Internet of things

Innovation Lecture: Internet of Things
Yesoda Bhargava
January 13, 2021

What is Internet of Things?
The network of physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with sensors,
software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging
data with other devices and systems over the internet.
A ‘thing’ can refer to a
connected medical device
a biochip transponder (think livestock)
a solar panel
a connected automobile with sensors that alert the driver to a myriad of possible issues (fuel,
tire pressure, needed maintenance, and more) or
any object, outfitted with sensors, that has the ability to gather and transfer data over a
network.
Could range from ordinary household items to sophisticated industrial tools.
taking all the things in the world and connecting them to the internet.
Yesoda Bhargava Innovation Lecture: Internet of Things January 13, 2021 2 / 19

Why IoT matters?
When something is connected to the internet, that means that it can send
information or receive information, or both.
Example : Song streaming on your smartphone.
To be smart, a thing doesn’t need to have super storage or a supercomputer inside
of it. All a thing has to do is connect to super storage or to a supercomputer.
In the Internet of Things, all the things that are being connected to the internet
can be put into three categories:
Things that collect information and then send it.
Things that receive information and then act on it.
Things that do both.

Collecting and Sending Information
This means sensors.
Example: temperature sensors, motion sensors, moisture sensors, air quality
sensors, light sensors etc.
Sensors, along with a connection, allow us to automatically collect information
from the environment which, in turn, allows us to make more intelligent decisions.
Automatic information of soil moisture can help farmers with proper irrigation.

Receiving and Acting on Information
Things that collect information and send it, but also receive information and act
on it - power of IoT.
Eg. If the irrigation system receives information about the weather from its
internet connection, predicts rain and decides not to turn the irrigation on.
Information related to irrigation system and crop yield can be collected over time
and analysed to generate insights about best way to irrigate crops for good yield.
The internet of Things, or “IoT” for short, is about extending the power
of the internet beyond computers and smartphones to a whole range of
other things, processes, and environments.
The IoT integrates the interconnectedness of human culture – our
’things’ – with the interconnectedness of our digital information system –
’the internet.’
Internet of Things Video

The term IoT is mainly used for devices that wouldn’t usually be generally
expected to have an internet connection, and that can communicate with the
network independently of human action.
For this reason, a PC isn’t generally considered an IoT device and neither is a
smartphone – even though the latter is crammed with sensors.
A smartwatch or a fitness band or other wearable device might be counted as an
IoT device, however.
It is predicted that 41.6 billion connected IoT devices by 2025.

What Technologies have made IoT possible?
Access to low-cost, low-power sensor technology.
Connectivity
Cloud computing platforms
Machine learning and analytics
Conversational artificial intelligence (AI)

Benefits of Internet of Things for Consumers
Makes our environment – our homes and offices and vehicles – smarter, more
measurable.
Smart speakers like Amazon’s Echo and Google Home make it easier to play
music, set timers, or get information.
Home security systems make it easier to monitor what’s going on inside and
outside, or to see and talk to visitors.
Meanwhile, smart thermostats can help us heat our homes before we arrive back,
and smart lightbulbs can make it look like we’re home even when we’re out.
Self-driving cars and smart cities could change how we build and manage our
public spaces.

Top IoT Applications
Create new efficiencies in manufacturing through machine monitoring and
product-quality monitoring.
Improve the tracking and “ring-fencing” of physical assets.
Use wearables to monitor human health analytics and environmental conditions.
Drive efficiencies and new possibilities in existing processes.
Enable business process changes. Eg. Remote monitoring of the health of
machines.

Industries that can benefit from IoT
Manufacturing
Automotive
Transportation and Logistics
Retail
Public Sector
Healthcare
General Safety Across All Industries

IoT Applications
Wearables: Fit Bits, heart rate monitors and smartwatches.
Guardian glucose monitoring device: detects glucose levels in the body, using a tiny
electrode called glucose sensor placed under the skin and relays the information via
Radio Frequency to a monitoring device.
Smart Home applications
Smart City: Palo Alto Example for traffic management.
Sensors were installed at all the parking spots around the city. These sensors pass
the occupancy status of each spot to the cloud. Any number of applications can
consume that data. It can guide the drivers through the shortest route to an open
spot.

Smart Greenhouse

Industry Automaton

Internet of Things Security
Sensors are collecting extremely sensitive data.
Security track record for IoT has been extremely poor.
Encryption of data in transit and at rest is extremely important.
Hackers are now actively targeting IoT devices such as routers and webcams
because their inherent lack of security makes them easy to compromise and roll up
into giant botnets.
Flaws have left smart home devices like refrigerators, ovens, and dishwashers open
to hackers.
Hackers can track the wearer’s location, eavesdrop on conversations, or even
communicate with the user.
Industrial espionage or a destructive attack on critical infrastructure are both
potential risks.

Internet of Things Privacy
IoT is a potentially vast privacy and security headache.
What happens to the data collected by smart devices is an important privacy
matter.
Badly installed IoT products could easily open up corporate networks to attack by
hackers, or simply leak data.

Internet of Things and Big Data Analytics
IoT generates vast amounts of data: from sensors attached to machine parts or
environment sensors, or the words we shout at our smart speakers.
Data culled from sensors around a city could help planners make traffic flow more
efficiently.
That data will come in many different forms – voice requests, video, temperature
or other sensor readings, all of which can be mined for insight.

Some concerns
It is always upto us to decide how much space we should give to technology in our
lives.
Internet is a space which is useful and risky at the same time.
Discretion in usage and caution in sharing personal information online is advised.

Upcoming
Next Lecture: An overview of Data Analysis and Innovation/Research.
External speaker on IoT Practical Applications.

Internet of things

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