Inroduction System Software -features Types
- 1. Introduction to System Software Systemsoftwareis thebackboneof a computer,responsibleformanaging hardwareresourcesandprovidinga platformforrunningapplications.In this presentation,we'llexplorethefunctions,types,andimportanceof system softwarein moderncomputing. SP by SwapnaliPawar
- 2. System Software • System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs. If we think of the computer system as a layered model, the system software is the interface between the hardware and user applications. The operating system is the best-known example of system software. The OS manages all the other programs in a computer. • System software is used to manage the computer itself. It runs in the background, maintaining the computer's basic functions so users can run higher-level application software to perform certain tasks. Essentially, system software provides a platform for application software to be run on top of.
- 3. The Function of System Software Resource Management Systemsoftwaremanages computerresourcessuchas memory,processingpower,and deviceslike printersand scanners. Security Systemsoftwareprovides securitythroughfunctionslike userauthentication,access control,andfirewalls. Backup & Maintenance Systemsoftwareperforms backupandmaintenancetasks suchas defragmentation, cleaningupfiles,andinstalling updates.
- 4. SP Important features of system software Computer manufacturers usually develop the system software as an integral part of the computer. The primary responsibility of this software is to create an interface between the computer hardware they manufacture and the end user. System software generally includes the following features: 1.High speed- System software must be as efficient as possible to provide an effective platform for higher-level software in the computer system. 2.Hard to manipulate- It often requires the use of programming language, which is more difficult to use than a more intuitive user interface (UI). 3.Written in a low-level computer language- System software must be written in a computer language the central processing unit (CPU) and other computer hardware can read. 4.Close to the system- It connects directly to the hardware that enables the computer to run. 5.Versatile- System software must communicate with both the specialized hardware it runs on and the higher- level application software that is usually hardware-agnostic and often has no direct connection to the hardware it runs on. System software also must support other programs that depend on it as they evolve and change.
- 5. Types of System Software Operating Systems The mostessentialcomponentof system softwareis theoperatingsystem,which providesa controlinterfaceforthecomputer anduser. Utility Programs Utilitysoftwareassiststheoperatingsystemin performingmaintenancetasksandother functionssuchas compression,file management,and systemoptimization.
- 6. Operating Systems 1 Windows The mostpopularoperating systemforpersonal computers,Windowshasa widerangeof softwareand hardwarecompatibility. 2 macOS Designedspecificallyfor Appledevices,macOSoffers a sleekandintuitive interfacewithtight hardwareintegration. 3 Linux Anopen-sourceoperating systemwithfree distribution,Linuxis highly configurableandoftenused forserversand supercomputers.
- 7. Utility Programs Compression Utilityprogramslike WinZipcan compressfilestosavespace andmake themeasiertoshare. File Management The WindowsFile Explorer offersa graphicalinterfaceto manage filesandfolders. System Optimization & Maintenance Toolslike CCleanercanremove temporaryfilesandotherjunk datatooptimizesystem performance.
- 8. Device Drivers 1 Printer Drivers Enableyourcomputerto communicatewithyour printerandcontrolits functions. 2 Audio Drivers Managesoundinputand outputfordeviceslike speakers,headphones, andmicrophones. 3 Video Drivers Controlthedisplay outputof yourcomputer andcompatibilitywith graphicshardware.
- 9. SP Examples of system software • TheBIOS(basicinput/outputsystem)- • gets the computer system started after it's turned on and manages the data flow between the OS and attached devices, such as the hard drive, video adapter, keyboard, mouse and printer. • Thebootprogram- • loads the OS into the computer's main memory or random access memory (RAM). • Anassembler- • takes basic computer instructions and converts them into a pattern of bits that the computer's processor can use to perform its basic operations. • Adevicedriver- • controls a particular type of device that is attached to your computer, such as a keyboard or mouse. The driver program converts the more general I/O instructions of the OS to messages that the device type can understand. • Additionally, system software can also include system utilities, such as the disk defragmenter and System Restore, and development tools, such as compilers and debuggers. • Operatingsystems- • The computer's OS is a well-known example of system software. Widely used operating systems include Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux. Unlike other system software types, the average computer user regularly interacts with the computer OS through its graphical UI (GUI) and, with some operating systems, a less complex command-line interface (CLI).Because a GUI is a program that sits on top of the OS, it may be referred to as application software, not system software. In other words, the GUI is application software that makes it possible for the user to manipulate parts of the OS.
