iNFORMATION tECHNOLOGY cOMMUNICATION.ppt
- 2. Tourism provides a wide range of economic opportunities, especially for developing and least developed countries: Transport, communications, infrastructure, education, security, health, immigration, customs, accommodation, agriculture and creative industries Tourism
- 3. Inclusive Tourism Aim? •to foster linkages and interaction between the different actors in the tourism industry •to form partnerships with private actors and stimulates the local economy •to promote the integration of women and the active involvement of local communities •to emphasise sustainability by taking environmental, social and economic factors into account How? •by integrating poor local communities in tourism value chains through active entrepreneurial participation •by ensuring tourism products/services meet international requirements •by providing market expertise, capacity building, policy advocacy, and formal market linkages •by working with existing tourism destinations and supply sectors
- 4. The typical visitor journey
- 5. A simplified Tourism Value Chain (ex. Uganda)
- 6. United Nations Steering Committee on Tourism for Development Delivering as One for Tourism The SCTD is an innovative approach to Delivering as One: Delivering as One for Tourism, as a sectoral approach. It is a transformational partnership. SCTD main objectives: 1. Support Developing countries needs for implementing tourism for development in an integrated approach, building on the strengths of each UN agency 2. Monitor progress of development through DTIS (Diagnostic of Trade Integration Study), as well as through new econometric models 3. Mobilize necessary financial resources through existing funding mechanisms (such as EIF), and work towards the creation of a Multi Donors Trust Fund for Tourism (for LDCs, and countries -ODA eligible). 4. Mainstream tourism in the global development agenda, as an instrument for development, poverty reduction and a green growth.
- 7. SCTD Tourism Services Portfolio “Tourism for Development” Integrated Tourism Development Areas of intervention Implementing agencies UNWTO ITC UNDP UNEP ILO UNESCO UNIDO UNCTAD WTO The SCTD provides specialized tourism assistance aimed to maximize tourism’s capacity to support countries in reaching their development goals, while preserving their cultural and environmental assets. The Services Portfolio on Tourism for Development compiles the services available to LDCs and developing countries. The Services Portfolio makes available over 50 types of services organized around four pillars: Encouraging human resources development BBuilding good governance and sustainability in tourism Promoting investment in the tourism economy Fostering the poverty reduction impact of tourism 1 2 3 4
- 8. 3. Fostering the poverty reduction impact of tourism Reducing poverty by developing value-chain linkages between the tourism industry and local producers of goods and services in LDCs A. Rationale for working on business linkages for poverty reduction -90% of DTIS linked to tourism state the creation of business linkages as key challenge. -Increasing interest by hotel chains, restaurants and tour operators to invest more in local sourcing. -Limited capacities and skills of entrepreneurs to meet quality requirements of hotels, restaurants and tour operators. B. Objective of joint support - Maximise the tourism industry’s positive impact on local producers and service providers & entrepreneurs (e.g. agro-food, creative industries, services). - LDCs able to take advantage of the complementary institutional and technical strengths of the different SCTD/UN Agencies (ITC, UNWTO, UNCTAD, UNDP and ILO).
- 9. 3. Fostering the poverty reduction impact of tourism Applying an integrated approach to developing sustainable & inclusive business linkages A. In-depth feasibility assessment identifying products and services currently sourced from abroad by the tourism industry that could potentially be met by local supply. B. Facilitate stakeholder meetings to identify business opportunities for the tourism industry and how a demand-driven approach can link them with local producers. C. Enhance supply capacity, consistency and quality characteristics of local products and services to meet demand requirements of tourism industry and their customers. D. Cross-cutting: Strengthen support services by trade and tourism support entities and affected communities through the development of institutional capacities.
