Inside The Cell
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This document summarizes the relative sizes of structures within a human cell at a scale of 1 million times enlarged. At this scale: - The cell membrane would be about 1 cm thick. - The nucleus would be around 10 meters in diameter and contain chromosomes that are 2-10 meters long with DNA unravelled to 50 kilometers. - Organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes range in size from a few centimeters to a bag or rucksack. - The cytoskeleton would appear as protein fibers and tubules ranging from 0.5 to 2 cm thick.
Inside The Cell
- 1. Marina Voloshina Phys-Math School, Novosibirsk State University, 2008 http://www.slideshare.net/outdoors Cell objects size and number the Cell Inside
- 2. A look at the cell in the human scale
- 3. 1 millimeter (mm) 5 0 average animal cells Cells are very small
- 4. 20 μ m ( micro meters) 1 micro meter = 10 –6 meter Average human cell
- 5. Let’s enlarge the cell to one million times
- 6. To the size of a room 20 μ m 20 m
- 7. real cell our × 1 000 000 1 micrometer 1 meter 1 nanometer 1 millimeter
- 8. Come in! And look around
- 9. The walls – cell membrane are very thin. 1 cm only 1 cm
- 10. The Nucleus 1 0 m Nucleus – the largest part of the cell
- 11. Nuclei of 2 neighbouring cells
- 12. 5 cm pore 5 cm envelope Chromosomes inside chromosome 20 cm thick
- 13. Inside the Nucleus 20 cm thick 2 – 10 m long Chromosomes No = 46 in each human cell
- 14. Chromosomes are made of DNA – the information storage molecule The cell brain 2 mm 50 kilometers unfolded DNA of one chromosome
- 15. In cell division the nucleus brakes down and chromosomes go out A-A-A !
- 16. Chromosomes in cell division
- 17. Dividing cell
- 18. Back to non-dividing cell A-A-A !
- 19. Endoplasmic reticulum – membrane net that fills the whole cell
- 20. Endoplasmic reticulum makes proteins, lipids, carbo- hydrates and transport them 5 cm
- 21. Mitochondria is the size of a table
- 22. But there are hundreds of such « tables » all over the cell
- 23. Better to think of mitochondria as a fireplace It produces energy ATP ATP
- 24. Bacterial cells are the same size as mitochondria Infection ! Bacteria not allowed
- 25. Ribosomes are the smallest organelles in your cell 2 cm
- 26. But very important No cell can exist without them Ribosomes make proteins – the “working horses” of cell
- 27. If ribosome would be 2 cm then an average protein – just 0.5
- 28. The ribosomes are plenty – around 100 000 in the cell
- 29. Ribosomes produce proteins – and cytoplasm is crowded with them Cytoplasm: thick like porridge
- 30. Some proteins are for internal use. Others are to be secreted outwards proteins
- 31. Cell packs them with Golgi Apparatus A size of a bag or rucksack
- 32. Many proteins to export -> many bags. 1 – 300 Golgi in different cell types
- 33. Some packs stay in the cell - lysosomes 20 cm
- 34. Lysosomes are for digestion Digestive enzymes Digestive system
- 35. Man has bones and muscles Cell has a cytoskeleton made of protein fibers and tubules
- 36. Cytoskeleton 2 cm 0.5 cm
- 38. Plant cells up to 100 micrometers = 0.1 mm are larger
- 39. some additional srtuctures and have
- 40. Thick outer wall membrane, 1 cm 10 cm – meters
- 41. Plant cell wall made of cellulose
- 42. Chloroplasts for photosynthesis 5 meters 10 – 100 chloroplasts per a plant cell
- 43. Photosynthesis Sun light CO 2 from the air All plants and animals exist due to Sun energy fixed in this amazing process Organic matter
- 44. You can barely move in plant cell. Most of space is occupied with giant central vacuole Central vacuole
- 45. Plant cells of a root
- 46. All the measurements we done are × 1 000 000 scale Go out of cell and remember
- 47. The end
- 48. Links Information on the size of cell organelles http ://www.nanomedicine.com/NMI/Tables/8.17.jpg http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cell_Biology/Introduction/Cell_size http://www.cellbiol.ru/book/kletka/o_kletkah/razmery_kletochnyh_struktur ( russian) Image credits Science photo library http://www.sciencephoto.com/ http:// www.ceraroot.com / eng / pc / education / investigation /