Internet Access in India - Technology/Policy Perspectives
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The document discusses internet access and data centers in India. It provides an overview of India's poor internet penetration rankings globally and average slow connection speeds. Despite major submarine cable connections, routing latency within India and to international destinations remains high. The document also cites reasons for poor penetration such as lack of IPv6 adoption and lists potential remedies including improved peering through exchanges. It notes that while data centers have matured, most remain clustered in major cities and face power challenges. The growth potential of data centers to support cloud computing is also discussed.
Internet Access in India - Technology/Policy Perspectives
- 1. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Internet Access in India — Technology/Policy Internet Access in India Internet Routing Perspectives IPv6, Peering Data Centres in India Some Reasons Sachin Garg Kshma Garg for Poor Penetration and Access Navankur Possible Remedies 19th November, 2009
- 2. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Outline Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India 1 Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering Internet Routing Data Centres in IPv6, Peering India Some Reasons for Poor Penetration 2 Data Centres in India and Access Possible Remedies 3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access 4 Possible Remedies
- 3. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Outline Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India 1 Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering Internet Routing Data Centres in IPv6, Peering India Some Reasons for Poor Penetration 2 Data Centres in India and Access Possible Remedies 3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access 4 Possible Remedies
- 4. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Outline Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India 1 Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering Internet Routing Data Centres in IPv6, Peering India Some Reasons for Poor Penetration 2 Data Centres in India and Access Possible Remedies 3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access 4 Possible Remedies
- 5. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Outline Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India 1 Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering Internet Routing Data Centres in IPv6, Peering India Some Reasons for Poor Penetration 2 Data Centres in India and Access Possible Remedies 3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access 4 Possible Remedies
- 6. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering Data Centres in India Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access Possible Remedies
- 7. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Perspectives Outline Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Internet Access in India 1 Internet Access in India Internet Routing Internet Access in India IPv6, Peering Data Centres in Internet Routing India IPv6, Peering Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access 2 Data Centres in India Possible Remedies 3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access 4 Possible Remedies
- 8. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Internet Access in India Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg • 115th among 223 countries in terms of average internet Internet Access in India connection speeds Internet Access in India Internet Routing • Average internet connection speed of just 772 Kbps IPv6, Peering compared with the global average of 1.5 Mbps Data Centres in India • 93rd globally for broadband adoption (with 3.74 per cent Some Reasons connections at speeds over 2 Mbps) for Poor Penetration and Access • 55th globally for narrowband adoption (with 25.8 per cent Possible of connections at speeds below 256 Kbps) Remedies • Unique IPs from India grew 42.91 per cent YoY, to 2.63 million. • India had 0.0001 broadband IPs per capita. http://www.akamai.com/stateoftheinternet/
- 9. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Despite . . . Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Indian Telco’s being part of 3 large submarine cable systems that Internet Routing IPv6, Peering span the globe: Data Centres in India • SEA-ME-WE-3 – Tata Communications (VSNL) involved in Some Reasons running for Poor Penetration • SEA-ME-WE-4 – Tata Communications (VSNL) involved in and Access Possible running Remedies • FLAG – Reliance owned
- 10. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy WAN: SEA-ME-WE-3 Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering Data Centres in India Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access Possible Remedies Figure: South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe-3 Cable • 39,000 km • 2 fibre pairs, each carrying (as of May 2007) 48 wavelengths of 10 Gbit/s, WDM