- 10. ITC Inclusive Tourism Opportunity Study Guidelines Aim: guideline to carry out a value chain based Inclusive Tourism needs assessment/project formulation identification of "winner" tourism products and services with market potential Identification of small producers that produce or could produce the selected products and services PHASE 1: DIAGNOSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND CONTEXT •Step 1- Defining scope and target group(s) •Step 2- Mapping the Value Chain and its Context •Step 3- Mapping where the Poor Participate •Step 4- Conduct fieldwork with Tourists, Enterprises and Support Institutions to gather data and perspectives •Step 5- Tracking Revenue Flows, Pro-Poor Income and Barriers facing the poor (pro-poor income) PHASE 2: PROJECT OPPORTUNITIES, PRIORITIZATION AND FEASIBILITY •Step 6- Identifying where in the Value Chain to seek change •Step 7- Analysis of strategies •Step 8- Developing a long list of intervention options •Step 9- Developing the short list PHASE 3: DEVELOPMENT OF A WORKPLAN •Step 10- Developing a project idea •Step 11- Project programming FOLLOWED BY: •Validation roundtable with stakeholder and government to refine and validate project proposal •Submission of proposal to donors & Implementation The target audience: •International and national consultants •Government
- 11. Assessment of Tourism Value Chain & Service providers
- 12. Pro-poor income mapping Villages / tourist sites / transport companies/ Homes Sufficient or fairly poor Raw silk producer, Cotton producer, Raw material intermediary Fruit & veg Vendor – wholesalers – distributors Markets Meat producer / vendor Fisherman Local transport Bread/noodle/rice supplier Food (dry) vendor Coffee/tea grower Hotel Indirect supplier Service Provider Direct supplier Worker Owner Construction workers Furniture Makers Transport companies Resort Stalls Rest. Shops Transp TO Guide Family/ Individ. Ind. Company Construction & equipment companies Fairly poor/poor Fairly poor Wholesalers Producers Local transport WiM EM WiM/EM G.house Accommodation Markets Food Private Farm Stalls Tours /Excursions Handicraft Private invest Foreign/local local Comp. Comp. local Family/ Individual Family Comp. Priv.in vest Family/ Individu al Coop. Family/ Individ Family/ Individ Company Foreign/local Fairly poor / poor or rural poor Fairly poor/ Poor Individual Farmers Farmers groups Thai /Vietnam/Laos Fairly poor/ Poor or rural poor WiM / EM WsP / EM WsP WsP WsP local Sufficient/ Fairly poor/ Poor Fairly poor/rural p. WsP: woman a significant proportion WiM: Women in majority EM: Ethnic minority
- 13. Implementation – ITC Inclusive Tourism Training Modules
- 14. Linking agriculture to tourism markets The Module on Agriculture illustrates possible interventions and partnerships between agro products and the tourism industry. Aim: To provide farmers and fishermen with the tools they need to assess the tourism market, and buyers with the skills to develop sustainable partnerships with local producers. The target audience: •Representatives of farmer community institutions •Potential and existing private sector partners •Government representatives involved in the tourism sector or other related industries •Local support organizations (NGOs)
- 15. Linking environmental management and climate change to tourism markets The Environment Management and climate change module shows how to manage tourism developments optimally in terms of the environment. Aim: To encourage governments, businesses, communities and people to ‘act locally while thinking globally’. Information on efficient and effective energy use, reduction in wastes, recycling and re-use and guidelines on environmental management for eco-hospitality. The target audience: •Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSME’s) •Producer groups, governmental bodies •Community institutions & NGOs •Tourism industry (Tour operators, Hotels, Restaurants)
- 16. Linking artists to tourism markets The artistic-cultural training module shows ways to develop local artistic and cultural services and marketing these through the tourism value chain. Aim: to develop and market local artistic and cultural services. The target audience: •Public sector offices •Private sector associations •NGOs supporting the artistic sector •Artists’ associations/organizations •Private tourism sector (Hotels, Tour operator) •Individual artists
- 17. Linking handicraft to tourism markets The Module on Handicraft products indicates ways for artisans on how to adapt their products to international requirements (quality, trends, design…) and link their products to tourist markets. Aim: to increase the artisans’ income and to provide facilitators with the know-how to develop sustainable business linkages between handicraft producers and the tourism markets. The target audience: •Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSME’s) •Producer groups and associations •Governmental bodies •NGOs supporting the craft sector
- 18. Linking hospitality to tourism markets The Hospitality Management manual describes how the hospitality and catering industry operates optimally to fulfil guest expectations and needs. Aim: To establish an appealing and suitable teaching method for tourist establishments in developing countries focus on typical gaps and barriers. The target audience: •Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSME’s) •Community institutions and NGOs •Tourism industry (Hotels, Restaurants)
