Intelligence - Prof Tarek Okasha
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The document discusses intelligence and defines it as the general ability to solve intellectual problems based on past learning and present understanding. It describes intelligence quotient (IQ) and how IQ is calculated. It discusses growth and constancy of intelligence, distribution of intelligence in the population, components and tests of intelligence including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The document also covers topics like mental retardation, abilities, and more.
Intelligence - Prof Tarek Okasha
- 1. Intelligence ()الذكاء Professor Tarek A. Okasha Professor of Psychiatry Okasha Institute of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Secretary for Scientific Meetings World Psychiatric Association
- 2. Definition Intelligence: Is the general ability to solve intellectual problems on the basis of past learning and present grasp of essentials
- 3. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) معدل الذكاء Mental Age ________________________ X 100 Chronological Age
- 4. Growth of Intelligence نمو الذكاء Increases steadily and progressively to age of 13 or 15 then more slowly to the age of 16 or 18 Constancy Intelligence ثبات الذكاء IQ is constant with fluctuations of 5–10 points Intelligence between Environment and Heredity Environment can enrich IQ up to 20-30 points
- 5. Distribution of Intelligence Genius Over 140 Superior IQ 120 - 140 Above average IQ 110 - 120 Average IQ 90 - 110 Below average IQ 80 - 90 Borderline IQ 70 - 80
- 6. Distribution of Intelligence 60% of the population 90 -110 15% of the population 110 -120 15% of the population 80 -90 5% of the population > 120 5% of the population < 80
- 7. Above Superior Borderline Below Average IQ IQ Average Average Intelligence MR Genius 70 80 90 100 110 120 140 5% 15% 60% 15% 5%
- 8. Composition of Intelligence 1. Verbal comprehension 2. Word fluency 3. Numbers 4. Perceptual 5. Reasoning 6. Rote memory 7. Spatial comprehension
- 9. Intelligence tests For children 1. Stanford Binet Scale (2-18 years) 2. Wechsler Pre-school intelligence scale (up to 5 years) 3. Wechsler Intelligence scale for children (5-15 years) 4. The coloured progressive matrices 5. Goodenough draw a man test 6. Portus Mazes
- 10. Intelligence tests For adults 1. Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS) (16-64 years) 2. Progressive Matrices 3. Primary mental abilities
- 11. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale A) Verbal scales (6 categories) 1. Information 2. Comprehension 3. Arithmetic 4. Similarities 5. Digit span 6. Vocabulary
- 12. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale B) Performance scales (5 categories)* 1. Digit symbol 2. Picture completion 3. Block design 4. Picture arrangement 5. Object assembly *scored for speed and accuracy
- 13. Group differences in intelligence Men Vs Women Black Vs White Vs Yellow City Vs Village children Occupation of the father
- 14. Uses of Intelligence tests Educational purposes Vocational guidance Level of intellectual deterioration Intellectual improvement Social and intellectual harmony between spouses
- 15. Reliability الثبات Consistency of measurement. (test gives similar results with same person at different times) Validity الصدق Positive correlation of the test with its purpose. (actually measures what is needed to be measured)
- 16. Mental Retardation “Generalized Learning Disability” Represents nearly 5% of the population Mortality rate is high Many co-morbid physical illnesses Better called “Generalized Learning Disability”
- 17. Mental Retardation “Generalized Learning Disability” Type % IQ Prognosis Idiot 5 Below 25 Non educable المعتوه Non trainable Imbecile 20 25 - 50 Trainable اللبله Moran 70 50 - 80 Trainable الوهوك Educable Borderline 5 80 - 90 Life in simple البين لبينى environment
- 18. Mental Retardation “Generalized Learning Disability” Type % IQ Profound MR 5 Below 20 Severe MR 20 20 - 34 Moderate MR 20 35 - 49 Mild MR 50 50 - 69 Borderline 5 80 - 90
- 19. IQ and school success IQ and occupation Role of Compensatory education? Is National Intelligence Declining?
- 20. Abilities القدرات Achievement النجاز The actual ability and can be measured directly by the use of tests Aptitude القدرة The predictable ability and can be measured by specially devised tests. Capacity الستعداد The potential ability and can be known indirectly from the unequal achievement of individuals who have equal intensive experience and training.
- 21. Abilities القدرات Idiot Savants (Talented idiots) Arithmetical prodigies Reading disability (dyslexia) Divergent Thinking Fluency Mental shift Emotional Quotient (EQ) الذكاء العاطفي