- 11. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy WAN: SEA-ME-WE-4 Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering Data Centres in India Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access Possible Remedies Figure: South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe-4 Cable • 18,800 km • 2 fibre pairs, each carrying 64 wavelengths of 10 Gbit/s,
- 12. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy WAN: FLAG – Reliance Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering Data Centres in India Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access Possible Remedies Figure: Fibre Optic Link Around the Globe • 28,000 km
- 13. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Outline Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India 1 Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering Internet Routing Data Centres in IPv6, Peering India Some Reasons for Poor Penetration 2 Data Centres in India and Access Possible Remedies 3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access 4 Possible Remedies
- 14. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Routing/Latency: Perspectives Sachin Garg, www.iisc.ernet.in Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering 3 220.227.121.38 1.241 ms 1.166 ms 1.061 ms Bangalore, India, IN Data Centres in 4 220.227.122.14 2.275 ms 2.288 ms 2.232 ms Bangalore, India India, IN Some Reasons 5 220.224.182.86 2.425 ms 2.472 ms 3.023 ms Bombay, India, for Poor IN Penetration 6 220.224.182.89 2.299 ms 2.378 ms 2.311 ms Bombay, India, and Access IN 7 144.16.48.2 * 3.821 ms 3.991 ms Bangalore, Possible India, IN Remedies 9 220.227.207.41 3.979 ms 3.850 ms 4.030 ms Bangalore, India, IN
- 15. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Routing/Latency: Perspectives Sachin Garg, www.yahoo.co.in Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering 3 220.227.121.38 0.831 ms 1.289 ms 1.136 ms Bangalore, India, IN Data Centres in 4 220.227.122.14 2.274 ms 1.979 ms 2.515 ms Bangalore, India India, IN Some Reasons 5 124.124.211.177 19.065 ms 19.201 ms 19.151 ms Bombay, India, for Poor IN Penetration 6 124.124.211.177 18.715 ms 18.793 ms 20.899 ms Bombay, India, and Access IN 7 ge-7-46.bas-a2.in2.yahoo 20.635 ms 21.198 ms 21.024 ms Bombay, India, Possible .com (203.104.21.243) IN Remedies 8 fp.vip.in2.yahoo .com 21.001 ms 20.904 ms 20.880 ms Bombay, India, (202.86.7.62) IN
- 16. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Routing/Latency: Perspectives Sachin Garg, www.google.com Kshma Garg Internet Access in India 5 62.216.144.117 19.307 ms 19.220 ms 19.020 ms London, GB Internet Access in 6 62.216.144.117 19.018 ms 22.891 ms 18.777 ms London, GB India 7 ge-0-2-0.0.pjr01.mmb004. 98.213 ms 98.536 ms 99.002 ms London, GB Internet Routing flagtel.com (85.95.25.65) IPv6, Peering 8 so-1-0-0.0.pjr01.hkg005. 98.401 ms 98.412 ms 98.480 ms London, GB flagtel.com (85.95.25.237) Data Centres in 9 so-5-0-0.0.cjr03.hkg003. 98.210 ms 98.415 ms 98.483 ms London, GB India flagtel.com (85.95.25.218) Some Reasons 10 so-4-0-0.0.cjr04.hkg003. 98.027 ms 97.961 ms 97.975 ms London, GB for Poor flagtel.com Penetration (62.216.137.26) and Access 11 74.125.51.205 98.149 ms 98.290 ms 98.319 ms Mountain View, US 12 64.233.175.207 98.640 ms 98.383 ms 98.276 ms Mountain View, US Possible 13 209.85.241.58 98.202 ms 98.404 ms 98.366 ms Mountain View, US Remedies 14 209.85.249.236 197.700 ms 197.405 ms 208.382 ms Mountain View, US 15 216.239.43.212 298.541 ms 333.713 ms 298.204 ms Mountain View, US 16 209.85.241.210 331.637 ms 314.359 ms 312.304 ms Mountain View, US 17 209.85.243.116 354.438 ms 263.517 ms 263.997 ms Mountain View, US 18 209.85.241.37 269.886 ms 263.787 ms 263.964 ms Mountain View, US 19 72.14.239.18 265.163 ms 274.897 ms 270.738 ms Mountain View, US 22 iy-in-f104.google.com 268.104 ms 268.263 ms 268.251 ms Mountain View, US (209.85.225.104)
- 17. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Outline Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India 1 Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering Internet Routing Data Centres in IPv6, Peering India Some Reasons for Poor Penetration 2 Data Centres in India and Access Possible Remedies 3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access 4 Possible Remedies
- 18. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Routing & Peering Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access NIXI — National Internet eXchange of India is a preferred in India Internet Access in India inter-ISP peering point. Advantages: Internet Routing IPv6, Peering • Ensures minimal latency for packets — resulting in good Data Centres in user experience India • Reduces unnecessary usage of expensive and limited Some Reasons for Poor Penetration international links and Access IPv6 — potential to increase Internet penetration. Current IPv4 Possible Remedies addresses may run out by 2011 • DoT mandating readiness by December 2010 • NIXI running dual stack routers
- 19. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Data Centres in India Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Internet Access in • Have matured over a decade India Internet Routing • Not yet aligned to specific segments — Co-Location, IPv6, Peering Managed, SMB Data Centres in India • Clustered in Tier I cities — Mumbai, Chennai, Banaglore, Some Reasons for Poor Hyderabad Penetration and Access • Networking not an issue — lots of fibre in and around Tier I Possible cities Remedies • Power is the biggest challenge Thanks to Mr. Jayabalan, CTO, NetMagic Solutions, Mumbai
