- 15. A New Economy • Transportation – Improvements costs and linked farmers to markets – Toll roads did little – Improved water transportation did most • Steamboat/ canals • increased the speed • lowered the expense of commerce $100- $10 – Railroads – Telegraph
- 16. Samuel Morse and his Telegraph
- 17. Railroads & Canals Example • Robert Fulton’s Steamboat 1809 (Fulton’s Folly) • Erie Canal (1825) (Clinton’s Ditch)
- 20. Connecting the Great Lakes w/ Miss. River
- 21. Railroads, Canals, & Turnpikes
- 22. Travel Times from New York City in 1800 and 1830
- 24. The Market Revolution: Western Settlement, 1800–1820
- 25. A New Economy (con’t) • Inventions – Eli Whitney’s cotton gin (1793) – McCormick’s reaper (1831)
- 26. Industrialization Effects • market economy • population increase & westward expansion • prosperity • union & economic sectionalism • reactions to mechanization of life – faith that human’s can make progress/improve life – desire for all to share in fruits of prosperity – push back against hurried life of factory and the market economy
- 27. Social Reform(ers) • Prison & mental illness • Education - public & higher education • Women’s rights/suffrage • Temperance • Transcendentalists • Utopian societies • Religious revival • Abolition (later)
- 28. Dorothea Dix • Girls’ school 1821 • Report to MA (reading) • Helped open mental hospitals in 11 states
- 29. Horace Mann • Started MA public schools • 'common' or public schools would strengthen democracy by uniting children of all social classes (PBS.org)
- 30. Colleges Founded • Amherst (1821) • Trinity College (1823) • Mount Holyoke Female Seminary (1836) • Oberlin (1833)
- 31. Women’s Rights Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- 32. Women’s Rights Susan B. Anthony
- 33. So let us consider women in the 1st half of the 18th C. • Adams “Don’t forget the ladies” • “The Cult of True Womanhood” “cult of domesticity” (read later) • Seneca Falls – 1848 “Declaration of Sentiments”
- 35. Transcendentalist • Truth “transcends” human understanding • Natural world • Reclaim life from mechanized world • Ralph Waldo Emerson
- 36. Transcendentalist • Henry David Thoreau • On Civil Disobedience – Opposition to Mexican War (it’ll promote slavery) – Refused to pay tax ($ used for the war)
- 37. Utopian societies • Oneida • Brook Farm • Amana • Robert Owen New Harmony – Cooperation would “supersede individual interest” – Econ. equality…Socialism??
- 39. Religious movements • Shakers – Ann Lee founder – social equality – dramatic religious experiences – celibacy
- 40. Christianity’s 2nd Great Awakening • Educated, Middle class-oriented • Emotions • celebration of personal self-improvement, self- reliance, and self-determination • Timothy Dwight & Charles Finney
- 41. Religious movements (cont.) • Mormon faith • Joseph Smith • Brigham Young leads them west (1846)
- 42. Mormon Trail