- 10. SP Importanttasks performedbythe operating system The main responsibility of the operating system is to manage a computer's software and hardware resources. It is the computer's maincontrolprogram.TheOScontrolsandmaintainsarecordofallotherprogramsonthecomputer,includingbothapplicationand system software. The OS creates an environment that all other computer programs run within and provides service to those other applications. • FileManagementandprocessscheduling- The OS allocates resources and prioritizes which programs should receive the resources and in what order. For example, a digital audio workstation application may require a certain level of processing power when being used. The OS decides how much power the application gets from the CPU and manages the effects of that allocation on other applications. If a more critical process is happening elsewhere on the computer, the OS might sacrifice some of the power the digital audio workstation has requested, for example, to ensure the other process can be completed. • Processorandmemorymanagement.- The OS allocates the computer's memory to a process when needed and deallocates it when the process is finished. • Errordetection- The OS detects, tracks and debugs errors in the computer's other programs. • Security- The OS uses passwords to protect the computer's programs and data from unauthorized access. • Controlandmanagement- The OS uses compilers, assemblers and interpreters to control and manage other programs on the computer. These language processers are pieces of system software that translate the high-level languages -- Java, Python and C++ -- that many computer programs are written in into low-level machine code instructions, which is essentially a series of 1s and 0s that the computer's CPU can read.
- 11. SP Difference between system software and application software
- 12. SP Assembler • The Assembler is a Software that converts an assembly language code to machine code. It takes basic Computer commands and converts them into Binary Code that Computer’s Processor can use to perform its Basic Operations. These instructions are assembler language or assembly language. • We can also name an assembler as the compiler of assembly language. This is because a compiler converts the high-level language to machine language. On the other hand, an assembler is doing the same task but, for assembly language, the name compiler of assembly language
- 13. SP What is an Assembly Language? • An assembly language is a low-level language. It gives instructions to the processors for different tasks. It is specific for any processor. The machine language only consists of 0s and 1s therefore, it is difficult to write a program in it. On the other hand, the assembly language is close to a machine language but has a simpler language and code. • We can create an assembly language code using a compiler or, a programmer can write it directly. Mostly, programmers use high-level languages but, when more specific code is required, assembly language is used. It uses opcode for the instructions. An opcode basically gives information about the particular instruction. The symbolic representation of the opcode (machine level instruction) is called mnemonics. Programmers use them to remember the operations in assembly language. • For example ADD A,B • Here, ADD is the mnemonic that tells the processor that it has to perform additional function. Moreover, A and B are the operands. Also, SUB, MUL, DIVC, etc. are other mnemonics.
- 14. SP Types of Assembler Assemblers generate instruction. On the basis of a number of phases used to convert to machine code, assemblers have two types: 1. One-Pass Assembler These assemblers perform the whole conversion of assembly code to machine code in one go. 2. Multi-Pass/Two-Pass Assembler These assemblers first process the assembly code and store values in the opcode table and symbol table. And then in the second step, they generate the machine code using these tables.
- 15. SP 2. Multi-Pass/Two-Pass Assembler These assemblers first process the assembly code and store values in the opcode table and symbol table. And then in the second step, they generate the machine code using these tables. a) Pass 1 •Symbol table and opcode tables are defined. •keep the record of the location counter. •Also, processes the pseudo instructions. b) Pass 2 •Finally, converts the opcode into the corresponding numeric opcode. •Generates machine code according to values of literals and symbols.
- 16. SP Some Important Terms •Opcode table: They store the value of mnemonics and their corresponding numeric values. •Symbol table: They store the value of programming language symbols used by the programmer, and their corresponding numeric values. •Location Counter: It stores the address of the location where the current instruction will be stored.
- 17. SP Compiler Assembler Compiler converts the high-level language source code into machine level language code. An assembler converts the assembly level language code into the machine level language code. The input of a compiler is high-level language source code. Where as, its input is low level assembly code. Compiler converts the whole source code to machine code at once. Assembler does not convert the code in one go. It has the following phases: lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, code generation and error handling. An assembler completes the task in two passes. It produces a machine code in form of mnemonics. It produces binary code in form of 0s and 1s. Examples are Java, C, C++ etc. compilers. Examples of assemblers are GAS, GNU etc.
- 18. The Importance of System Software in Maintenance Systemsoftwareplaysa criticalroleinensuringtheefficientand secureoperation of a computer.A well-maintainedsystemwillrunfaster,keepyourdataprotected, andavoidissueslike crashesandslowdowns.Byunderstandingthefunctionsand typesof systemsoftware,youcantake stepstooptimizeandimproveyour computer'sperformance.
- 19. SP Q1. What is an assembler? Q2. What is an assembly language? Q3. What are mnemonics? Q4. What are the types of assembler? Q5. What is the basic difference between a compiler and an assembler? Q&A
- 20. SP Q1. What is an assembler? An assembler is software that converts the assembly language code into machine code (binary language). Q2. What is an assembly language? An assembly language is a low-level language. In addition, it is specific for each processor and give the instructions to a processor. Moreover, it uses mnemonics for the instructions. Q3. What are mnemonics? Mnemonics are the symbolic representation of machine-level instructions. Moreover, it is used by programmers so that they can remember machine level processes easily. Q4. What are the types of assembler? On the basis of passes it has two types as follows: •One-pass assembler •Multi-pass/two-pass assembler Q5. What is the basic difference between a compiler and an assembler? A compiler converts the high-level language code into machine code, on the other hand, an assembler converts the assembly language code into machine code (binary language).
- 22. SP Thank You !