- 20. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Data Center Potential in India Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Data Centers have a huge potential in India and will be led by Internet Access in India Internet Routing the emerging “Cloud Computing” paradigm. Gartner in a study IPv6, Peering predicts Data Center Space in India to grow at a CAGR of 31%. Data Centres in India IDC predics a 20-22% growth due to Government hosting. Some Reasons (’000s of 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 CAGR for Poor Square Feet) (2007– Penetration 2012) and Access Captive 726 1,209 1,723 2,145 2,391 2,571 29% Hosted 611 1,090 1,749 2,108 2,371 2,573 33% Possible Total Data 1,337 2,299 3,472 4,252 4,762 5,143 31% Remedies center space http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=808212
- 21. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Some Reasons for Poor Perspectives Sachin Garg, Penetration and Access Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Internet Access in • Poor and Monopolised Last Mile infrastructure India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering • Mobile telephony has had phenomenal growth, leading to Data Centres in decline in Wired and consequently Broadband (DSL) lines India • Wireless access is expensive and relegated to a few, Some Reasons for Poor Penetration • Digital Cable that could be a potential medium for Internet and Access access is undeveloped — may die an untimely death at the Possible Remedies hands of DTH • Expensive to access, partly due to a lot of content hosted overseas, consuming expensive international bandwidth • Lack of localised and locally hosted content
- 22. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Why Locally Hosted Content? Perspectives Sachin Garg, Network Latency is a serious issue. Kshma Garg 2 • Speed of light is finite (≈ 3 × 105 km/s in vacuum and 3 of Internet Access in India that in optical fibre) Internet Access in India Internet Routing • You cannot fight Physics. IPv6, Peering Bandwidth problems can be cured with money. Data Centres in India Latency problems are harder because the speed of Some Reasons light is fixed—you can’t bribe God. for Poor Penetration and Access — Prof. David Clark, M.I.T., quoted various places Possible Remedies Need to put the data as close to the consumer as possible using a “Content Distribution Network” or edge-caches. • Akamai a major player in this — Uses a world-wide DNS network (akadns.com) and a set of caching servers • Expensive. Approximate 2008 prices/Mbps: US: $35, EMEA: $45, RoW: $75
- 23. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Possible Remedies - I Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Some of the Possible Remedies for ensuring better Internet/Broadband penetration include: Internet Access in India • Increased number of Data Centers in smaller towns Internet Access in India • Results in cheaper data centers nearer to the user, which Internet Routing IPv6, Peering will increase data hosted locally, thereby Data Centres in • reducing dependence on and usage of international links → India reduced access costs Some Reasons • reduced latency → better user experience → more users for Poor Penetration • increased use of new computing models like “Cloud and Access Computing” Possible • Requires Incentives to Data Centre Industry which could Remedies be: • Tax incentives to Green Data Centers • Allow users of Green Data Center to possibly trade in Carbon Credits earned by their use of the Green Data Center • Land and Connectivity etc. at concessional rates for Data Centers setup near renewable power sources
- 24. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Possible Remedies - II Perspectives Sachin Garg, • Mandate use of NIXI for all ISPs and increase NIXI PoPs Kshma Garg • Results in better and more efficient routing and reduces Internet Access unecessary international hops in India Internet Access in • Unbundle the local loop (Last Mile) India Internet Routing • Results in customers having the choice between Internet IPv6, Peering providers and increased broadband penetration Data Centres in India • Needs regulatory push as well as development of newer Some Reasons business models for Poor Penetration • Accelerated roll-out of IPv6 to consumers and Access • Results in ISPs being able to provide services to larger Possible Remedies number of users • Newer, innovative solutions can come uphaving the choice between Internet providers and increased broadband penetration • Needs regulatory push, development of newer business models, customer awareness • Strong Data Protection Laws
- 25. Internet Access in India — Technol- ogy/Policy Thank You Perspectives Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Internet Access in India Internet Access in India Internet Routing IPv6, Peering Questions? Data Centres in India Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access Possible Remedies ibaintlconf2009@NavankurIT.in