information systems

INFORMATION
SYSTEM

Lecture # 13

Principles of
Information Systems
(Eighth Edition)

CHAPTER 5 (CONTINUED)
ORGANIZING DATA AND
INFORMATION

DATABASE ADMINISTRATION
 Role of the database administrator (DBA): plan,
design, create, operate, secure, monitor, and
maintain databases

Edition
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth
 DBA works with both users and programmers

 A data administrator is responsible for defining
and implementing consistent principles for a
variety of data issues, including setting data
standards and data definitions; a nontechnical
position

3

POPULAR DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
 Popular DBMSs for end users include Microsoft’s
Access and FileMaker Pro
 Complete database management software

Edition
market includes:
 Softwarefor professional programmers
 Databases for midrange, mainframe, and
supercomputers
 Examples of open-source database systems:
PostgreSQL and MySQL
 Many traditional database programs are now
available on open-source operating systems

4

SPECIAL-PURPOSE DATABASE
SYSTEMS
 Some specialized database packages are used for
specific purposes or in specific industries

Edition
 Israeli
Holocaust Database (www.yadvashem.org)
 Hazmat database
 Art and Antique Organizer Deluxe
 Special-purpose database by Tableau can be used
to store and process visual images

5

SELECTING A DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 Important characteristics of databases to
consider

Edition
 Database size
 Database cost
 Concurrent users
 Performance
 Integration
 Vendor

6

USING DATABASES WITH OTHER
SOFTWARE
 DBMSs can act as front-end or back-end
applications

Edition
 Front-end applications interact directly with people
or users
 Back-end applications interact with other programs
or applications

7

DATABASE APPLICATIONS
 Today’s database applications manipulate the
content of a database to produce useful
information

Edition
 Common manipulations are searching, filtering,
synthesizing, and assimilating the data
contained in a database using a number of
database applications

8

LINKING DATABASES TO THE
INTERNET
 Linking databases to the Internet is important
for many organizations and people

Edition
 Semantic Web
 Developing a seamless integration of traditional
databases with the Internet
 Allows people to access and manipulate a number of
traditional databases at the same time through the
Internet

9

DATA WAREHOUSES, DATA MARTS,
AND DATA MINING
 Data warehouse: database that collects
business information from many sources in the
enterprise, covering all aspects of the company’s

Edition
processes, products, and customers
 Data mart: subset of a data warehouse

 Data mining: information-analysis tool that
involves the automated discovery of patterns and
relationships in a data warehouse

10

AND DATA MINING (CONTINUED)

Figure 5.17: Elements of a Data Warehouse
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 11

AND DATA MINING (CONTINUED)

Table 5.8: Common Data-Mining Applications


BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE
 Business intelligence (BI): process of
gathering enough of the right information in a
timely manner and usable form and analyzing it

Edition
to have a positive impact on business strategy,
tactics, or operations
 Turns data into useful information that is then
distributed throughout an enterprise

13

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE
(CONTINUED)
 Competitive intelligence: aspect of business
intelligence limited to information about
competitors and the ways that knowledge affects

Edition
strategy, tactics, and operations
 Counterintelligence: steps an organization
takes to protect information sought by “hostile”
intelligence gatherers

14

DISTRIBUTED DATABASES
 Distributed database
 Database in which the data may be spread across
several smaller databases connected via

Edition
telecommunications devices
 Gives corporations more flexibility in how databases
are organized and used
 Replicated database
 Database that holds a duplicate set of frequently
used data

15

ONLINE ANALYTICAL PROCESSING (OLAP)
 Software that allows users to explore data from a
number of different perspectives


ONLINE ANALYTICAL PROCESSING
(OLAP) (CONTINUED)

Edition
Table 5.9: Comparison of OLAP and Data Mining

17

OBJECT-ORIENTED AND OBJECT-
RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS

Edition
 Object-oriented database: database that stores both
data and its processing instructions
 Method:procedure or action
 Message: request to execute or run a method

18

OBJECT-ORIENTED AND OBJECT-
RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS (CONTINUED)

 Object-oriented database management

Edition
system (OODBMS): group of programs that
manipulate an object-oriented database and
provide a user interface and connections to other
application programs
 Object-relational database management
system (ORDBMS): DBMS capable of
manipulating audio, video, and graphical data

19

VISUAL, AUDIO, AND OTHER DATABASE
SYSTEMS
 Databases for storing images
 Databases for storing sound

Edition
 Virtual database systems: allow different
databases to work together as a unified database
system
 Other special-purpose database systems
 Spatial data technology: stores and accesses data
according to the locations it describes and permits
spatial queries and analysis

20

SUMMARY
 Database: a collection of integrated and related files
 Hierarchy of data: bits, characters, fields, records,
files, and databases

Edition
 Key: a field or set of fields in a record that is used to
identify the record
 Database approach to data management: a pool of
related data is shared by multiple application
programs
 Data model: diagram of entities and relationships

21

SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
 Relational model: describes data in which all
elements are placed in two-dimensional tables
called relations

Edition
 Database management system (DBMS): group of
programs used as an interface between a
database and application programs or a database
and the user
 Role of the database administrator (DBA): plan,
design, create, operate, secure, monitor, and
maintain databases

22

SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
 Data warehouse: database that collects business
information from all aspects of a company’s
processes, products, and customers

Edition
 Data mining: information-analysis tool for the
automated discovery of patterns and
relationships in a data warehouse
 Object-oriented database: database that stores
both data and its processing instructions

23

information systems

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