Infinitive and Gerund (ESL)
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This document discusses the use of gerunds (-ing form) and infinitives (to + base verb form) in English. It provides examples of when each is used after certain verbs, prepositions, and expressions. The gerund is used after verbs like enjoy, consider, avoid. It is also used as a subject or object. The infinitive is used after verbs like want, need, decide. It also follows adjectives. Some verbs like begin can take either form depending on meaning. The document provides additional examples and clarification on how gerunds and infinitives can change the meaning in certain contexts.
Infinitive and Gerund (ESL)
- 1. TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND-ING M. GARRIDO ESL COACH
- 2. GERUND –ING IS USED • After most of the preopositions(después de la mayoría de preposiciones): I am not very good at cooking She’s thinking of coming back home soon. I’m not used to hearing that voice. (to as a preposition)
- 3. GERUND –ING IS USED • Subject/Object (Nominalizamos los verbos en inglés añadiendo –ing) Listening to music is good for everyone. I hate studying Maths.
- 4. GERUND –ING IS USED • After these verbs: admit confesar appreciate apreciar avoid evitar consider considerar delay retrasar deny negar detest detestar enjoy disfrutar escape escapar finish terminar suggest sugerir understand comprender • She has admitted having an affair with rock singer. • He appreciates getting a cruise as a present. • I avoid eating fatty foods. • My mother considers evading Robert • I enjoy listening to music. • May I suggest going to the cinema?
- 5. GERUND –ING IS USED • After these forms/expressions F. Verbal Traducción can´t help no poder evitar can´t stand no soportar don´t mind no importar would mind importaría be used to estar acostumbrado a get used to acostumbrarse a feel like apetecer it´s no use ser inútil, no valer la pena look forward to tener ganas de • I can’t stand losing you. • I don’t mind doing it. • I am used to studying at night. • I feel like going for a bike ride. • I’m looking forward to hearing back from you
- 6. TO INFINITIVE • After an adjective. It gives a reason for the adjective. • It’s difficult to find an asnwer An answer for the interrogative adverb ‘why’ to express purpose como respuesta de ¿por qué? Para expresar finalidad • Why did you do it? To enjoy much more
- 7. TO INFINITIVE • After these forms and verbs (especially verbs of thinking/ feeling and saying) : Verbo Traducción would like gustaría want querer need necesitar decide decidir hope esperar pretend pretender expect esperar learn aprender offer ofrecer afford asumir prepare preparar mean significar agree estar de acuerdo • I would like to visit those places this year. • I want to be a doctor • I’ve decided not to go there anymore • I expect to get an answer from you as soon as possible. • I can afford to pay my bills. • I don’t mean to be rude • I agree to supervisie this student on the Project. EXAMPLES
- 8. GERUND AND TO INFITINIVE • Vebs such as 'begin', 'continue' o 'start'. Verbos como ‘comenzar’, ‘continuar’ o ‘empezar’ • It started to snow/ It started snowing Cuando estos verbos van en forma continua se usará el infinitivo. • It’s starting to rain
- 9. GERUND AND TO INFINITIVE • After vebs such as 'like', 'dislike', 'hate', 'love', 'prefer‘. In AmE to infinitive is used and in BrE the gerund is used, but there’s no difference. Verbos como ‘like’, ‘dislike’, ‘hate’, ‘love’, ‘prefer’. En inglés americano se prefiere to infinitive, y en el inglés británico se usa con –ing. • I dislike cleaning the house • I don’t like to be here In conditional sentences, however, to infinitive is preferable. En las oraciones en condicional I would like/love/prefer se prefiere el infinitivo con ‘to’ I’d like to come back home
- 10. GERUND AND TO INFINITIVE changes in meaning Remember/forget (recordar/olvidar) -ing form refers to what happened in the past I remember turning off Tv when I left home. -to infinitive refers to remember/ to forget something that will happen Remember to turn off TV when you leave home Stop (parar) -ing form means ‘stop doing something’ I stop making noise -to infinitive means ‘stop doing something to do another thing’ I stop to make noise. Try (intentar) -ing form means ‘experiment’ Why don´t you try sending her flowers? -to infitive ‘doing something with effort’ I tried to change the battery but I couldn´t. Go on (continuar) -ing form means ‘keep doing something’ My boss went on discussing the new project. -to infinitive means ‘change of activity’ My boss went to discuss the new project.
- 11. GERUND AND TO INFINITIVE changes in meaning Regret (lamenatar) -ing form means to be sorry for something that happened. I regret saying that. -to infinitive is used to communicate a bad new. I regret to inform you that the meeting has been called off. Sorry for/ about (sentir) -ing form refers to something that happened. I am sorry for having offended you. -to infinitive refers to something that will happen in the future. I am sorry to disturb you. Need (necesitar) -ing form to express the necessity of doing something. He needs sleeping. To infinitive expresses obligation to do something. I need to be there at 8.00.
- 12. PRACTICE • http://a4esl.org/q/h/9801/el-to-ing.html • http://www.eslgamesplus.com/ing-gerunds-infinitive-spin/ • http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp? id=5788
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