- 19. Impact Measurement Tool Tailor-made for the following sectors: • Agro-food products • Creative Industries • Inclusive Tourism Undertaken at 3 stages of the project: • start, prior to project implementation (baseline) • half-way to be able to take corrective actions • completion of project in order to assess final impact Face to face interviews with beneficiary households Survey A. Social indicators B. Economic indicators C. Community development D. Project-specific information (agriculture, textile or tourism sector)
- 20. Social indicators: - Housing situation - Literacy and education Economic indicators: - Annual income - Ownership of assets/livestock Community development: indicators: - Nutrition - Access to facilities (education, infrastructure, health services) -Membership of co-operatives Product-specific information: - Materials used and availability - Environmental impact Indicators
- 21. Examples of applying the IMT - Results of inclusive tourism project in Brazil Social indicators: Education level – family members Results: Decrease in illiteracy 37% 22% 11% 5% 5% 5% 10% 4% 2% 10% 47% 12% 8% 7% 5% 5% 5% 2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Illiterate Basic education not completed High school completed Pre-school High school not completed Basic education completed Literate University completed University not completed % of total beneficiaries Educationlevel - family members 2005 2007
- 22. Results: Applying the IMT Economic indicators: Family income level Results: Increase of households income 7% 32% 27% 11% 4% 3% 4% 1% 10% 6% 22% 39% 14% 6% 5% 2% 1% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Up to 1/2 MS 1/2 -1 MS 1 - 2 MS 2 - 3 MS 3 - 5 MS 5 - 10 MS More than 10 MS No income Doesn't know/No answer % of total households Family income level 2005 2007 MS: minimumsalary
- 23. Results: Applying the IMT Tourism indicators: The population’s perception on tourist development’s principal positive impact Results: The large majority (73.3%) considers the generation of employment, work and income as the most important impact Population’s perception regarding tourist development’s principal positive impact Creation of employment, work and income 74% Progress & Development 5% Courses & Training 2% Other 4% Doesn't know/No answer 15%
- 24. ITC project development & implementation LATIN AMERICA Brazil Bolivia Colombia (PD) El Salvador Jamaica (PD) AFRICA Benin Gambia (PD) Mozambique Senegal (PD) Uganda (PD) ASIA India (PD) Lao PDR Maldives (PD) Philippines (PD) Samoa (PD) Tonga (PD) Vietnam MIDLE EAST Syria (PD) PD: Opportunity Study & Project Development
- 25. Lessons learnt • Scaling up: shift from Community-based Tourism to Inclusive Tourism • Economic sustainability: • Focus on income generating backward linkages • Create corporate linkages on local and international level to achieve win-sin situation (Cruise ship companies, Hotel chains, etc.) • Tap on existing tourism destinations • Work only with commercially viable and already existing sectors • Coordinated assistance by involving several UN agencies (SCTD) • Use enhanced tourism supply capacity as spring board for exports
- 26. Issues – open for discussion • Government support – weak tourism institutions • Informality of tourism sector suppliers • Donor funding cycle of 2-3 years - exit strategy • External shocks • Skills development - weak hospitality training facilities • Women and youth involvement
Editor's Notes
- #4: ITC helps to analyse the typical visitor’s journey to identify opportunities for local producers and providers of services to supply to tourists
- #5: Recent example of analysing the Ugandan tourism value chain and possible backward linkages
- #7: 4 areas of intervention, we’ll look especially at fostering poverty reduction, the area where ITC works in with its inclusive tourism approach
- #10: PHASE 1: DIAGNOSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND CONTEXT Step 1- Preparation Defining the scope of the ‘destination’ Defining the target group and definition of ‘poor’ Agreeing skills required and team composition Planning the Itinerary Step 2- Mapping the Value Chain and its Context Get on top of existing information Map stakeholders Identify relevant policies and plans Step 3- Mapping where the Poor Participate Step 4- Conduct Fieldwork with Tourists, Enterprises and Support Institutions to Gather Data and Perspectives Surveys with hotels Sampling Exploring the food supply chain with restaurants Craft Supply Chain Excursion, Entertainment and Transport Supply Chains Tourists surveys Step 5- Tracking Revenue Flows, Pro-Poor Income and Barriers Facing the Poor Calculating Pro-Poor Income Calculating Pro-Poor Income from Hotel Interview Data PHASE 2: PROJECT OPPORTUNITIES, PRIORITIZATION AND FEASIBILITY Step 6- Identifying where in the Value Chain to Seek Change Step 7- Analysis of Strategies What is going wrong – Problem analysis? What are we aiming at- Analysis of Objectives? What can be an obstacle - Assumptions and risk factors? What are the pros and cons of the project – SWOT analysis? Step 8- Developing a long list of intervention options A typology of strategies to benefit the poor Doing ‘what-if’ estimates of increased pro-poor income Considering trade-offs between objectives Locate potential partners for interventions Including different types of intervention Summary of steps to generate the long list Chapter 12: Step 9- Developing the Short List Applying eligibility and selection criteria Consulting stakeholders for Step 8 PHASE 3: DEVELOPMENT OF A WORKPLAN Step 10- Developing a project idea Formulating a project idea Timing Budget Sustainability and replication Step 11- Project Programming Official missions to targeted countries (Opportunity Study, Validation roundtable) Identification of international and national consultants with whom ITC will work in close collaboration in the preparation of the project plan document.
- #13: Overview