The iPhone has increased mobile internet consumption by 13 times according to a 2008 study. Mobile internet users in the US are split evenly between those over 35 (48%) and under 35 (52%), and there are as many teenage users as those over 55. Most mobile internet users are male (56%) though the gender gap varies by country, and household income level does not strongly determine mobile internet use. Smartphone subscribers, especially iPhone users, frequently access the internet, news, search and social media on their phones. Popular mobile internet categories include portals, email, and emerging areas like social media and banking.